Topic 13: Quantum and nuclear physics
... Describe the concept of the photon and use it to explain the photoelectric effect. Einstein found that if he treated light as if it were a stream of particles instead of a wave that his theory could predict all of the observed results of the photoelectric effect. The light particle (photon) has th ...
... Describe the concept of the photon and use it to explain the photoelectric effect. Einstein found that if he treated light as if it were a stream of particles instead of a wave that his theory could predict all of the observed results of the photoelectric effect. The light particle (photon) has th ...
Inflation, quantum fields, and CMB anisotropies
... Due to the large k behavior of the modes the above integral is divergent. It is a common view [24] to bypass this point by regarding h( x , t) as a classical random field. One then introduces a window function W (k R) in the integral to smooth out the field on a certain scale R and to remove the Fo ...
... Due to the large k behavior of the modes the above integral is divergent. It is a common view [24] to bypass this point by regarding h( x , t) as a classical random field. One then introduces a window function W (k R) in the integral to smooth out the field on a certain scale R and to remove the Fo ...
Selection rules for nonradiative carrier relaxation processes in
... Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have received considerable attention due to their atomic-like spectral features and their compatibility with modern microelectronics technology. These QDs create a three-dimensional potential well confining charge carriers in all spatial directions. The confinement r ...
... Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have received considerable attention due to their atomic-like spectral features and their compatibility with modern microelectronics technology. These QDs create a three-dimensional potential well confining charge carriers in all spatial directions. The confinement r ...
An Introduction to Quantum Game Theory
... first foresaw the unusual power of quantum computers, noting that simulation of quantum evolution in a classical computer would invole an exponential slowdown in time. Once again there is a direct line from von Neumann [52] (with Stan Ulam [68]): ‘In the nineteen fifties, Ulam and von Neumann began ...
... first foresaw the unusual power of quantum computers, noting that simulation of quantum evolution in a classical computer would invole an exponential slowdown in time. Once again there is a direct line from von Neumann [52] (with Stan Ulam [68]): ‘In the nineteen fifties, Ulam and von Neumann began ...
Entangled Photons and Bell`s Inequality
... inequality using polarization-entangled photons. When light is directed through a type 1 beta barium borate (BBO) crystal, a small fraction of the incident photons (on the order of 10−10 ) undergo spontaneous parametric down conversion. In spontaneous parametric down conversion, a single pump photon ...
... inequality using polarization-entangled photons. When light is directed through a type 1 beta barium borate (BBO) crystal, a small fraction of the incident photons (on the order of 10−10 ) undergo spontaneous parametric down conversion. In spontaneous parametric down conversion, a single pump photon ...
Gibbs' paradox and black-hole entropy
... to yield the entropy. Both string theory and quantum general relativity have provided partial answers; the fundamental entities can there be D-branes or spin networks [2]. The picture is, however, far from being complete. In fact, one suffers from an embarrassment of riches, as Steven Carlip has cal ...
... to yield the entropy. Both string theory and quantum general relativity have provided partial answers; the fundamental entities can there be D-branes or spin networks [2]. The picture is, however, far from being complete. In fact, one suffers from an embarrassment of riches, as Steven Carlip has cal ...
Quantum evolution according to real clocks - E
... pected evolution of the system moves the state from one cell k to the next k11 in a time « approximately. An observer keeps tally of which is the cell of largest k that has been visited, and thus the passage of time is recorded. Let s k denote the ideal time at which the readout of the clock is k«, ...
... pected evolution of the system moves the state from one cell k to the next k11 in a time « approximately. An observer keeps tally of which is the cell of largest k that has been visited, and thus the passage of time is recorded. Let s k denote the ideal time at which the readout of the clock is k«, ...
THE MINIMUM-UNCERTAINTY SQUEEZED STATES FOR ATOMS
... The purpose of this paper is to construct the minimum-uncertainty squeezed states for quantum harmonic oscillators, which are important in these applications, in the most simple closed form. Our approach reveals the quantum numbers/integrals of motion of the squeezed states in terms of solution of c ...
