PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
... Records income and expenditure flows e.g. from trade and profits, interest and dividends on foreign owned assets ...
... Records income and expenditure flows e.g. from trade and profits, interest and dividends on foreign owned assets ...
Macroeconomic Policy Exercise set 9 1. Assume the classical
... dollars. Since only the US Federal Reserve can print US dollars, dollarization can be seen as a commitment to reduce the rate of nominal money growth in the dollarized economy to zero (or so to speak). Suppose that at time t a country whose money supply has grown at a constant 10% rate for a long ti ...
... dollars. Since only the US Federal Reserve can print US dollars, dollarization can be seen as a commitment to reduce the rate of nominal money growth in the dollarized economy to zero (or so to speak). Suppose that at time t a country whose money supply has grown at a constant 10% rate for a long ti ...
Monetary policy
... and by means of depreciation there will be an improvement in the balance of goods and services. Expansionary monetary policy will reduce unemployment and improve the balance of goods and services in the short period of time; as for the long term effect there is only an increase in inflation. ...
... and by means of depreciation there will be an improvement in the balance of goods and services. Expansionary monetary policy will reduce unemployment and improve the balance of goods and services in the short period of time; as for the long term effect there is only an increase in inflation. ...
Chapter 13 - Personal Home Pages
... mt‘s attempt at explaining this result of monetary expansion The increase in the money supply would initially → lower domestic interest rates, and so → cause capital outflows and depreciate the currency → raise net exports, increasing real output All this happens real quickly, so the graph (Fig. 13 ...
... mt‘s attempt at explaining this result of monetary expansion The increase in the money supply would initially → lower domestic interest rates, and so → cause capital outflows and depreciate the currency → raise net exports, increasing real output All this happens real quickly, so the graph (Fig. 13 ...
Lecture 2. Output, interest rates and exchange rates: the Mundell
... • Conditions under which a group of countries may join a fixed exchange rate regime or even adopt a common currency: – They must suffer similar demand shocks same policies in response (symmetric vs. asymmetric shocks); – If they suffer different shocks, they must have high input factors mobili ...
... • Conditions under which a group of countries may join a fixed exchange rate regime or even adopt a common currency: – They must suffer similar demand shocks same policies in response (symmetric vs. asymmetric shocks); – If they suffer different shocks, they must have high input factors mobili ...
Summary `monetary theory and policy II` Little
... undermining policy credibility and hence fueling inflationary expectations. Regaining credibility has proved difficult as it has typically required tight monetary policy and high unemployment. As a result, many economists now espouse the thesis that there should be no discretion in the conduct of mo ...
... undermining policy credibility and hence fueling inflationary expectations. Regaining credibility has proved difficult as it has typically required tight monetary policy and high unemployment. As a result, many economists now espouse the thesis that there should be no discretion in the conduct of mo ...
10. Economic and Monetary Union
... Participation in the ERM II is voluntary for the non eurozone MS. The exchange rate can fluctuate within a band, normally set at +/- 15% around the central rate. All other currencies are floating freely against the euro. ...
... Participation in the ERM II is voluntary for the non eurozone MS. The exchange rate can fluctuate within a band, normally set at +/- 15% around the central rate. All other currencies are floating freely against the euro. ...
Slide 1
... The Department of Finance had been borrowing dollars from the CB to finance some of its debt payments DOF also announced that the Philippines will limit sovereign borrowing and use more domestic debt. Although stemming the peso appreciation may be the main objective, it has a beneficial result o ...
... The Department of Finance had been borrowing dollars from the CB to finance some of its debt payments DOF also announced that the Philippines will limit sovereign borrowing and use more domestic debt. Although stemming the peso appreciation may be the main objective, it has a beneficial result o ...
Peru_en.pdf
... against a backdrop of falling private and public investment. GDP is expected to expand by 5% in 2015 on the strength of rising mining and fisheries output, private consumption and public and private investment. The current account recorded a deficit in 2014 as international mineral prices and export ...
... against a backdrop of falling private and public investment. GDP is expected to expand by 5% in 2015 on the strength of rising mining and fisheries output, private consumption and public and private investment. The current account recorded a deficit in 2014 as international mineral prices and export ...
1) An updated version of estimation of what is the actual Chinese
... reductions in net domestic assets, into negative territory if necessary. Historically some have tried this, but have only succeeded for a year or two. Over time, it gets harder to sterilize an inflow. Sterilization keeps domestic interest rates high. This prolongs the capital inflow, while in the me ...
... reductions in net domestic assets, into negative territory if necessary. Historically some have tried this, but have only succeeded for a year or two. Over time, it gets harder to sterilize an inflow. Sterilization keeps domestic interest rates high. This prolongs the capital inflow, while in the me ...
The Philippines: In Brief
... The Philippines: In Brief Land Area: 299,764 sq. km. Location: The Philippines is located at the heart of Southeast Asia. It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean on the east, the Celebes (sulawesi) Sea on the south, and the South China Sea on the West and North. Geography: Three main island groups: Lu ...
... The Philippines: In Brief Land Area: 299,764 sq. km. Location: The Philippines is located at the heart of Southeast Asia. It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean on the east, the Celebes (sulawesi) Sea on the south, and the South China Sea on the West and North. Geography: Three main island groups: Lu ...
Jamaica_en.pdf
... forestry and fishing. Meanwhile, positive growth in the services sector is expected to be broad-based. In the crucial hotel and restaurant sector, growth of no more than 2.6% is expected, as arrivals from the United States and Europe, the country’s two largest source markets, declined by 1.5% and 3. ...
... forestry and fishing. Meanwhile, positive growth in the services sector is expected to be broad-based. In the crucial hotel and restaurant sector, growth of no more than 2.6% is expected, as arrivals from the United States and Europe, the country’s two largest source markets, declined by 1.5% and 3. ...
