![Some instability puzzles in Kaleckian models of growth and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008217443_2-190d43c31f0a696c3df7e6bc48704002-300x300.png)
Some instability puzzles in Kaleckian models of growth and
... • So normal rates adjust to the actual rates. • With some specifications, these hysteresis models safeguard both the paradoxes of thrift and of costs. • A critique of these has been: why would firms modify the normal rate of utilization just because it has not been achieved recently (Skott 2008)? ...
... • So normal rates adjust to the actual rates. • With some specifications, these hysteresis models safeguard both the paradoxes of thrift and of costs. • A critique of these has been: why would firms modify the normal rate of utilization just because it has not been achieved recently (Skott 2008)? ...
FISCAL POLICY
... to rising borrowing by the federal government. 2. In turn, this means that more federal revenues will be spent repaying the borrowed money, in future years. ...
... to rising borrowing by the federal government. 2. In turn, this means that more federal revenues will be spent repaying the borrowed money, in future years. ...
zandi - Michael Fitzgerald
... perform well. One of the reasons why I think the recession will be short and mild is because most businesses outside of housing and housing-related activities are in very good financial shape and can weather a very serious storm, including the one we’re in the middle of. I do think we’ve got some ve ...
... perform well. One of the reasons why I think the recession will be short and mild is because most businesses outside of housing and housing-related activities are in very good financial shape and can weather a very serious storm, including the one we’re in the middle of. I do think we’ve got some ve ...
Short-run aggregate supply curve
... • The third explanation for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve is called the imperfect-information model • Unlike the sticky-wage model, this model assumes that markets clear—that is, all wages and prices are free to adjust to balance supply and demand • In this model, the shor ...
... • The third explanation for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve is called the imperfect-information model • Unlike the sticky-wage model, this model assumes that markets clear—that is, all wages and prices are free to adjust to balance supply and demand • In this model, the shor ...
Business Cycle Indicators
... He tested their “out-of-sample” performance, so to say, in the second half of the 20th century (Moore and Cullity, 1994). All the leading indicators continued to lead at US business cycle turning points. ...
... He tested their “out-of-sample” performance, so to say, in the second half of the 20th century (Moore and Cullity, 1994). All the leading indicators continued to lead at US business cycle turning points. ...
Lessons From the Great Depression
... The index continued to fall in 1931–1932 and rebounded strongly in 1933 but then fluctuated between 100 and 200 for the remainder of the decade. Note the Dow stood at 131 at year-end 1940, even lower than the closing figure for 1930. There have been several downturns in stock prices of the magnitude ...
... The index continued to fall in 1931–1932 and rebounded strongly in 1933 but then fluctuated between 100 and 200 for the remainder of the decade. Note the Dow stood at 131 at year-end 1940, even lower than the closing figure for 1930. There have been several downturns in stock prices of the magnitude ...
FRBSF E L
... problematic because the PCE price index is widely used to assess underlying inflationary trends— particularly by Fed policymakers. Furthermore, the “core” version of this price index, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, has grown notably faster so far this year than it did last year. As ...
... problematic because the PCE price index is widely used to assess underlying inflationary trends— particularly by Fed policymakers. Furthermore, the “core” version of this price index, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, has grown notably faster so far this year than it did last year. As ...
East Asia: Success and Crisis
... Borrowing and Debt Figure 22-3: Current Account Deficits and Real Currency Appreciation in Four Stabilizing Economies, 1976-1997 ...
... Borrowing and Debt Figure 22-3: Current Account Deficits and Real Currency Appreciation in Four Stabilizing Economies, 1976-1997 ...
Chapter 15
... macroeconomic policy should proceed carefully and with an understanding of the consequences of its policies in the short and long-run. Fiscal policies can have long-run effects on saving, investment, the trade balance and growth. Crowding. Monetary policy can ultimately determine the level of pric ...
... macroeconomic policy should proceed carefully and with an understanding of the consequences of its policies in the short and long-run. Fiscal policies can have long-run effects on saving, investment, the trade balance and growth. Crowding. Monetary policy can ultimately determine the level of pric ...
Chapter 5 Lecture Outline 9E
... Promote use of solar heating systems, energy-efficient appliances, and minimum insulation standards (i.e. energy efficient). Green building and sustainable design practices are encouraged and rewarded. ...
... Promote use of solar heating systems, energy-efficient appliances, and minimum insulation standards (i.e. energy efficient). Green building and sustainable design practices are encouraged and rewarded. ...
ZESZYTY NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU SZCZECIŃSKIEGO
... that, in the long-run, central bank cannot permanently influence the rate of unemployment and economic growth by accommodative monetary policy. This principle, which is labelled the “longrun neutrality of money”, is currently regarded as an axiom macroeconomic theory. In the longrun, the central ban ...
