Quantum and Ecosystem Entropies
... for excellent summaries of progress. However, the symmetry between quantum mechanics and ecosystems is not yet complete as fundamental principles used with great effectiveness to quantify quantum statistical properties have yet to be exploited for ecosystems. This paper is a step in that direction. ...
... for excellent summaries of progress. However, the symmetry between quantum mechanics and ecosystems is not yet complete as fundamental principles used with great effectiveness to quantify quantum statistical properties have yet to be exploited for ecosystems. This paper is a step in that direction. ...
Numerical Methods for Semiconductor Hetrostructures with Band
... energy gap, and spin-orbit splitting etc., the matrix size of the resulting eigenvalue problems can be up to as much as 98 millions for some typical size of QD. Our first method is a matrix reduction scheme which consists of three steps: reordering the unknowns, tridiagonalization based on the Fouri ...
... energy gap, and spin-orbit splitting etc., the matrix size of the resulting eigenvalue problems can be up to as much as 98 millions for some typical size of QD. Our first method is a matrix reduction scheme which consists of three steps: reordering the unknowns, tridiagonalization based on the Fouri ...
7 Quantum Computing Applications of Genetic Programming
... output that would most likely be produced if the same sequence of operators was run on a real quantum computer. The simulation can also report the actual probability of obtaining this most-likely result; this is just the sum of |α|2 for the states having the most probable output pattern. If the prob ...
... output that would most likely be produced if the same sequence of operators was run on a real quantum computer. The simulation can also report the actual probability of obtaining this most-likely result; this is just the sum of |α|2 for the states having the most probable output pattern. If the prob ...
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... Books have been written about the meaning of the wavefunction (the "state" |ψ〉 ) , and there is no strong consensus on the issue, so we asked the faculty how they present the physical interpretation of the wavefunction to their students in JQM. In particular, we asked them to choose one of the follo ...
... Books have been written about the meaning of the wavefunction (the "state" |ψ〉 ) , and there is no strong consensus on the issue, so we asked the faculty how they present the physical interpretation of the wavefunction to their students in JQM. In particular, we asked them to choose one of the follo ...
Machine invention of quantum computing circuits by means
... with a population of computer programs, each of which is a random composition of elements from a problem-specific set of program elements. Fitness is assessed by running each program on a specified set of inputs and producing a numerical value that characterizes the quality of the program’s performa ...
... with a population of computer programs, each of which is a random composition of elements from a problem-specific set of program elements. Fitness is assessed by running each program on a specified set of inputs and producing a numerical value that characterizes the quality of the program’s performa ...
Glassy Chimeras Could Be Blind to Quantum Speedup:
... bonds. Beyond this threshold, the system only displays a zero-temperature spin-glass phase. Our results therefore show that a careful design of the hardware architecture and benchmark problems is key when building quantum annealing machines. PACS numbers: 75.50.Lk, 75.40.Mg, 05.50.+q, 03.67.Lx ...
... bonds. Beyond this threshold, the system only displays a zero-temperature spin-glass phase. Our results therefore show that a careful design of the hardware architecture and benchmark problems is key when building quantum annealing machines. PACS numbers: 75.50.Lk, 75.40.Mg, 05.50.+q, 03.67.Lx ...
Hybrid cryptography using symmetric key encryption
... Step8: Decrypt the file to obtain the original file. Step9: Stop Thus from the above results we can see the encryption takes a little longer, but has more security. When all the three are implemented separately, we can also conclude that the error probability influences the output to get 100% satisf ...
... Step8: Decrypt the file to obtain the original file. Step9: Stop Thus from the above results we can see the encryption takes a little longer, but has more security. When all the three are implemented separately, we can also conclude that the error probability influences the output to get 100% satisf ...
Quantum distributed computing - Technion
... given in its current form by Andrew Yao [52]. A good reference on classical communication complexity is [34]. There are several variations of the basic model; here, we concentrate on the most natural one. Let F be a k-input binary function. We are in a context where the k players each have one of th ...
