![Working Paper No. 326](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017229775_1-0afceb091733f13757ed3cf02a16d938-300x300.png)
Working Paper No. 326
... of the rest of Europe too embarked on the concerted Maastricht fiscal consolidation crusade - at the time of recession! Given the weakness of exports since 1990, this shift in fiscal stance would have required a significant (and pre-emptive!) easing of monetary stance to avoid a falling off in aggre ...
... of the rest of Europe too embarked on the concerted Maastricht fiscal consolidation crusade - at the time of recession! Given the weakness of exports since 1990, this shift in fiscal stance would have required a significant (and pre-emptive!) easing of monetary stance to avoid a falling off in aggre ...
chapter outline
... This assignment gives students a practical look at how price indices are measured. It also establishes base prices for calculating inflation rates later in the term. Instructions The students should pick real transaction prices for goods they actually purchase. If the indices will be used to calcula ...
... This assignment gives students a practical look at how price indices are measured. It also establishes base prices for calculating inflation rates later in the term. Instructions The students should pick real transaction prices for goods they actually purchase. If the indices will be used to calcula ...
(TZS) versus the US Dollar (USD) and other major world currenc
... Development Assistance (ODA) in terms of its link to the exchange rate patterns and gains as the level of ODA is not always constant. Donors recently aired their concerns with regards to the slow pace of economic and political reforms in Tanzania and made their intentions clear with respect to relea ...
... Development Assistance (ODA) in terms of its link to the exchange rate patterns and gains as the level of ODA is not always constant. Donors recently aired their concerns with regards to the slow pace of economic and political reforms in Tanzania and made their intentions clear with respect to relea ...
Stability and Transitions in Emerging Market Policy Rules
... Since there is a unique stable path, rational expectations converge to this. It ensures stability since it rules out explosive nominal paths of self-fulfilling inflation expectations. If for each one-percent increase in inflation, the central bank raises the nominal interest rate by more than one pe ...
... Since there is a unique stable path, rational expectations converge to this. It ensures stability since it rules out explosive nominal paths of self-fulfilling inflation expectations. If for each one-percent increase in inflation, the central bank raises the nominal interest rate by more than one pe ...
Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interact
... crowding-out? The Fed could use expansionary monetary policy; thus the government’s demand for funds would not result in an increase in interest rates. A. Are there certain conditions when the Fed should or should not prevent crowding-out? If the economy were experiencing a recession, the Fed would ...
... crowding-out? The Fed could use expansionary monetary policy; thus the government’s demand for funds would not result in an increase in interest rates. A. Are there certain conditions when the Fed should or should not prevent crowding-out? If the economy were experiencing a recession, the Fed would ...
1 - Griffith Research Online
... corner of the Arabian Peninsula. Oman is a small open economy that depends largely on oil revenues for financing investment projects. Over the past three decades, oil revenues allowed Oman to achieve an impressive growth record and high standards of living. For instance, over the period 1980-1990, O ...
... corner of the Arabian Peninsula. Oman is a small open economy that depends largely on oil revenues for financing investment projects. Over the past three decades, oil revenues allowed Oman to achieve an impressive growth record and high standards of living. For instance, over the period 1980-1990, O ...
the balance of payment problem in developing
... Causes of BOP Problems for Developing Countries BOP problem in developing countries is not caused by a single reason rather there are multi reasons due to which this problem take place. The main factors are discussed below: Central Banks do not hold the currency of a small developing country as rese ...
... Causes of BOP Problems for Developing Countries BOP problem in developing countries is not caused by a single reason rather there are multi reasons due to which this problem take place. The main factors are discussed below: Central Banks do not hold the currency of a small developing country as rese ...
Export Led Growth In South East Asia
... sustained appreciation in the real exchange rate till the early 1990’s. In fact, in real terms, the respective currencies have depreciated more or less steadily since the mid 1970’s. Interestingly, India’s currency has depreciated significantly since the 1980’s due to the fact that the policy makers ...
... sustained appreciation in the real exchange rate till the early 1990’s. In fact, in real terms, the respective currencies have depreciated more or less steadily since the mid 1970’s. Interestingly, India’s currency has depreciated significantly since the 1980’s due to the fact that the policy makers ...
