Bose–Einstein condensation: Where many become one and so there is plenty of room at the bottom
... are merely two different states of the same underlying entity. This, of course, happens naturally in a quantum-field description where the particles are the excitations of an underlying field – just its internal movements. At a somewhat heuristic level, one can understand the quantum indistinguishab ...
... are merely two different states of the same underlying entity. This, of course, happens naturally in a quantum-field description where the particles are the excitations of an underlying field – just its internal movements. At a somewhat heuristic level, one can understand the quantum indistinguishab ...
Statistical Models for Steganography - uni
... Larger the cover message – Easier to hide message ...
... Larger the cover message – Easier to hide message ...
Memory cost of quantum contextuality Linköping University Post Print
... contextuality and is in contrast to classical physics, where the answer to a single question does not depend on which other compatible questions are asked at the same time. Contextuality can be seen as complementary to the well-known nonlocality of distributed quantum systems [4]. Both phenomena can ...
... contextuality and is in contrast to classical physics, where the answer to a single question does not depend on which other compatible questions are asked at the same time. Contextuality can be seen as complementary to the well-known nonlocality of distributed quantum systems [4]. Both phenomena can ...
L17-20
... suggests how we should think about the indices j and k that are summed over in the Kraus decomposition of Aα . They represent information that is potentially available to us, but that we don’t have. Indeed, we can always imagine that there is a more capable agent than ourselves, who has two kinds of ...
... suggests how we should think about the indices j and k that are summed over in the Kraus decomposition of Aα . They represent information that is potentially available to us, but that we don’t have. Indeed, we can always imagine that there is a more capable agent than ourselves, who has two kinds of ...
hybrid quantum computation - Centre for Quantum Technologies
... caused by noise, but also from the potential eavesdroppers. The task of cryptography is to secure the information from eavesdropping. Since 1917, cryptographers have been using a private key2 with the one-time pad algorithm to secure strings of bits (classical information). The Morse code, the Enigm ...
... caused by noise, but also from the potential eavesdroppers. The task of cryptography is to secure the information from eavesdropping. Since 1917, cryptographers have been using a private key2 with the one-time pad algorithm to secure strings of bits (classical information). The Morse code, the Enigm ...
Functional Form of the Imaginary Part of the Atomic Polarizability
... contributions which need to be separated from the coherent two-photon correction to the decay rate [13]. How can this intuitive picture be applied to the imaginary part of the polarizability? From a quantum theory point of view [1], the initial state/reference state in the calculation of the polariz ...
... contributions which need to be separated from the coherent two-photon correction to the decay rate [13]. How can this intuitive picture be applied to the imaginary part of the polarizability? From a quantum theory point of view [1], the initial state/reference state in the calculation of the polariz ...
Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics with Transmon Qubits in
... I want to thank my Masters colleagues Hodei Eneriz and Ander Tobalina for the good times shared through this crazy year, ghting side by side in every battle. I would also like to thank Mr. Miguel Ángel Simon for being such a good friend, physicist, musician and soon basketball player. It has been a ...
... I want to thank my Masters colleagues Hodei Eneriz and Ander Tobalina for the good times shared through this crazy year, ghting side by side in every battle. I would also like to thank Mr. Miguel Ángel Simon for being such a good friend, physicist, musician and soon basketball player. It has been a ...
Basic Notions of Quantum Network Science
... teleported to Carol. He measures it as before, calls Carol and Carol does his measurement. The final state that Carol has is half of the EPR pair with Alice. ...
... teleported to Carol. He measures it as before, calls Carol and Carol does his measurement. The final state that Carol has is half of the EPR pair with Alice. ...
Efficient Universal Quantum Circuits
... breaking each layer of C into four adjacent layers, the first three being as before, and the fourth containing only Z gates. The top-level circuit to simulate a layer of Z gates is as before (Figure 2) and each Ai subcircuit looks like Figure 4, where the central gate is a Z gate connecting the anci ...
... breaking each layer of C into four adjacent layers, the first three being as before, and the fourth containing only Z gates. The top-level circuit to simulate a layer of Z gates is as before (Figure 2) and each Ai subcircuit looks like Figure 4, where the central gate is a Z gate connecting the anci ...
Physics at the FQMT`11 conference
... processes during experiments on nano-size systems which must be, due to their contacts, understood as open systems. These transients, switching-on or off processes, generally start from highly non-equilibrium quantum initial states. The proper understanding of formulation of the initial state (i.e. ...
... processes during experiments on nano-size systems which must be, due to their contacts, understood as open systems. These transients, switching-on or off processes, generally start from highly non-equilibrium quantum initial states. The proper understanding of formulation of the initial state (i.e. ...
Comment on “Non-representative Quantum Mechanical Weak Values”
... Svensson’s conclusions are puzzling: “the question whether the weak value generating state gS|in lies entirely in an orthogonal subspace or not can be given a yes or no answer for all nonvanishing values of g. And if the answer is yes, then this state does not represent S, implying that neither doe ...
... Svensson’s conclusions are puzzling: “the question whether the weak value generating state gS|in lies entirely in an orthogonal subspace or not can be given a yes or no answer for all nonvanishing values of g. And if the answer is yes, then this state does not represent S, implying that neither doe ...
A Survey of BGP Security: Issues and Solutions
... Verify Routes Before/After Accepting Them Verify Entire Route/First Hop/Not At All ...
... Verify Routes Before/After Accepting Them Verify Entire Route/First Hop/Not At All ...
Planck`s radiation law, the light quantum, and the prehistory of
... does not depend on the position with which one sides. The reason is the following: While the question whether Planck himself implied a discontinuity is surely of historical interest it is of less importance in the teaching of physics. For physics education it is more relevant whether black-body radi ...
... does not depend on the position with which one sides. The reason is the following: While the question whether Planck himself implied a discontinuity is surely of historical interest it is of less importance in the teaching of physics. For physics education it is more relevant whether black-body radi ...
Experimental test of Heisenberg`s measurement uncertainty relation
... implement the observables A, B and C, D. The compatible observables C, D are measured in a joint way. In other words, we measure the joint observable M induced by C, D as previously mentioned. As a POVM with four components, M can be extended to orthogonal projective measurements on a certain two-qu ...
... implement the observables A, B and C, D. The compatible observables C, D are measured in a joint way. In other words, we measure the joint observable M induced by C, D as previously mentioned. As a POVM with four components, M can be extended to orthogonal projective measurements on a certain two-qu ...
entanglement properties of quantum many
... mixture of product states. Exchange correlations in Fermi and Bose ground states do not contribute to entanglement as a useful resource [16-19]; accordingly, a state described by a single Slater determinant or permanent is to be considered separable. Thus, in examining the entanglement of a many-bod ...
... mixture of product states. Exchange correlations in Fermi and Bose ground states do not contribute to entanglement as a useful resource [16-19]; accordingly, a state described by a single Slater determinant or permanent is to be considered separable. Thus, in examining the entanglement of a many-bod ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.