Regional Economics
... Knowledge-rich regions with an institutional environment conducive to the creation and transmission of new ideas will have a continuning advantage over less well-endowed regions which depend far more on acquiring technical change through purchasing capital equipment from other regions. ...
... Knowledge-rich regions with an institutional environment conducive to the creation and transmission of new ideas will have a continuning advantage over less well-endowed regions which depend far more on acquiring technical change through purchasing capital equipment from other regions. ...
economic insight MIDDLE EAST Quarterly briefing Q4 2012
... Middle East is that global economic growth has slowed to a crawl. Key emerging markets have joined the advanced economies in posting significantly slower economic expansion. In China, the annual rate of growth dipped to its slowest level since the midst of the global recession in Q2 2009; in India g ...
... Middle East is that global economic growth has slowed to a crawl. Key emerging markets have joined the advanced economies in posting significantly slower economic expansion. In China, the annual rate of growth dipped to its slowest level since the midst of the global recession in Q2 2009; in India g ...
An Economic Perspective on the Natural Resource Curse and Its
... • In practice the price paid to cocoa & coffee farmers was always below the world price. – As a result, production fell. ...
... • In practice the price paid to cocoa & coffee farmers was always below the world price. – As a result, production fell. ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 9: Intro to Economic Fluctuations
... If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
... If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
short-run AS curve
... level of input prices will adjust to the increase in final goods prices. The short-run AS curve will shift upward, and the economy will move up and to the left along AD1 until it reaches a new equilibrium at E3. As it does so, the price level of final goods will continue to rise, the output ...
... level of input prices will adjust to the increase in final goods prices. The short-run AS curve will shift upward, and the economy will move up and to the left along AD1 until it reaches a new equilibrium at E3. As it does so, the price level of final goods will continue to rise, the output ...
eurozone and the low inflation risk - SEA
... spending in order to support their investments. This is an auto-correcting mechanism that helps the economy recover through stagflation. That means starting with a reduced economic growth and a relatively high level of inflation, but avoiding a prolonged period of economic decline. According to Keen ...
... spending in order to support their investments. This is an auto-correcting mechanism that helps the economy recover through stagflation. That means starting with a reduced economic growth and a relatively high level of inflation, but avoiding a prolonged period of economic decline. According to Keen ...
MS Word - U of T : Economics
... impossible (in the short run). Keynes, writing during the Great Depression years, argued that underemployment of resources was more often the normal state; and that an increase in monetized spending would induce the productive employment of further resources, resulting in an increased output and tra ...
... impossible (in the short run). Keynes, writing during the Great Depression years, argued that underemployment of resources was more often the normal state; and that an increase in monetized spending would induce the productive employment of further resources, resulting in an increased output and tra ...
Mark Vitner`s presentation
... Wells Fargo Securities Economics Group publications are produced by Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, a U.S broker-dealer registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and the Securities Investor Protection Corp. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, dis ...
... Wells Fargo Securities Economics Group publications are produced by Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, a U.S broker-dealer registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and the Securities Investor Protection Corp. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, dis ...
Monetary policy
... lending to each other ... There was a silent run on major financial institutions. • In October 2008, Congress passed the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), under which the Treasury attempted to stabilize the commercial banking system by providing funds to banks in exchange for stock. Taking parti ...
... lending to each other ... There was a silent run on major financial institutions. • In October 2008, Congress passed the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), under which the Treasury attempted to stabilize the commercial banking system by providing funds to banks in exchange for stock. Taking parti ...
FRBSF L CONOMIC
... reflected heightened uncertainty and a weakened financial system following the mortgage meltdown and financial panic. This very low value of the natural interest rate measures the “headwinds” that are holding back the economy. The effect is similar to, but much more severe than, the experience of th ...
... reflected heightened uncertainty and a weakened financial system following the mortgage meltdown and financial panic. This very low value of the natural interest rate measures the “headwinds” that are holding back the economy. The effect is similar to, but much more severe than, the experience of th ...
HW8_ANS
... (within a few months) to restore equilibrium in the face of a shock, while Keynesians believe that prices adjust slowly, taking perhaps several years. Because of the time it takes for the economy’s equilibrium to be restored, Keynesians see an important role for the government in fighting recessions ...
... (within a few months) to restore equilibrium in the face of a shock, while Keynesians believe that prices adjust slowly, taking perhaps several years. Because of the time it takes for the economy’s equilibrium to be restored, Keynesians see an important role for the government in fighting recessions ...
The Brazilian Depression in the 1980s and 1990s
... economic activity during 1974-1990 which, despite the deep structural reforms in the 1990s, per capita GDP remained still 20% below its trend in 1990. The quantitative assessments presented by the authors strongly suggest that the total factor productivity-based neoclassical growth model can appropr ...
... economic activity during 1974-1990 which, despite the deep structural reforms in the 1990s, per capita GDP remained still 20% below its trend in 1990. The quantitative assessments presented by the authors strongly suggest that the total factor productivity-based neoclassical growth model can appropr ...
From the Short Run to the Long Run
... • In the 1930s Alvin Hansen, argued the economy suffered fro secular stagnation. According to this theory, there was not enough aggregate demand to bring the economy t full employment and the natural adjustment process would not work as interest rate could not fall enough. • The only remedy was gove ...
... • In the 1930s Alvin Hansen, argued the economy suffered fro secular stagnation. According to this theory, there was not enough aggregate demand to bring the economy t full employment and the natural adjustment process would not work as interest rate could not fall enough. • The only remedy was gove ...
Economic stagnation in Japan
... economic growth in the industrial world during 1960-73, averaging 9.6 percent real GDP growth annually compared with 4.9 percent for the entire OECD area. Unemployment rates were very low in Japan, averaging just 1.3 percent over the period compared with 3.2 percent in the OECD area, although inflat ...