... The purpose of this paper is to construct the minimum-uncertainty squeezed states for quantum harmonic oscillators, which are important in these applications, in the most simple closed form. Our approach reveals the quantum numbers/integrals of motion of the squeezed states in terms of solution of c ...
Reductionism and Emergence: Implications for the Science/theology
... with our experiences in everyday life, and in particular with the way science is carried out. Scientific theories are developed and then tested by an ongoing process that rolls out in time: initially the theory does not exist; it is developed, tested, refined, finally perhaps accepted: as in other c ...
... with our experiences in everyday life, and in particular with the way science is carried out. Scientific theories are developed and then tested by an ongoing process that rolls out in time: initially the theory does not exist; it is developed, tested, refined, finally perhaps accepted: as in other c ...
ppt - QEC14
... starting to come over the horizon, but QEC could probably help more with this. There are correspondingly mighty plans on the drawing board to collect and process all the data that the surface code implies. I will show what small parts of these plans have come to fruition; QEC should also do some wor ...
... starting to come over the horizon, but QEC could probably help more with this. There are correspondingly mighty plans on the drawing board to collect and process all the data that the surface code implies. I will show what small parts of these plans have come to fruition; QEC should also do some wor ...
Quantum neural networks
... either spin up or spin down. It is in some sense both at once. Classically, of course, it must be one or the other, and when this system decoheres the result is, for example, the ↑ state with probability ...
... either spin up or spin down. It is in some sense both at once. Classically, of course, it must be one or the other, and when this system decoheres the result is, for example, the ↑ state with probability ...
Quantum Weakest Preconditions - McGill School Of Computer Science
... to be made precise in Sec. 3.4 they are dual to each other. The situation for deterministic languages can be found in the first column of Table 1. In the world of probabilistic programs one sees the same duality in action, after suitably generalizing the notions of states and predicates. Probability ...
... to be made precise in Sec. 3.4 they are dual to each other. The situation for deterministic languages can be found in the first column of Table 1. In the world of probabilistic programs one sees the same duality in action, after suitably generalizing the notions of states and predicates. Probability ...
Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single
... two tunnelling electrons. As this `detector' is always connected to the two-level system even during the pulse, a large probe junction resistance Rb is necessary for small ¡ qp1 (~ R-1 b ) to avoid excessively disturbing the coherence. The other role is the preparation of the initial state for the n ...
... two tunnelling electrons. As this `detector' is always connected to the two-level system even during the pulse, a large probe junction resistance Rb is necessary for small ¡ qp1 (~ R-1 b ) to avoid excessively disturbing the coherence. The other role is the preparation of the initial state for the n ...
Operation of a quantum bit circuit based on the Cooper pair
... demonstrated. In this new circuit, the box Josephson junction is replaced by two junctions in parallel forming a loop. The advantage of this design is to provide separate ports for qubit manipulation and readout, and to efficiently decouple the qubit from its external environment when readout is off ...
... demonstrated. In this new circuit, the box Josephson junction is replaced by two junctions in parallel forming a loop. The advantage of this design is to provide separate ports for qubit manipulation and readout, and to efficiently decouple the qubit from its external environment when readout is off ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
... PLE measurements on a 1D ground states were achieved on an isolated single quantum wire. We observed a signature of 1D DOS represented by an absorption peak at the band edge, which indicates a high uniformity of our sample. The tunable density range covers ...
... PLE measurements on a 1D ground states were achieved on an isolated single quantum wire. We observed a signature of 1D DOS represented by an absorption peak at the band edge, which indicates a high uniformity of our sample. The tunable density range covers ...
Semiclassical Correlation in Density
... good. Why not? Problem!! The offset of wFG from wexact is too large – optimal field for exact is not a resonant one for FG and vice-versa. ...
... good. Why not? Problem!! The offset of wFG from wexact is too large – optimal field for exact is not a resonant one for FG and vice-versa. ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.