Marketing in the Iron Curtain Countries
... Yugoslavia felt the sting of Russian criticism, the U.S.S.R. arguing that Yugoslavia was moving too slowly to collectivize its agricultural sector. Citing the loss of producer initiative under collectivization and the stifling effects on production of the resultant regimentation, Yugoslavs refused t ...
... Yugoslavia felt the sting of Russian criticism, the U.S.S.R. arguing that Yugoslavia was moving too slowly to collectivize its agricultural sector. Citing the loss of producer initiative under collectivization and the stifling effects on production of the resultant regimentation, Yugoslavs refused t ...
the-crisis-and-keynesian-policies
... in an economy. Thus, investment and consumption demand delivers incomes (profits and wages) not vice versa, as Marxist (and classical) economics argues. This brings me to the profit equation developed by Michel Kalecki, a Polish economist and synthesiser of Marx and Keynes. His equation is simply t ...
... in an economy. Thus, investment and consumption demand delivers incomes (profits and wages) not vice versa, as Marxist (and classical) economics argues. This brings me to the profit equation developed by Michel Kalecki, a Polish economist and synthesiser of Marx and Keynes. His equation is simply t ...
Unit 4 – GDP and Business Cycle
... The Great Depression – The Great Depression was the most severe downturn in the nation’s history. – Between 1929 and 1933, GDP fell by almost one third, and unemployment rose to about 25 percent. ...
... The Great Depression – The Great Depression was the most severe downturn in the nation’s history. – Between 1929 and 1933, GDP fell by almost one third, and unemployment rose to about 25 percent. ...
Chap011
... prices. • Flexible prices virtually guarantee that all output can be sold. • No one would lose a job because of weak consumer demand. • Flexible wages would ensure that everyone who wants a job would have a job. ...
... prices. • Flexible prices virtually guarantee that all output can be sold. • No one would lose a job because of weak consumer demand. • Flexible wages would ensure that everyone who wants a job would have a job. ...
What explains who suffered most?
... and rebound in world trade And policy remains very expansionary But likely to be bumpy and slower than ‘normal’: ...
... and rebound in world trade And policy remains very expansionary But likely to be bumpy and slower than ‘normal’: ...
Empirical Analysis of Interaction between Securities Market,
... of money and other financial asset to gross domestic product. The increase of this proportion means that social exchange and investment works through money or financial asset. In the past 20 years, the Chinese gross financial asset increased rapidly, from 3417.5 billion in 1978 to 512523.6 billion i ...
... of money and other financial asset to gross domestic product. The increase of this proportion means that social exchange and investment works through money or financial asset. In the past 20 years, the Chinese gross financial asset increased rapidly, from 3417.5 billion in 1978 to 512523.6 billion i ...
Managerial Economics - Amazon Web Services
... that required Federal Reserve special intervention was the so-called "credit crunch" of 1966. This episode centered around a "run" on bank-negotiable certificates of deposit. • The second occurred in 1970, and the immediate focus of the difficulties was a "run" on the commercial paper market followi ...
... that required Federal Reserve special intervention was the so-called "credit crunch" of 1966. This episode centered around a "run" on bank-negotiable certificates of deposit. • The second occurred in 1970, and the immediate focus of the difficulties was a "run" on the commercial paper market followi ...
E - n
... growth model, which is the most influential of the early neoclassical growth models. The model focuses on output (Y), capital (K), labour (L) and knowledge or effectiveness of labour (A). At any given time, an economy has some amounts of capital, labour and knowledge that are combined to produce out ...
... growth model, which is the most influential of the early neoclassical growth models. The model focuses on output (Y), capital (K), labour (L) and knowledge or effectiveness of labour (A). At any given time, an economy has some amounts of capital, labour and knowledge that are combined to produce out ...
Speculative capitals and demand pull inflation below full
... whether financial speculation has been a major factor, most agree that increased participation by noncommercial actors such as index funds, swap dealers and money managers in financial markets probably acted to amplify short term price swings and could have contributed to the formation of price bubb ...
... whether financial speculation has been a major factor, most agree that increased participation by noncommercial actors such as index funds, swap dealers and money managers in financial markets probably acted to amplify short term price swings and could have contributed to the formation of price bubb ...
President’s Report Board Directors
... confidence eased a bit. Personal incomes posted another small loss, but consumption surged as consumers took advantage of the 'CARS' stimulus rebates. Housing market data was less favorable in August compared to recent months. Existing home sales fell, and new home sales, housing starts, and buildin ...
... confidence eased a bit. Personal incomes posted another small loss, but consumption surged as consumers took advantage of the 'CARS' stimulus rebates. Housing market data was less favorable in August compared to recent months. Existing home sales fell, and new home sales, housing starts, and buildin ...
Official PDF , 7 pages
... geographic region of the conflict country. The most striking result pertains to the tremendous postwar surge in per capita income, which rises about 2.4 percent above the prewar level. The strong recovery in income is linked to the high potential for catch-up growth following the destruction of war. ...
... geographic region of the conflict country. The most striking result pertains to the tremendous postwar surge in per capita income, which rises about 2.4 percent above the prewar level. The strong recovery in income is linked to the high potential for catch-up growth following the destruction of war. ...
Global and European setting - August 2016
... market economies, activity appears to be stabilising further. In China, this was probably primarily due to the authorities’ efforts to stimulate growth. Additionally, the feeling that the recessions in Brazil and Russia were easing becamemore ingrained over the first half of the year. ...
... market economies, activity appears to be stabilising further. In China, this was probably primarily due to the authorities’ efforts to stimulate growth. Additionally, the feeling that the recessions in Brazil and Russia were easing becamemore ingrained over the first half of the year. ...
