Inflation Notes
... The German hyperinflation had its roots in the Treaty of Versailles, where the victorious allied nations imposed impossible war "reparation" payments on Germany. Faced with financial debts beyond its economic capacity to generate the required amount of payment, the German government started printin ...
... The German hyperinflation had its roots in the Treaty of Versailles, where the victorious allied nations imposed impossible war "reparation" payments on Germany. Faced with financial debts beyond its economic capacity to generate the required amount of payment, the German government started printin ...
economic growth
... If there were to be an increase in aggregate demand from AD1 to AD2 then the deflationary gap could be removed and there would be an increase in real output from Y1 to Y2 = Yf. This would be the equivalent to the movement from “a” to “b”. The increase in real output is an increase in real GDP, so t ...
... If there were to be an increase in aggregate demand from AD1 to AD2 then the deflationary gap could be removed and there would be an increase in real output from Y1 to Y2 = Yf. This would be the equivalent to the movement from “a” to “b”. The increase in real output is an increase in real GDP, so t ...
September 13, 2013 | Where`s the Juice for Economic Growth?
... frozen with fear. A consensus felt problems were numerous, overwhelming, and unsolvable. The adopted simile that 2008 was like the Great Depression ensured paralyzing fears would hold back any attempt at recovery. As illustrated by Chart 15, this stage of confidence would last until late 2012. Durin ...
... frozen with fear. A consensus felt problems were numerous, overwhelming, and unsolvable. The adopted simile that 2008 was like the Great Depression ensured paralyzing fears would hold back any attempt at recovery. As illustrated by Chart 15, this stage of confidence would last until late 2012. Durin ...
Chapter 2 Measuring economic activity - ycampbell
... A government may spend less than it takes in – a budget surplus is the result. ...
... A government may spend less than it takes in – a budget surplus is the result. ...
inflation and unemployment slide show a2 2009 - burgate
... buying spree, and is prepared to pay top-dollar to get its hands on the oil it needs. But it is more than a slight exaggeration to say China is to blame for $70 a barrel oil prices. ‘ ...
... buying spree, and is prepared to pay top-dollar to get its hands on the oil it needs. But it is more than a slight exaggeration to say China is to blame for $70 a barrel oil prices. ‘ ...
Discussion - Reserve Bank of Australia
... through macroeconomic policy or is it really in the microeconomic details of labour markets where answers lie? The second issue is the key difference between an open economy and a closed economy in how the labour market should be modelled. Both papers conclude that macroeconomic changes such as real ...
... through macroeconomic policy or is it really in the microeconomic details of labour markets where answers lie? The second issue is the key difference between an open economy and a closed economy in how the labour market should be modelled. Both papers conclude that macroeconomic changes such as real ...
Measurement Of Macroeconomic Variables
... 2. An alternate model explains that the AS curve increases because some nominal input prices are fixed in the short-run and as output rises, more production processes encounter bottlenecks. At low levels of demand, large numbers of production processes do not make full use of their fixed capital equ ...
... 2. An alternate model explains that the AS curve increases because some nominal input prices are fixed in the short-run and as output rises, more production processes encounter bottlenecks. At low levels of demand, large numbers of production processes do not make full use of their fixed capital equ ...
Aggregate Supply and Demand
... can be large or small, depending largely on movements in money supply Figure 5-12 shows a set of AS and AD curves for the period 1970-2000 ...
... can be large or small, depending largely on movements in money supply Figure 5-12 shows a set of AS and AD curves for the period 1970-2000 ...
ECONOMIC INSIGHT MONTHLY BRIEFING FROM ICAEW’S ECONOMIC ADVISERS ApRIL 2012
... at a quarter-on-quarter rate of 0.3% in Q4 2011, down from previous estimates of 0.2%. The latest data also showed a 0.2% decline in real (ie, inflation adjusted) household disposable incomes in the final quarter of 2011 compared with Q3 2011, meaning that household spending power continued to fall ...
