How Do We Know That We Know? The Accessibility Model
... The assumption, then, is that subjects have direct access to the information pertaining to the presence of the solicited item in memory and that this information appears in a ready-made format. At first sight, this solution to the question of how one knows that one knows appears to raise the homuncu ...
... The assumption, then, is that subjects have direct access to the information pertaining to the presence of the solicited item in memory and that this information appears in a ready-made format. At first sight, this solution to the question of how one knows that one knows appears to raise the homuncu ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Could it be possible to process both auditory and visual information when those stimu ...
... auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Could it be possible to process both auditory and visual information when those stimu ...
Memory
... a computer does? What might be some differences in the way that children and computers process information? ...
... a computer does? What might be some differences in the way that children and computers process information? ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
... anhydrase inhibitor, tetrodotoxin ŽTTX; 1–2 m M, dissolved in water; RBI, Natick, MA. or vehicle was introduced 10 min prior to S2. This was followed by the addition of 100 m M GABA or vehicle simultaneously with S2. All drugs were removed 5 min later. Calculations for fractional release, S2:S1 rati ...
... anhydrase inhibitor, tetrodotoxin ŽTTX; 1–2 m M, dissolved in water; RBI, Natick, MA. or vehicle was introduced 10 min prior to S2. This was followed by the addition of 100 m M GABA or vehicle simultaneously with S2. All drugs were removed 5 min later. Calculations for fractional release, S2:S1 rati ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... with animals, the anatomy underlying anterograde amnesia has been reformulated. The distinction between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia is of limited value in that a common feature of anterograde amnesia is damage to part of an “extended hippocampal system” comprising the hippocampus, the for ...
... with animals, the anatomy underlying anterograde amnesia has been reformulated. The distinction between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia is of limited value in that a common feature of anterograde amnesia is damage to part of an “extended hippocampal system” comprising the hippocampus, the for ...
Laminar Cortical Dynamics of Cognitive and Motor Working Memory
... that it uses to simulate the human cognitive data. It also leads to a new proposal for how to explain cognitive and neurophysiological data showing conjunctive coding of item, order, and list position in a list. LIST PARSE advances a theoretical synthesis of several types of data that reflect shared ...
... that it uses to simulate the human cognitive data. It also leads to a new proposal for how to explain cognitive and neurophysiological data showing conjunctive coding of item, order, and list position in a list. LIST PARSE advances a theoretical synthesis of several types of data that reflect shared ...
review neurochemical markers of alcoholism vulnerability in humans
... high-risk individuals, such as COA. COA represent a unique, high-risk group in studies of the state independence of the trait marker. This is because they have a heightened risk of alcoholism, and because the youngest groups do not generally consume alcohol on a regular basis (Eskay and Linnoila, 19 ...
... high-risk individuals, such as COA. COA represent a unique, high-risk group in studies of the state independence of the trait marker. This is because they have a heightened risk of alcoholism, and because the youngest groups do not generally consume alcohol on a regular basis (Eskay and Linnoila, 19 ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... Uncapher & Rugg, 2005). In these studies, encoding responses are sorted according to whether different features of the trial are later remembered. A common finding is that hippocampal responses are higher for trials about which subjects later remember associated information (e.g. source) (Davachi, e ...
... Uncapher & Rugg, 2005). In these studies, encoding responses are sorted according to whether different features of the trial are later remembered. A common finding is that hippocampal responses are higher for trials about which subjects later remember associated information (e.g. source) (Davachi, e ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important for being in control of the novelty aspects of the everyday life (Bouazzaoui, Isingrini, Angel, Vanneste, Clarys & Taconnet, 2010). Miyake, Friedman, Emerson, Witzki and Howerter (200 ...
... selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important for being in control of the novelty aspects of the everyday life (Bouazzaoui, Isingrini, Angel, Vanneste, Clarys & Taconnet, 2010). Miyake, Friedman, Emerson, Witzki and Howerter (200 ...
Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a
... Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men.1 The association between heavy alcohol consumption and increased risk of gout has long been suspected; however, the association has not been prospectively confirmed. Metabolic studies have shown that hyperuricaemia (not gout per se) can be induc ...
... Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men.1 The association between heavy alcohol consumption and increased risk of gout has long been suspected; however, the association has not been prospectively confirmed. Metabolic studies have shown that hyperuricaemia (not gout per se) can be induc ...
Creating associative memory distortions
... either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 1996). Studies have shown that memory errors arise from various psychological processes. Mazzoni (2002), ...
... either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 1996). Studies have shown that memory errors arise from various psychological processes. Mazzoni (2002), ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span
... involving the manipulation and updating of stored information have been used to explore the neural correlates of WM in prior research (e.g., N-back, tasks that require mental reordering of stimuli, etc.), few of these alternative WM assessments have been tested as predictors of individual difference ...
... involving the manipulation and updating of stored information have been used to explore the neural correlates of WM in prior research (e.g., N-back, tasks that require mental reordering of stimuli, etc.), few of these alternative WM assessments have been tested as predictors of individual difference ...