Chapter 1 A Brief Economic History of the United States
... In the decades before the Civil War, the economic interests of the North and South came into sharp conflict. Northern manufacturers benefited from high protective tariffs, which kept out competing British manufacturers. The Southern states, which had only a small manufacturing sector, were forced to ...
... In the decades before the Civil War, the economic interests of the North and South came into sharp conflict. Northern manufacturers benefited from high protective tariffs, which kept out competing British manufacturers. The Southern states, which had only a small manufacturing sector, were forced to ...
Postwar Economic Growth in Greece 1950-61
... Judging by the experience of the past decade, the Greek economy may continue to grow as fast, if not more rapidly, if certain factors in the situation improve. First of all, an important condition of further growth in the agricultural sector is the better exploitation of existing natural resources a ...
... Judging by the experience of the past decade, the Greek economy may continue to grow as fast, if not more rapidly, if certain factors in the situation improve. First of all, an important condition of further growth in the agricultural sector is the better exploitation of existing natural resources a ...
Economics Exam Review: Page numbers at the end of the
... It is not valuable in and of itself. d. It is often not portable, durable, or divisible. 73. In the early years of the United States, the Federalists favored 257 a. the use of banks to limit trade. b. a centralized banking system. c. state control of their own banks. d. repeal of the gold standard. ...
... It is not valuable in and of itself. d. It is often not portable, durable, or divisible. 73. In the early years of the United States, the Federalists favored 257 a. the use of banks to limit trade. b. a centralized banking system. c. state control of their own banks. d. repeal of the gold standard. ...
Section 2: Demand and output
... (b) Calculated as the aggregate value of pension schemes’ total assets less the value of their liabilities, divided by the total value of assets. Calculated on a S179 basis, which is the theoretical cost that would have to be paid to a private insurance company to take on the level of protection pro ...
... (b) Calculated as the aggregate value of pension schemes’ total assets less the value of their liabilities, divided by the total value of assets. Calculated on a S179 basis, which is the theoretical cost that would have to be paid to a private insurance company to take on the level of protection pro ...
Monthly Business Dashboard – October 2011
... in September.6 House price inflation in Hampshire has eased to within the range where the rate is expected to be 99% of the time over the long-run (amber area). Instead of just looking at the latest increases in house prices relative to historic averages it is equally important to view house price i ...
... in September.6 House price inflation in Hampshire has eased to within the range where the rate is expected to be 99% of the time over the long-run (amber area). Instead of just looking at the latest increases in house prices relative to historic averages it is equally important to view house price i ...
2015 U.S. Automotive Outlook - Original Equipment Suppliers
... the typical household buys more than 1,000 gallons of gasoline each year. Gas prices have fallen more than a dollar per gallon since summer, which—assuming it stays at this level for the year—translates into at least an extra $1,000 per household that consumers can use toward other purchases or payi ...
... the typical household buys more than 1,000 gallons of gasoline each year. Gas prices have fallen more than a dollar per gallon since summer, which—assuming it stays at this level for the year—translates into at least an extra $1,000 per household that consumers can use toward other purchases or payi ...
The production possibilities curve illustrates which two of the
... Prior to World War II, the United States experienced periods of both deflation and inflation. Inflation was at its worst during the Great Depression. ...
... Prior to World War II, the United States experienced periods of both deflation and inflation. Inflation was at its worst during the Great Depression. ...
Functions of Any Economic System
... service, Ag. commodity programs. NOTE: A, B, and C involve Resource Allocation. ...
... service, Ag. commodity programs. NOTE: A, B, and C involve Resource Allocation. ...
Crises in emerging markets:Fisher, Keynes and Phoenix miracles
... Productivity effects also play a key role in account of Calvo et al (2006), hereafter CIT, though here they are endogenous. The causal factor is a Sudden Stop which leads to devaluation and a fall in productivity of currently installed plant and equipment. “Sharp nominal (and real) currency devaluat ...
... Productivity effects also play a key role in account of Calvo et al (2006), hereafter CIT, though here they are endogenous. The causal factor is a Sudden Stop which leads to devaluation and a fall in productivity of currently installed plant and equipment. “Sharp nominal (and real) currency devaluat ...
The Fuctions of An Economic System
... service, Ag. commodity programs. NOTE: A, B, and C involve Resource Allocation. ...
... service, Ag. commodity programs. NOTE: A, B, and C involve Resource Allocation. ...
Global Weekly - Aberdeen Asset Management
... Good week for all the main European markets with the exception of the UK which was modestly down on the week. The UK markets were down main due to falls in the prices of the large oil stocks. Additionally the mining stocks performed poorly due to continuing weakness in the London Metal Exchange's ba ...
... Good week for all the main European markets with the exception of the UK which was modestly down on the week. The UK markets were down main due to falls in the prices of the large oil stocks. Additionally the mining stocks performed poorly due to continuing weakness in the London Metal Exchange's ba ...
Long Depression
The Long Depression was a worldwide price recession, beginning in 1873 and running through the spring of 1879. It was the most severe in Europe and the United States, which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War. The episode was labeled the ""Great Depression"" at the time, and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s. Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction, it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression.It was most notable in Western Europe and North America, at least in part because reliable data from the period are most readily available in those parts of the world. The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe. While it was occurring, the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873–96.In the United States, economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873–79, kicked off by the Panic of 1873, and followed by the Panic of 1893, book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression. The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879. At 65 months, it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER, eclipsing the Great Depression's 43 months of contraction.In the US, from 1873–1879, 18,000 businesses went bankrupt, including 89 railroads. Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt. Unemployment peaked in 1878, long after the panic ended. Different sources peg the peak unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25% to 14%.