Department of Land Economy
... Monetary Policy: ECB monetary policy was initially assigned a quantitative definition of price stability in the form of a 0-2 per cent target for the annual increase in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area. The ‘two-pillar’ monetary strategy was adopted from the beginning ...
... Monetary Policy: ECB monetary policy was initially assigned a quantitative definition of price stability in the form of a 0-2 per cent target for the annual increase in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area. The ‘two-pillar’ monetary strategy was adopted from the beginning ...
Presentation Outline
... – For BRICS: the sum of the number of capital control changes in other BRICS – For non-BRICS: the number of capital control changes in the regional BRICS country (i.e. Brazil for Latin-America, China/India for Asia, etc) ...
... – For BRICS: the sum of the number of capital control changes in other BRICS – For non-BRICS: the number of capital control changes in the regional BRICS country (i.e. Brazil for Latin-America, China/India for Asia, etc) ...
Chapter No. 4 - College of Business Administration @ Kuwait
... inflation and the result is the approximate number of years for the price level to double. If the inflation rate is 7 percent, then it will take about ten years for prices to double. (Note: You can also use this rule to calculate how long it takes savings to double at a given compounded interest rat ...
... inflation and the result is the approximate number of years for the price level to double. If the inflation rate is 7 percent, then it will take about ten years for prices to double. (Note: You can also use this rule to calculate how long it takes savings to double at a given compounded interest rat ...
Has Algeria suffered from the Dutch disease? Evidence from 1960
... appreciation of non-tradable goods further shifts resources out of the tradable goods sector into the non-tradable goods sector. The second effect, known as the "spending effect" or "indirect deindustrialization," stems from the fact that the boom brings in national income and hence increases deman ...
... appreciation of non-tradable goods further shifts resources out of the tradable goods sector into the non-tradable goods sector. The second effect, known as the "spending effect" or "indirect deindustrialization," stems from the fact that the boom brings in national income and hence increases deman ...
Lecture30(Ch27)
... Stage two: the interest rate is positively related to inflation • The Fed tends to – raise the interest rate when inflation rises and – lower the interest rate when inflation falls ...
... Stage two: the interest rate is positively related to inflation • The Fed tends to – raise the interest rate when inflation rises and – lower the interest rate when inflation falls ...
T esting for correlational and causality relationships between stock prices and macroeconomic variables-The case of Palestine Securities Exchange:
... companies, telecommunication services and financial services, they contribute for more than 80% of the total market capitalization, so these large companies are not engaged in international trade activities, since they are the dominants of the index, the index will not be influenced by the economy’s ...
... companies, telecommunication services and financial services, they contribute for more than 80% of the total market capitalization, so these large companies are not engaged in international trade activities, since they are the dominants of the index, the index will not be influenced by the economy’s ...
The Causes of Inflation and Deflation in Mainland China
... a linear combination of the world price level and unit labour cost, pursuant to the results of the co-integration analysis. The restriction c4 = 1-c3 is imposed to ensure dynamic homogeneity. To account for the endogeneity of future inflation, GMM is used to estimate the parameters. The point estima ...
... a linear combination of the world price level and unit labour cost, pursuant to the results of the co-integration analysis. The restriction c4 = 1-c3 is imposed to ensure dynamic homogeneity. To account for the endogeneity of future inflation, GMM is used to estimate the parameters. The point estima ...
Barry P. Bosworth CRR WP 2015-8 Submitted: October 2014
... and Saxena (2008) analyze financial crises for a large sample of 190 countries over the period of 1960 to 2000 and conclude that the crises have large and persistent effects on GDP extending out to a 10-year horizon. Furceri and Mourougane (2009) limit their analysis to a sample of 30 highincome OEC ...
... and Saxena (2008) analyze financial crises for a large sample of 190 countries over the period of 1960 to 2000 and conclude that the crises have large and persistent effects on GDP extending out to a 10-year horizon. Furceri and Mourougane (2009) limit their analysis to a sample of 30 highincome OEC ...