... given in its current form by Andrew Yao [52]. A good reference on classical communication complexity is [34]. There are several variations of the basic model; here, we concentrate on the most natural one. Let F be a k-input binary function. We are in a context where the k players each have one of th ...
Optimal Inequalities for State-Independent Contextuality Linköping University Post Print
... With the linear program we find that the maximal violation for the contexts CYO is V ¼ 1=12 8:3% and thus twice that of the inequality in Ref. [14]. Interestingly, among the optimal coefficients ~ there is a solution which is tight and for which the coefficient 4;7 vanishes, cf. Table I, colum ...
... With the linear program we find that the maximal violation for the contexts CYO is V ¼ 1=12 8:3% and thus twice that of the inequality in Ref. [14]. Interestingly, among the optimal coefficients ~ there is a solution which is tight and for which the coefficient 4;7 vanishes, cf. Table I, colum ...
Axiomatic description of mixed states from Selinger`s CPM
... play a crucial role in quantum information theory. To our knowledge, the need for an abstract notion of internal trace has so far only been indicated by Delbecque in [5], motivated by the fact that while in Selinger’s construction they arise from an underlying JSV-trace in some other categories they ...
... play a crucial role in quantum information theory. To our knowledge, the need for an abstract notion of internal trace has so far only been indicated by Delbecque in [5], motivated by the fact that while in Selinger’s construction they arise from an underlying JSV-trace in some other categories they ...
Non Ideal Measurements by David Albert (Philosophy, Columbia) and Barry Loewer
... has a definite value. This will be enormously difficult since, as we mentioned previously, in the neighborhood of every Hamiltonian that characterizes an ideal measurement there are Hamiltonians that characterize evolutions like (2). In fact, on natural measures the measure of the set of Hamiltonian ...
... has a definite value. This will be enormously difficult since, as we mentioned previously, in the neighborhood of every Hamiltonian that characterizes an ideal measurement there are Hamiltonians that characterize evolutions like (2). In fact, on natural measures the measure of the set of Hamiltonian ...
Aharonov–Bohm interferometry with the T-shaped capacitively coupled quantum dots
... For different fluxes φ1 ≠ φ2, the orbital degeneracy is broken. Figure 1b (φ1/φ2 = 1/4) presents an example of the two-period oscillations of conductance and Fig. 1c illustrates the Coulomb induced AB oscillations (oscillations observed also in the ring, where no magnetic flux is applied, φ2 = 0). F ...
... For different fluxes φ1 ≠ φ2, the orbital degeneracy is broken. Figure 1b (φ1/φ2 = 1/4) presents an example of the two-period oscillations of conductance and Fig. 1c illustrates the Coulomb induced AB oscillations (oscillations observed also in the ring, where no magnetic flux is applied, φ2 = 0). F ...
Standard Model at the LHC (Lecture 1: Theoretical Recap) M. Schott
... no color charge directly observed only colour singlet states can exist as free particles Important experimental consequence quarks/gluons cannot be directly detected, as they will ”hadronize”, i.e. ”transform” to a bunch of hadrons ...
... no color charge directly observed only colour singlet states can exist as free particles Important experimental consequence quarks/gluons cannot be directly detected, as they will ”hadronize”, i.e. ”transform” to a bunch of hadrons ...
Nanophotonics I: quantum theory of microcavities Paul Eastham
... and hence useful microcavities. Along the way, we will further explore the connection between optical resonances and the bound states of quantum wells, described by the Schrödinger equation. ...
... and hence useful microcavities. Along the way, we will further explore the connection between optical resonances and the bound states of quantum wells, described by the Schrödinger equation. ...
Entanglement and its Role in Shor`s Algorithm
... that, if a quantum algorithm cannot be simulated classically using resources only polynomial in the size of the input data, then it must have multipartite entanglement involving unboundedly many of its qubits – if it is run on a quantum computer using pure quantum states. However, the presence of mu ...
... that, if a quantum algorithm cannot be simulated classically using resources only polynomial in the size of the input data, then it must have multipartite entanglement involving unboundedly many of its qubits – if it is run on a quantum computer using pure quantum states. However, the presence of mu ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.