Implicit Memory for New Associations: An
... Roediger and his colleagues (e.g., Blaxton, 1989; Roediger et al., 1989), in which it is assumed that the degree of datadriven and conceptually driven processing varies across memory tasks. Rather than emphasizing the relative amount of contribution made by these two types of processing to performan ...
... Roediger and his colleagues (e.g., Blaxton, 1989; Roediger et al., 1989), in which it is assumed that the degree of datadriven and conceptually driven processing varies across memory tasks. Rather than emphasizing the relative amount of contribution made by these two types of processing to performan ...
Episodic autobiographical memories over the course of time
... self and memory, Tulving’s conception emphasizes the episodic aspects of the self, defending the role of a phenomenological self in the construction and maintenance of subjective continuity in time and personal identity. The episodic component of AM contains specific personal events, with phenomenolo ...
... self and memory, Tulving’s conception emphasizes the episodic aspects of the self, defending the role of a phenomenological self in the construction and maintenance of subjective continuity in time and personal identity. The episodic component of AM contains specific personal events, with phenomenolo ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... have revealed that stimulus-selective delay-period activity is a neural correlate of the mechanism for temporarily maintaining information in working memory processes. The central executive, which is the master component of Baddeley’s working memory model and is thought to be a function of the prefr ...
... have revealed that stimulus-selective delay-period activity is a neural correlate of the mechanism for temporarily maintaining information in working memory processes. The central executive, which is the master component of Baddeley’s working memory model and is thought to be a function of the prefr ...
More is Better: The Effects of Multiple Repetitions on Implicit Memory
... activation of a node can only decrease. The fastest decreases take place soon after the presentation of a stimulus, and over time, they become more gradual. Next, consider how the power function can increase over time: It only increases when an element is added to the list of presentation times. Bot ...
... activation of a node can only decrease. The fastest decreases take place soon after the presentation of a stimulus, and over time, they become more gradual. Next, consider how the power function can increase over time: It only increases when an element is added to the list of presentation times. Bot ...
Frontal Lobes and Memory - University of California, Berkeley
... Schacter and colleagues concluded that B.G. exhibited an “over-responsivity to a memory signal based on the general similarity of test items to studied items” (Curran et al., 1997, p. 1047; also see Schacter, Chapter 16, this volume). Again, B.G.’s deficits demonstrate that memory impairments in fro ...
... Schacter and colleagues concluded that B.G. exhibited an “over-responsivity to a memory signal based on the general similarity of test items to studied items” (Curran et al., 1997, p. 1047; also see Schacter, Chapter 16, this volume). Again, B.G.’s deficits demonstrate that memory impairments in fro ...
The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
Stress effects on memory
... stress is influenced by many variables such as the emotional valence of the learned material (Payne et al., 2007) or the interval between the stressful episode and the learning experience (Diamond et al., 2007). Another important factor might be whether the memory is tested immediately after learning ...
... stress is influenced by many variables such as the emotional valence of the learned material (Payne et al., 2007) or the interval between the stressful episode and the learning experience (Diamond et al., 2007). Another important factor might be whether the memory is tested immediately after learning ...
Pharmacology 18a – Priciples of GABAergic Transmission
... GABA is stored in vesicles in nerve terminals (like any other neurotransmitter) and is released by exocytosis upon influx of calcium ions. GABA Receptors There are 2 types of GABA receptor: GABAA Generally POSTsynaptic When activated by GABA cause influx of Cl- ions This causes the cell to hyp ...
... GABA is stored in vesicles in nerve terminals (like any other neurotransmitter) and is released by exocytosis upon influx of calcium ions. GABA Receptors There are 2 types of GABA receptor: GABAA Generally POSTsynaptic When activated by GABA cause influx of Cl- ions This causes the cell to hyp ...
Alcoholism - Boston University Medical Campus
... are involved in cognitive and emotional functions and play critical roles in the oversight of the limbic reward system. In the present study, we examined the integrity of white matter tracts that are critical to frontal and limbic connectivity. Methods: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (D ...
... are involved in cognitive and emotional functions and play critical roles in the oversight of the limbic reward system. In the present study, we examined the integrity of white matter tracts that are critical to frontal and limbic connectivity. Methods: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (D ...
Memory Cure -- through ‘brain specific nutrients’?
... In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the poss ...
... In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the poss ...
The Role of Working Memory in Reading Disability
... Vellutino, Pruzek, Steger, & Meshoulam, 1973), found that poor readers do not perform less well than good readers on short-term memory tasks with nonspeech stimuli such as doodle drawings or photographs of strangers. With these stimuli, not easily given a phonological label, no significant differenc ...
... Vellutino, Pruzek, Steger, & Meshoulam, 1973), found that poor readers do not perform less well than good readers on short-term memory tasks with nonspeech stimuli such as doodle drawings or photographs of strangers. With these stimuli, not easily given a phonological label, no significant differenc ...
Effects of alcohol on memory
Ethanol is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid that acts as a central nervous system depressant. Ethanol can impair different types of memory.