... at a quarter-on-quarter rate of 0.3% in Q4 2011, down from previous estimates of 0.2%. The latest data also showed a 0.2% decline in real (ie, inflation adjusted) household disposable incomes in the final quarter of 2011 compared with Q3 2011, meaning that household spending power continued to fall ...
economic insiGht MIDDLE EAST Quarterly briefing Q3 2012 Global economy stutters into the
... offer timely indicators of real economic activity. The June data illustrated in Figure 1 show that the number of vessels passing through the Suez Canal stood 9.4% lower than in June 2011, the steepest annual decline in vessels travelling through since November 2009 – when the effects of the 2008–9 g ...
... offer timely indicators of real economic activity. The June data illustrated in Figure 1 show that the number of vessels passing through the Suez Canal stood 9.4% lower than in June 2011, the steepest annual decline in vessels travelling through since November 2009 – when the effects of the 2008–9 g ...
Outlook for Economic Activity and Prices (April 2017, The Bank`s
... bullish expectations in asset markets or in the activities of financial institutions. Furthermore, prolonged downward pressure on financial institutions' profits under the continued low interest rate environment could create risks of a gradual pullback in financial intermediation and of destabilizin ...
... bullish expectations in asset markets or in the activities of financial institutions. Furthermore, prolonged downward pressure on financial institutions' profits under the continued low interest rate environment could create risks of a gradual pullback in financial intermediation and of destabilizin ...
1Introduction to the New Zealand economy
... size of its cattle industry, Soviet grain imports rose very significantly from the West. The result of all these factors was a temporary ‘world food crisis’. The 1971–73 agricultural commodity price boom did not last. Meat prices fell back to more normal levels, causing the terms of trade to fall ...
... size of its cattle industry, Soviet grain imports rose very significantly from the West. The result of all these factors was a temporary ‘world food crisis’. The 1971–73 agricultural commodity price boom did not last. Meat prices fell back to more normal levels, causing the terms of trade to fall ...
Lahore School of Economics
... quantities or the new ‘relative imprtance’ placed by the consumers on the respective goods. This gets us rid of the substitution bias but underestimates the increase in the cost of living. 4. Citizens of the country of Heehaw produce hay and provide entertainment services (banjo playing). In 1993, t ...
... quantities or the new ‘relative imprtance’ placed by the consumers on the respective goods. This gets us rid of the substitution bias but underestimates the increase in the cost of living. 4. Citizens of the country of Heehaw produce hay and provide entertainment services (banjo playing). In 1993, t ...
The Aggregate Production Function
... yields a smaller increase in productivity than the one before. 3. Growth accounting, which estimates the contribution of each factor to a country’s economic growth, has shown that rising total factor productivity is key to long-run growth. It is usually interpreted as the effect of technological pro ...
... yields a smaller increase in productivity than the one before. 3. Growth accounting, which estimates the contribution of each factor to a country’s economic growth, has shown that rising total factor productivity is key to long-run growth. It is usually interpreted as the effect of technological pro ...
Economic Fluctuations and Growth: An Empirical Study of the Malaysian Economy
... signs of recovery, with a GDP growth rate of over five per cent for this two-year period. However, behind the illusion, in 1985, the economy plunged into its first recession since independence. As a consequence, the economic growth recorded in 1985 was negative 1.1 per cent. This recession was cause ...
... signs of recovery, with a GDP growth rate of over five per cent for this two-year period. However, behind the illusion, in 1985, the economy plunged into its first recession since independence. As a consequence, the economic growth recorded in 1985 was negative 1.1 per cent. This recession was cause ...
Global economic growth * The outlook for the Australian resources
... The oil price is a bit like the blood pressure of the global economy, with higher prices inducing economic stress. In the 1970s, sudden supply reductions led to extreme price shocks. World crude oil expenditure jumped from about 1 per cent of global GDP to 4 per cent. The market rebalanced by reduci ...
... The oil price is a bit like the blood pressure of the global economy, with higher prices inducing economic stress. In the 1970s, sudden supply reductions led to extreme price shocks. World crude oil expenditure jumped from about 1 per cent of global GDP to 4 per cent. The market rebalanced by reduci ...
