![arXiv:0905.2946v1 [cond-mat.str-el] 18 May 2009](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003310684_1-f6852d9094cc4ebe5853c88b867e67b0-300x300.png)
arXiv:0905.2946v1 [cond-mat.str-el] 18 May 2009
... To detect topological order, we turn to the entanglement spectrum shown in Fig. 3. We label the quasiparticle eigenvalues {ǫn } by discrete angular momenta ℓ = 0, π2 , π, 3π 2 , describing the transformation properties under the point group of the square lattice. Under a rotation by π2 , the quasi-p ...
... To detect topological order, we turn to the entanglement spectrum shown in Fig. 3. We label the quasiparticle eigenvalues {ǫn } by discrete angular momenta ℓ = 0, π2 , π, 3π 2 , describing the transformation properties under the point group of the square lattice. Under a rotation by π2 , the quasi-p ...
ppt
... continuous variable to occur at a point Probability of a continuous random variable falling within a set is the integral of the pdf over the set ...
... continuous variable to occur at a point Probability of a continuous random variable falling within a set is the integral of the pdf over the set ...
LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND UNIVERSAL sl2 INVARIANTS
... by the values of f at any infinite set of roots of unity of prime power order. From g the existence of IM one can derive the following consequences for ZHS: • The quantum invariants at all roots of unity are algebraic integers. • The quantum invariants at any infinite set of roots of unity of prime ...
... by the values of f at any infinite set of roots of unity of prime power order. From g the existence of IM one can derive the following consequences for ZHS: • The quantum invariants at all roots of unity are algebraic integers. • The quantum invariants at any infinite set of roots of unity of prime ...
Electromagnetic cascade in high energy electron, positron, and
... arXiv:1306.1260v1 [physics.plasm-ph] 5 Jun 2013 ...
... arXiv:1306.1260v1 [physics.plasm-ph] 5 Jun 2013 ...
On the Explanation for Quantum Statistics
... And yet the same concept is important to another puzzle that arises already in classical mechanics - the Gibbs’paradox. In particular it explains the subtraction of a term k ln N ! from the classical (Boltzmann) entropy for N identical particles2 (to give the entropy as an extensive function of stat ...
... And yet the same concept is important to another puzzle that arises already in classical mechanics - the Gibbs’paradox. In particular it explains the subtraction of a term k ln N ! from the classical (Boltzmann) entropy for N identical particles2 (to give the entropy as an extensive function of stat ...
The Strength of the Weak: The Uncertainty Principle and
... Leggett (1989), however, claimed that the concept of weak measurement outlined by Aharonov, Ablert and Vaidman (1988) was only of theoretical rather than practical interest based on considerations about the nature of measurement. His argument is a little beyond my pay grade at this point, however th ...
... Leggett (1989), however, claimed that the concept of weak measurement outlined by Aharonov, Ablert and Vaidman (1988) was only of theoretical rather than practical interest based on considerations about the nature of measurement. His argument is a little beyond my pay grade at this point, however th ...
LHCC
... To get cross-section for both formation and decay, multiply Breit-Wigner by a factor (el/)2 • If state is formed through channel i and decays through channel j To get cross-section for both formation and decay, multiply Breit-Wigner by a factor (i j /)2 • Mean value of the Breit-Wigner shape is ...
... To get cross-section for both formation and decay, multiply Breit-Wigner by a factor (el/)2 • If state is formed through channel i and decays through channel j To get cross-section for both formation and decay, multiply Breit-Wigner by a factor (i j /)2 • Mean value of the Breit-Wigner shape is ...
The role of Chern Simons theory in solving the fractional quantum
... provides a derivation of the wave function from a completely different principle. • It gives a new physical understanding. The 1/3 state is seen as one filled quasi-Landau level of composite fermions carrying two vortices. • It clarifies that this state belongs to a more general structure with an im ...
... provides a derivation of the wave function from a completely different principle. • It gives a new physical understanding. The 1/3 state is seen as one filled quasi-Landau level of composite fermions carrying two vortices. • It clarifies that this state belongs to a more general structure with an im ...
Quantum Thermodynamics: A Dynamical Viewpoint
... A thermodynamic tradition is learning by example. The model of a heat engine by Carnot [4] led to generalizations; the first and second law of thermodynamics. A quantum mechanical model of heat engines and refrigerators allows us to incorporate dynamics into thermodynamics. Two types of devices have ...
... A thermodynamic tradition is learning by example. The model of a heat engine by Carnot [4] led to generalizations; the first and second law of thermodynamics. A quantum mechanical model of heat engines and refrigerators allows us to incorporate dynamics into thermodynamics. Two types of devices have ...
Evaluation, Hybridization and Application of Quantum Inspired
... world problems qualitatively. Examples of such hybridized algorithms are: Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm (GASAA) [WZ 2005], Hybrid Immune Algorithm that combines the benefit of Artificial Immune Algorithm and Hill Climbing local search algorithm [YA 2009], A quantum particle swarm optimizer w ...
... world problems qualitatively. Examples of such hybridized algorithms are: Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm (GASAA) [WZ 2005], Hybrid Immune Algorithm that combines the benefit of Artificial Immune Algorithm and Hill Climbing local search algorithm [YA 2009], A quantum particle swarm optimizer w ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.