An internationalised rupee? - Bank for International Settlements
... minimised output variance. But the nominal anchor disappeared until inflation targeting was adopted, and the inflation target replaced the exchange rate as the nominal anchor. It can be argued that, based on the Australian experience, currency internationalisation has minimised the terms of trade sh ...
... minimised output variance. But the nominal anchor disappeared until inflation targeting was adopted, and the inflation target replaced the exchange rate as the nominal anchor. It can be argued that, based on the Australian experience, currency internationalisation has minimised the terms of trade sh ...
Nicaragua_en.pdf
... Goods exports were down by 9.4%. Reduced external demand had a huge negative impact on exports from free trade zones, which shrank by 7.2%. Traditional exports were down by 11.2%, a result that was compounded by weather issues, such as altered rainfall patterns due to El Niño, and by the timing of t ...
... Goods exports were down by 9.4%. Reduced external demand had a huge negative impact on exports from free trade zones, which shrank by 7.2%. Traditional exports were down by 11.2%, a result that was compounded by weather issues, such as altered rainfall patterns due to El Niño, and by the timing of t ...
Venezuela_en.pdf
... As a result of the economic downturn, the unemployment rate rose to 8.1% in October 2009 from 7.2% a year earlier. Average real wages (in the first three quarters of the year) declined, on a year-on-year basis, by 5.5% in the private sector and by 8.2% in the public sector. ...
... As a result of the economic downturn, the unemployment rate rose to 8.1% in October 2009 from 7.2% a year earlier. Average real wages (in the first three quarters of the year) declined, on a year-on-year basis, by 5.5% in the private sector and by 8.2% in the public sector. ...
Midterm 3
... changes in domestic output will induce changes in imports sufficient to bring desired net exports equal to zero. d. changes in the domestic price level will make the country’s export products either more or less attractive in foreign markets, and set desired net exports equal to zero. e. nothing mak ...
... changes in domestic output will induce changes in imports sufficient to bring desired net exports equal to zero. d. changes in the domestic price level will make the country’s export products either more or less attractive in foreign markets, and set desired net exports equal to zero. e. nothing mak ...
The Devaluation of the Yuan* Prabhat Patnaik
... this is now being removed. In addition, the currency price fluctuations, all of which do not move up or down synchronously, make profitability calculations much more difficult, and hence increase the risks of investment. For these reasons, again as in the 1930s, when “beggar-my-neighbour” policies w ...
... this is now being removed. In addition, the currency price fluctuations, all of which do not move up or down synchronously, make profitability calculations much more difficult, and hence increase the risks of investment. For these reasons, again as in the 1930s, when “beggar-my-neighbour” policies w ...
Amy Chapman, Gordonstoun School
... • C To assess what explains the recent movements in the pound sterling we need to look at what influences the demand and supply of the currency. • C Three main factors are speculation, relative interest rates and relative inflation rates. ...
... • C To assess what explains the recent movements in the pound sterling we need to look at what influences the demand and supply of the currency. • C Three main factors are speculation, relative interest rates and relative inflation rates. ...
Argentina
... 6% of Deposit Base Withdrawn in 2 Days Deposits fell from $85B to $15B by July 2002 ...
... 6% of Deposit Base Withdrawn in 2 Days Deposits fell from $85B to $15B by July 2002 ...
Correction
... b. In 2009-2010, Ireland, Greece and Portugal all started fiscal austerity measures. What are the expected effects on their own GDP? What are the expected effects on output in France, Germany and the US? Fiscal austerity = negative shock to aggregate demand and thus contractionary if prices are rigi ...
... b. In 2009-2010, Ireland, Greece and Portugal all started fiscal austerity measures. What are the expected effects on their own GDP? What are the expected effects on output in France, Germany and the US? Fiscal austerity = negative shock to aggregate demand and thus contractionary if prices are rigi ...
PDF Download
... Unless all economic history is repealed, further adjustment of these global imbalances is inevitable. The key question is whether it will occur wholly through market forces, including the “political market” for trade protection, or at least partly through preemptive policy actions by the major count ...
... Unless all economic history is repealed, further adjustment of these global imbalances is inevitable. The key question is whether it will occur wholly through market forces, including the “political market” for trade protection, or at least partly through preemptive policy actions by the major count ...
Multiple-choicefrågor till tentamen i makroekonomi to 27 april 2006
... 1. If the CPI (=consumper price index) in 2006 was 100 and in 2007 was 104.5, and your nominal hourly wage was 110 kronor in 2006 and was 112 in 2007. What was the inflation rate between 2006 and 2007? By how many percent did the nominal wage increase? How the real wage develop, in percentage terms. ...
... 1. If the CPI (=consumper price index) in 2006 was 100 and in 2007 was 104.5, and your nominal hourly wage was 110 kronor in 2006 and was 112 in 2007. What was the inflation rate between 2006 and 2007? By how many percent did the nominal wage increase? How the real wage develop, in percentage terms. ...
Slide 1
... Balance of payments accounting Helps us keep track of both changes in a country’s indebtedness to foreigners and the fortunes of its export- and import-competing industries ...
... Balance of payments accounting Helps us keep track of both changes in a country’s indebtedness to foreigners and the fortunes of its export- and import-competing industries ...
viii. models of exchange rate determination
... inflation. Models of devaluation include those where the price of internationally traded goods in terms of nontraded goods is central. A major overall theme is the implications of increased integration of global financial markets. Another is countries’ choice of monetary regime, especially the degre ...
... inflation. Models of devaluation include those where the price of internationally traded goods in terms of nontraded goods is central. A major overall theme is the implications of increased integration of global financial markets. Another is countries’ choice of monetary regime, especially the degre ...