... economic growth in the industrial world during 1960-73, averaging 9.6 percent real GDP growth annually compared with 4.9 percent for the entire OECD area. Unemployment rates were very low in Japan, averaging just 1.3 percent over the period compared with 3.2 percent in the OECD area, although inflat ...
Detailed solutions to multiple choices of PS #2
... year, is that economic situations now and later are independent. Otherwise, if recession now is related to recession tomorrow, agents can also predict/expect that because of the rational expectations. In other words, under rational expectations agents do not make systematic mistakes. The only reason ...
... year, is that economic situations now and later are independent. Otherwise, if recession now is related to recession tomorrow, agents can also predict/expect that because of the rational expectations. In other words, under rational expectations agents do not make systematic mistakes. The only reason ...
NCEA Level 2 Economics (91224) 2015
... Detailed explanation of the impact of climate change on economic growth, with reference to Graph Three. (e.g. The increased spending by households, businesses, and the Government will increase consumption, investment, and government spending. All of these are components of AD, and, therefore, AD wil ...
... Detailed explanation of the impact of climate change on economic growth, with reference to Graph Three. (e.g. The increased spending by households, businesses, and the Government will increase consumption, investment, and government spending. All of these are components of AD, and, therefore, AD wil ...
NCEA Level 2 Economics (91224) 2015 Assessment
... Detailed explanation of the impact of climate change on economic growth, with reference to Graph Three. (e.g. The increased spending by households, businesses, and the Government will increase consumption, investment, and government spending. All of these are components of AD, and, therefore, AD wil ...
... Detailed explanation of the impact of climate change on economic growth, with reference to Graph Three. (e.g. The increased spending by households, businesses, and the Government will increase consumption, investment, and government spending. All of these are components of AD, and, therefore, AD wil ...
Fiscal Policy in the Shadow of the Great Depression
... Before the Great Depression the U.S. government did not have a fiscal policy, at least not in the sense that economists have meant for the past two generations. The government did not attempt to tune its deficit or surplus to achieve the goal of full employment or low inflation. This is not to say t ...
... Before the Great Depression the U.S. government did not have a fiscal policy, at least not in the sense that economists have meant for the past two generations. The government did not attempt to tune its deficit or surplus to achieve the goal of full employment or low inflation. This is not to say t ...
FDR`s Legacy of Can-Do Government
... spreading national catastrophe that was grinding into its fourth year. America was suffering through what would be the longest and most severe economic depression ever experienced in the industrialized Western world, lasting until 1939 by most accounts. The Great Depression originated in the U.S. in ...
... spreading national catastrophe that was grinding into its fourth year. America was suffering through what would be the longest and most severe economic depression ever experienced in the industrialized Western world, lasting until 1939 by most accounts. The Great Depression originated in the U.S. in ...
Long run equilibrium
... Resource prices, interest rates rise SRAS shifts left Return to full employment, normal profits Price level permanently higher ...
... Resource prices, interest rates rise SRAS shifts left Return to full employment, normal profits Price level permanently higher ...
Classical economists assume that ______.
... Households anticipate their income will decrease in the future so they reduce consumption today. ...
... Households anticipate their income will decrease in the future so they reduce consumption today. ...
I Does Japan Offer Any Lessons for the United States?
... the escalation in asset values in Japan in the late 1980s. Did Japan’s experience, which was followed by more than a decade of stagnation, contain any cautionary lessons for the United States? The Economist, in particular, warned that the United States might be experiencing an asset price bubble.1 M ...
... the escalation in asset values in Japan in the late 1980s. Did Japan’s experience, which was followed by more than a decade of stagnation, contain any cautionary lessons for the United States? The Economist, in particular, warned that the United States might be experiencing an asset price bubble.1 M ...
Economics, by R. Glenn Hubbard and Anthony Patrick O'Brien
... Capital Manufactured goods that are used to produce other goods and services; examples of capital are computers, factory buildings, machine tools, warehouses, and trucks. Human capital The accumulated knowledge and skills that workers acquire from education and training, or from their life ...
... Capital Manufactured goods that are used to produce other goods and services; examples of capital are computers, factory buildings, machine tools, warehouses, and trucks. Human capital The accumulated knowledge and skills that workers acquire from education and training, or from their life ...
Keynesian economics Keynesian economics (pronounced /ˈkeɪ
... stimulus raises the market for business output, raising cash flow and profitability, spurring business optimism. To Keynes, this accelerator effect meant that government and business could be complements rather than substitutes in this situation. Second, as the stimulus occurs, gross domestic produc ...
... stimulus raises the market for business output, raising cash flow and profitability, spurring business optimism. To Keynes, this accelerator effect meant that government and business could be complements rather than substitutes in this situation. Second, as the stimulus occurs, gross domestic produc ...
Long Depression
The Long Depression was a worldwide price recession, beginning in 1873 and running through the spring of 1879. It was the most severe in Europe and the United States, which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War. The episode was labeled the ""Great Depression"" at the time, and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s. Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction, it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression.It was most notable in Western Europe and North America, at least in part because reliable data from the period are most readily available in those parts of the world. The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe. While it was occurring, the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873–96.In the United States, economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873–79, kicked off by the Panic of 1873, and followed by the Panic of 1893, book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression. The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879. At 65 months, it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER, eclipsing the Great Depression's 43 months of contraction.In the US, from 1873–1879, 18,000 businesses went bankrupt, including 89 railroads. Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt. Unemployment peaked in 1878, long after the panic ended. Different sources peg the peak unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25% to 14%.