Presentation
... Once the fiscal envelope is determined: Expenditure policy: composition of spending, efficiency and equity issues, scope for ...
... Once the fiscal envelope is determined: Expenditure policy: composition of spending, efficiency and equity issues, scope for ...
Bolivia_en.pdf
... d A negative rate indicates an appreciation of the currency in real terms. e Year-on-year average variation, January to October. f Annual average of rates on transactions in dollars. g Average from January to October, annualized. ...
... d A negative rate indicates an appreciation of the currency in real terms. e Year-on-year average variation, January to October. f Annual average of rates on transactions in dollars. g Average from January to October, annualized. ...
... small and medium-sized businesses for expansion or restructuring, given the limited availability of commercial bank instruments for such businesses. This facility is expected to provide a slight boost to the sluggish Barbadian economy. Although international reserves (US$ 976.7 million in September) ...
Macroeconomic Goals and Instruments Macroeconomics
... Incomes policies are government attempts to moderate inflation by direct steps (legislated wage, price controls). Incomes policies are the most contraversial of all macroeconomic ...
... Incomes policies are government attempts to moderate inflation by direct steps (legislated wage, price controls). Incomes policies are the most contraversial of all macroeconomic ...
pptx - Tony Yates
... • We realised that IF we were prepared to write the LR impact matrix as a lower triangular cholesky factor [and therefore restrict some long run impacts=0]…. • We could get an expression for this cholesky factor in terms of things we know from ...
... • We realised that IF we were prepared to write the LR impact matrix as a lower triangular cholesky factor [and therefore restrict some long run impacts=0]…. • We could get an expression for this cholesky factor in terms of things we know from ...
Homework 3
... 2. Assume that the demand for M1 in Hong Kong was given by the equation PQ . Hong Kong’s central bank, the Hong Kong monetary M 1D 2 100i authority operates a fixed exchange rate. This implies that the interest rate in Hong Kong will be determined by the US interest rate denoted i*. Thus, a credib ...
... 2. Assume that the demand for M1 in Hong Kong was given by the equation PQ . Hong Kong’s central bank, the Hong Kong monetary M 1D 2 100i authority operates a fixed exchange rate. This implies that the interest rate in Hong Kong will be determined by the US interest rate denoted i*. Thus, a credib ...
Paraguay_en.pdf
... below target levels, the Committee for Open Market Operations and Reserves (CEOMA) of Paraguay’s Central Bank has maintained the monetary policy interest rate at 5.5% since August 2012. By October, the nominal exchange rate of the guaraní against the dollar reflected a 6.1% depreciation on levels re ...
... below target levels, the Committee for Open Market Operations and Reserves (CEOMA) of Paraguay’s Central Bank has maintained the monetary policy interest rate at 5.5% since August 2012. By October, the nominal exchange rate of the guaraní against the dollar reflected a 6.1% depreciation on levels re ...
Inflation targeting in the Armenian context
... the Armenian context King Banaian, David Kemme and Grigor Sargsyan AIPRG conference, 4/21/06 ...
... the Armenian context King Banaian, David Kemme and Grigor Sargsyan AIPRG conference, 4/21/06 ...
1600547EE_Argentina_en PDF - CEPAL
... expected to generate a saving of 1.5% of GDP, and the reduction of public-sector employment. Public-sector spending did slow relative to resources in the early months of the year. In the first third of 2016, national public-sector revenues grew by 29.4% and primary spending by 24.0%. This involved a ...
... expected to generate a saving of 1.5% of GDP, and the reduction of public-sector employment. Public-sector spending did slow relative to resources in the early months of the year. In the first third of 2016, national public-sector revenues grew by 29.4% and primary spending by 24.0%. This involved a ...
Colombia_en.pdf
... deterioration in the terms of trade and the falling value of coffee, coal and ferronickel exports, led to a slowdown in Colombia’s exports. In the year until September 2013, negative growth was seen in both exports (-2.6%) and total imports (-0.4%), the latter as a result of falling purchases of man ...
... deterioration in the terms of trade and the falling value of coffee, coal and ferronickel exports, led to a slowdown in Colombia’s exports. In the year until September 2013, negative growth was seen in both exports (-2.6%) and total imports (-0.4%), the latter as a result of falling purchases of man ...
us dollar - Mises Institute
... October 2013 (SWIFT, 2013). The latest figures for the first quarter of 2014 show the world’s central banks retaining their confidence in the greenback as a store of value, holding 61 percent of their foreign exchange reserves in U.S. dollars, not much different from where that proportion was back i ...
... October 2013 (SWIFT, 2013). The latest figures for the first quarter of 2014 show the world’s central banks retaining their confidence in the greenback as a store of value, holding 61 percent of their foreign exchange reserves in U.S. dollars, not much different from where that proportion was back i ...
Unemployment since 2000 GDP growth Inflation since 1920 UK
... rate of change of the consumer price index). Figure 3 shows the time path for this since 2004. The government has set a target for the inflation rate of 2% per annum, and the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England has responsibility for meeting the target. The main instrument for achieving ...
... rate of change of the consumer price index). Figure 3 shows the time path for this since 2004. The government has set a target for the inflation rate of 2% per annum, and the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England has responsibility for meeting the target. The main instrument for achieving ...
To view this press release as a file
... low interest rates and continuing the injection of liquidity into European markets. The exchange rate: The shekel strengthened against the euro and weakened against the dollar; however, it remained stable in terms of its nominal-effective exchange rate, though it depreciated somewhat towards the end ...