Sweden`s Approach to Monetary Policy
... 2001. The unusually big gap between the government’s gross and net liabilities largely reflects the accumulation of pension reserves. As the Swedish National Debt Office has discussed, the government’s fiscal policy implies an increased scarcity value for government bonds and will affect the governm ...
... 2001. The unusually big gap between the government’s gross and net liabilities largely reflects the accumulation of pension reserves. As the Swedish National Debt Office has discussed, the government’s fiscal policy implies an increased scarcity value for government bonds and will affect the governm ...
Inflation Fisher theory (Quantity Theory of Money)
... During inflation low income groups spend more and there is a fall in their saving because they need to spend large proportion of their income on basic needs, whereas, since high income groups spend small proportion of their income on necessities, so they save more to protect future value of their sa ...
... During inflation low income groups spend more and there is a fall in their saving because they need to spend large proportion of their income on basic needs, whereas, since high income groups spend small proportion of their income on necessities, so they save more to protect future value of their sa ...
MONETARY POLICY AND THE ECONOMY First
... On examining the structure of the Fed, you might naturally ask, “In which of the three branches of government does the Fed lie?” The answer is interesting. Although nominally a corporation owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Reserve is in practic ...
... On examining the structure of the Fed, you might naturally ask, “In which of the three branches of government does the Fed lie?” The answer is interesting. Although nominally a corporation owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Reserve is in practic ...
MONETARY POLICY AND THE ECONOMY First
... On examining the structure of the Fed, you might naturally ask, “In which of the three branches of government does the Fed lie?” The answer is interesting. Although nominally a corporation owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Reserve is in practic ...
... On examining the structure of the Fed, you might naturally ask, “In which of the three branches of government does the Fed lie?” The answer is interesting. Although nominally a corporation owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Reserve is in practic ...
a brief review of the monetary policies in the united states
... operate through the effects the monetary policy has on interest rates, exchange rates as well as bank lending. Recent research on the transmission mechanism seeks to understand how these channels work in the context of dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium model (DSGE). (Berentsen & Monnet, 2008; ...
... operate through the effects the monetary policy has on interest rates, exchange rates as well as bank lending. Recent research on the transmission mechanism seeks to understand how these channels work in the context of dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium model (DSGE). (Berentsen & Monnet, 2008; ...
Effectiveness of devaluation in achieving Internal and External
... between the unofficial and official rate also decreased compared to the period when the exchange rate was fixed. However during the fiscal year 2007/08 the rate of depreciation against other foreign currencies increased compared to the previous years. In the 2009/10 and September 2010/2011 the Ethio ...
... between the unofficial and official rate also decreased compared to the period when the exchange rate was fixed. However during the fiscal year 2007/08 the rate of depreciation against other foreign currencies increased compared to the previous years. In the 2009/10 and September 2010/2011 the Ethio ...
Stabilization Policy in the Closed Economy
... the size of the change in real GDP that would result from a change in a policy instrument. Dynamic Multipliers are the amount by which output is raised during each of several time periods after a given change in the policy instrument. Multiplier Uncertainty concerns the lack of firm knowledge regard ...
... the size of the change in real GDP that would result from a change in a policy instrument. Dynamic Multipliers are the amount by which output is raised during each of several time periods after a given change in the policy instrument. Multiplier Uncertainty concerns the lack of firm knowledge regard ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
... document the declining volatility of income over time—an important backdrop for the rest of our empirical analysis, in which the changing response of households and businesses to variation in income and cash flow figure prominently. The following three sections of the paper study, in turn, consumer ...
... document the declining volatility of income over time—an important backdrop for the rest of our empirical analysis, in which the changing response of households and businesses to variation in income and cash flow figure prominently. The following three sections of the paper study, in turn, consumer ...
short and long run Phillips curve
... workers’ wages are fixed for the short term, firms will be able to increase their profit margins since final output prices have risen but nominal wages are unchanged. Note that wage rates and wage increases were set when both employers and labourers anticipated 3% inflation! o ...
... workers’ wages are fixed for the short term, firms will be able to increase their profit margins since final output prices have risen but nominal wages are unchanged. Note that wage rates and wage increases were set when both employers and labourers anticipated 3% inflation! o ...