Purchasing Managers` (PMI) Composite Output Index 采购经理人
... an indicator produced by Markit Group and the Institute for Supply Management of financial activity reflecting the index of purchasing managers' acquisition of goods and services. ...
... an indicator produced by Markit Group and the Institute for Supply Management of financial activity reflecting the index of purchasing managers' acquisition of goods and services. ...
Ch. 31 Notes - Solon City Schools
... • Remember AD = C+I+G+Nx • So if any component of AD increases or decreases independently of PL, then AD shifts • C : want to save more or less, stock market boom increases wealth, increase or decrease in taxes paid • I : invest in new technology, optimism or pessimism about future, increase or decr ...
... • Remember AD = C+I+G+Nx • So if any component of AD increases or decreases independently of PL, then AD shifts • C : want to save more or less, stock market boom increases wealth, increase or decrease in taxes paid • I : invest in new technology, optimism or pessimism about future, increase or decr ...
Chapter 9 (6 spp) - N. Meltem Daysal
... exogenous decrease in velocity • If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
... exogenous decrease in velocity • If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
How Fast Has Real GDP per Person Grown?
... Summary: Key Points in the Article A depression is defined as a severe recession. But what constitutes severe? Since the Great Depression of the 1930s we have had short-lived and relatively shallow downturns in economic activity. But many forecasters and pundits are throwing the term 'depression' a ...
... Summary: Key Points in the Article A depression is defined as a severe recession. But what constitutes severe? Since the Great Depression of the 1930s we have had short-lived and relatively shallow downturns in economic activity. But many forecasters and pundits are throwing the term 'depression' a ...
PRESENTATION 2. Aggregate supply
... Horizontal Е = ∞ - from U to V – the firms are willing to increase production at the current price level; the economy operates at excess capacity Shallow Е > from V to W – output rises faster than the price level E = 1 – point W – the economy operates at full capacity on the Institutional PPF and pr ...
... Horizontal Е = ∞ - from U to V – the firms are willing to increase production at the current price level; the economy operates at excess capacity Shallow Е > from V to W – output rises faster than the price level E = 1 – point W – the economy operates at full capacity on the Institutional PPF and pr ...
Lecture 1: Cross-country income differences 1 National accounts
... in the sample. Restuccia and Urrutia (2001) find that the relative price of investment goods (in terms of consumption goods) differ across countries from about 1 in rich countries (this is a normalization) to about 6 in very poor countries. Do these higher prices translate into lower rates of investm ...
... in the sample. Restuccia and Urrutia (2001) find that the relative price of investment goods (in terms of consumption goods) differ across countries from about 1 in rich countries (this is a normalization) to about 6 in very poor countries. Do these higher prices translate into lower rates of investm ...
the Accumulation Process in the Period of Globalisation
... the bulk of the workers do not have wages indexed to prices, is one that hurts the working masses. Keynes (1930) had called this latter kind of inflation “profit inflation”, and had recognised it as a phenomenon of great importance under capitalism. In situations where supply could not be rapidly au ...
... the bulk of the workers do not have wages indexed to prices, is one that hurts the working masses. Keynes (1930) had called this latter kind of inflation “profit inflation”, and had recognised it as a phenomenon of great importance under capitalism. In situations where supply could not be rapidly au ...
Long Depression
The Long Depression was a worldwide price recession, beginning in 1873 and running through the spring of 1879. It was the most severe in Europe and the United States, which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War. The episode was labeled the ""Great Depression"" at the time, and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s. Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction, it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression.It was most notable in Western Europe and North America, at least in part because reliable data from the period are most readily available in those parts of the world. The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe. While it was occurring, the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873–96.In the United States, economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873–79, kicked off by the Panic of 1873, and followed by the Panic of 1893, book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression. The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879. At 65 months, it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER, eclipsing the Great Depression's 43 months of contraction.In the US, from 1873–1879, 18,000 businesses went bankrupt, including 89 railroads. Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt. Unemployment peaked in 1878, long after the panic ended. Different sources peg the peak unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25% to 14%.