... low interest rates and continuing the injection of liquidity into European markets. The exchange rate: The shekel strengthened against the euro and weakened against the dollar; however, it remained stable in terms of its nominal-effective exchange rate, though it depreciated somewhat towards the end ...
ch21-OCA-EMU
... more freely within the EU after 1992 and 1999. • But capital mobility without labor mobility can make the economic stability loss greater. – After a reduction of aggregate demand in a particular EU country, financial assets could be easily transferred elsewhere while labor is ...
... more freely within the EU after 1992 and 1999. • But capital mobility without labor mobility can make the economic stability loss greater. – After a reduction of aggregate demand in a particular EU country, financial assets could be easily transferred elsewhere while labor is ...
Argentina_en.pdf
... 2010), although a certain decline in the GDP elasticity of imports is expected. Exports grew by 25% during the same period. Investment payments, in particular profit and dividend remittances by foreign companies to their parent corporations (which held steady at about 10% of the value of exports), a ...
... 2010), although a certain decline in the GDP elasticity of imports is expected. Exports grew by 25% during the same period. Investment payments, in particular profit and dividend remittances by foreign companies to their parent corporations (which held steady at about 10% of the value of exports), a ...
Working Paper
... than the ”outs”. When the pegging is done by a country with a relatively more flexible labor market and with more volatile productivity. And in the presence of negative correlation in productivity across countries. Based on the obtained relationship between country characteristics and volatility, we ...
... than the ”outs”. When the pegging is done by a country with a relatively more flexible labor market and with more volatile productivity. And in the presence of negative correlation in productivity across countries. Based on the obtained relationship between country characteristics and volatility, we ...
Simple Rules for Open Economies John B. Taylor
... • Of course, try to improve whatever parts need to be improved including risk premia and bank credit flows • Need more work on “political macroeconomics.” – First need to explain why some did not follow the recommendations. – Practical solutions should then follow. ...
... • Of course, try to improve whatever parts need to be improved including risk premia and bank credit flows • Need more work on “political macroeconomics.” – First need to explain why some did not follow the recommendations. – Practical solutions should then follow. ...
Macroeconomics
... objectives • Distinction between microeconomics and macroeconomics • The major macroeconomic issues – Economic growth – Unemployment – Inflation – Balance of payments and exchange rates • balance of payments deficits and surpluses • exchange rate movements www.lrjj.cn ...
... objectives • Distinction between microeconomics and macroeconomics • The major macroeconomic issues – Economic growth – Unemployment – Inflation – Balance of payments and exchange rates • balance of payments deficits and surpluses • exchange rate movements www.lrjj.cn ...
Talk: Exchange Rates
... The exchange rate can move for many other reasons than changes in the domestic interest rate. Expectations play a large role in the determination of the exchange rate. Flexible exchange rate may be subject to large fluctuations which, in turn, require large movements in the interest rate which can m ...
... The exchange rate can move for many other reasons than changes in the domestic interest rate. Expectations play a large role in the determination of the exchange rate. Flexible exchange rate may be subject to large fluctuations which, in turn, require large movements in the interest rate which can m ...
A Course on Open Economy Macroeconomics, Aalto
... end up with more or less than the $1 you started out with? Exercise 2 Economists would expect the rate of return in Ex1 to be quite small. Explain why? (Hint: think what would happen if there were a big return?) US Dollar JPN Yen NA Rupiah ...
... end up with more or less than the $1 you started out with? Exercise 2 Economists would expect the rate of return in Ex1 to be quite small. Explain why? (Hint: think what would happen if there were a big return?) US Dollar JPN Yen NA Rupiah ...
Country outlook
... in 2006. In addition, rising interest rates are likely to slow the house price boom and could even push house and financial asset prices downwards. The stabilisation of property prices at the very least will end the surge of household equity withdrawal that has helped to fund much of consumer spendi ...
... in 2006. In addition, rising interest rates are likely to slow the house price boom and could even push house and financial asset prices downwards. The stabilisation of property prices at the very least will end the surge of household equity withdrawal that has helped to fund much of consumer spendi ...
Chapter 1
... since they affect the amount of money that each individual has. As a result, what passes for “facts” is often weighted by personal bias. • As a result, whenever possible, we try and test theories to see if they agree with the existing facts. ...
... since they affect the amount of money that each individual has. As a result, what passes for “facts” is often weighted by personal bias. • As a result, whenever possible, we try and test theories to see if they agree with the existing facts. ...
Trinidad_and_Tobago_en.pdf
... curbing inflation. Since then, however, the aim of both fiscal and monetary policy has been to boost economic activity. The new policy mix, as well as the quasi-fixed exchange rate regime, is expected to remain in place in 2010 with a view to maintain the stability of the nominal exchange rate with ...
... curbing inflation. Since then, however, the aim of both fiscal and monetary policy has been to boost economic activity. The new policy mix, as well as the quasi-fixed exchange rate regime, is expected to remain in place in 2010 with a view to maintain the stability of the nominal exchange rate with ...
14.02 Macroeconomics May 18, 2006 Practice Question: Mundell-Fleming Model Managing Vermont’s Economy
... Y : Vermont’s Real GDP Y U S : Real GDP of the US T : Vermont’s Taxes i : Vermont’s nominal interest rate iU S : Nominal interest rate of the US E : VT$ in terms of US$ E e : Expected future VT$ in terms of US$ M : Vermont’s stock of money in circulation The only trading partner of Vermont is the US ...
... Y : Vermont’s Real GDP Y U S : Real GDP of the US T : Vermont’s Taxes i : Vermont’s nominal interest rate iU S : Nominal interest rate of the US E : VT$ in terms of US$ E e : Expected future VT$ in terms of US$ M : Vermont’s stock of money in circulation The only trading partner of Vermont is the US ...