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Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Supply

... 1. unions grow more aggressive; wage rates increase   or shift to the left—change in input prices  2. labor productivity increases dramatically   or shift to the right—change in productivity  3. OPEC successfully increases oil prices   or shift to the left—change in input prices  4. compute ...
PDF
PDF

... annual rate of 26.5 percent during the first half of 1973. Industrial prices moved up at a somewhat slower, but still high, rate of 10.9 percent while farm and farm products jumped at an alarming 66.8 percent rate. For analytical purposes, it is useful to look at price increases by the stage of pro ...


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... a year before almost every recession. It also turns upward just prior to the end of almost every recession. ...
Economic Systems: Key Terms
Economic Systems: Key Terms

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... The Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI) has proved useful as an early indicator of recessions. It is distilled from 85 monthly series drawn from four broad data categories: consumption and housing; employment, unemployment, and hours worked; sales, orders, and inventories; and production and ...
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Aggregate Supply & Aggregate Demand

... – They would rather temporarily reduce output. ...
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Dealing With Shocks

Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

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ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS

Presentation to the members of Parliament at the Conference on... by the European Economics and Financial Centre
Presentation to the members of Parliament at the Conference on... by the European Economics and Financial Centre

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... close to 10% during the second semester. This was the result of the sharp rise in international prices for food as of 2007 and for fuel in the first part of 2008, which spread to domestic prices thanks to indexation and the intense rise of demand. The central bank reacted by incrementing the monetar ...
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... They are linked with firms through purchases from firms of final goods and services. They are linked to the government through their payment of taxes. They are linked to the government through their lending of funds to the government to finance government borrowing via the financial markets. ...
Topic 7: Lesson 1: Gross Domestic Product Definition
Topic 7: Lesson 1: Gross Domestic Product Definition

... 10. Too much money in the _______________ _________________ can cause inflation.  Most economists agree that the money supply should __________________ at the same rate the economy is ______________. 11. Inflation can lead to a ____________________-_________________ _____________________ of increas ...
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Nominal rigidity

Nominal rigidity, also known as price-stickiness or wage-stickiness, describes a situation in which the nominal price is resistant to change. Complete nominal rigidity occurs when a price is fixed in nominal terms for a relevant period of time. For example, the price of a particular good might be fixed at $10 per unit for a year. Partial nominal rigidity occurs when a price may vary in nominal terms, but not as much as it would if perfectly flexible. For example, in a regulated market there might be limits to how much a price can change in a given year.If we look at the whole economy, some prices might be very flexible and others rigid. This will lead to the aggregate price level (which we can think of as an average of the individual prices) becoming ""sluggish"" or ""sticky"" in the sense that it does not respond to macroeconomic shocks as much as it would if all prices were flexible. The same idea can apply to nominal wages. The presence of nominal rigidity is animportant part of macroeconomic theory since it can explain why markets might not reach equilibrium in the short run or even possibly the long-run. In his The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, John Maynard Keynes argued that nominal wages display downward rigidity, in the sense that workers are reluctant to accept cuts in nominal wages. This can lead to involuntary unemployment as it takes time for wages to adjust to equilibrium, a situation he thought applied to the Great Depression that he sought to understand.
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