... that, in the long-run, central bank cannot permanently influence the rate of unemployment and economic growth by accommodative monetary policy. This principle, which is labelled the “longrun neutrality of money”, is currently regarded as an axiom macroeconomic theory. In the longrun, the central ban ...
Inflation, deflation and purchasing power
... there appeared to be a trade-off between unemployment and inflation: any attempt by governments to reduce unemployment was likely to lead to increased inflation. an inverse relation between inflation and unemployment In the 70s the curve appeared to break down as the economy suffered from unem ...
... there appeared to be a trade-off between unemployment and inflation: any attempt by governments to reduce unemployment was likely to lead to increased inflation. an inverse relation between inflation and unemployment In the 70s the curve appeared to break down as the economy suffered from unem ...
Real stock returns and inflation in pakistan
... Inflation is one of the influential macroeconomic variables, which has negative impact on economic activity. It is calculated on the basis of price indices. These price indices are GDP deflator, consumer price index (CPI), and producer price index. The CPI is used to calculate inflation in Pakistan. ...
... Inflation is one of the influential macroeconomic variables, which has negative impact on economic activity. It is calculated on the basis of price indices. These price indices are GDP deflator, consumer price index (CPI), and producer price index. The CPI is used to calculate inflation in Pakistan. ...
Bank of England Inflation Report August 2012
... Charts 5.6 and 5.7 depict the probability of various outcomes for CPI inflation in the future. Chart 5.6 is conditioned on the assumption that the stock of purchased assets financed by the issuance of central bank reserves reaches £375 billion and remains there throughout the forecast period. Chart ...
... Charts 5.6 and 5.7 depict the probability of various outcomes for CPI inflation in the future. Chart 5.6 is conditioned on the assumption that the stock of purchased assets financed by the issuance of central bank reserves reaches £375 billion and remains there throughout the forecast period. Chart ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 13: Aggregate Supply
... deteriorate while unemployed, and they cannot find a job when the recession ends. Cyclically unemployed workers may lose their influence on wage-setting; insiders (employed workers) may then bargain for higher wages for themselves. Then, the cyclically unemployed ...
... deteriorate while unemployed, and they cannot find a job when the recession ends. Cyclically unemployed workers may lose their influence on wage-setting; insiders (employed workers) may then bargain for higher wages for themselves. Then, the cyclically unemployed ...
Economic Indicators Second Quarter FY 2009
... holidays were dismal and first quarter 2009 sales are not meeting projections. Jobs are being lost in record numbers, home foreclosures are still rising and the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates to an unprecedented range of 0 – 0.25 percent, the lowest rate in 56 years. Furthermore, universitie ...
... holidays were dismal and first quarter 2009 sales are not meeting projections. Jobs are being lost in record numbers, home foreclosures are still rising and the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates to an unprecedented range of 0 – 0.25 percent, the lowest rate in 56 years. Furthermore, universitie ...
Reaganomics - World of Teaching
... - payroll taxes increased - Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth recovered strongly after the 1982 recession at annual rate of 3.4% per year slightly lower than post-World War II average of 3.6% - Unemployment peaked over 10.7% percent in 1982 then dropped during rest Reagan's terms - inflation ...
... - payroll taxes increased - Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth recovered strongly after the 1982 recession at annual rate of 3.4% per year slightly lower than post-World War II average of 3.6% - Unemployment peaked over 10.7% percent in 1982 then dropped during rest Reagan's terms - inflation ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES NOT THE DISEASE!
... trillion (2.1×GDP) in 1999 to $15.2 trillion (1.1×GDP) in 2008. Household (including nonprofit organizations) net worth in the US has gone up from $42.1 trillion (4.4×GDP) $51.7 trillion (3.6×GDP) in 2008.1 However, the consumer price index (CPI) increased by 29% from 1999 to 2008, and the number of ...
... trillion (2.1×GDP) in 1999 to $15.2 trillion (1.1×GDP) in 2008. Household (including nonprofit organizations) net worth in the US has gone up from $42.1 trillion (4.4×GDP) $51.7 trillion (3.6×GDP) in 2008.1 However, the consumer price index (CPI) increased by 29% from 1999 to 2008, and the number of ...
Early 1980s recession
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Early-80s_recession.jpg?width=300)
The early 1980s recession describes the severe global economic recession affecting much of the developed world in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The United States and Japan exited the recession relatively early, but high unemployment would continue to affect other OECD nations through to at least 1985. Long-term effects of the recession contributed to the Latin American debt crisis, the savings and loans crisis in the United States, and a general adoption of neoliberal economic policies throughout the 1980s and 1990s.