Ultimate Intelligence Part I: Physical Completeness and Objectivity
... where x ∈ D is any d-ary message written in an alphabet D, M is any physical machine (finite mechanism) that emits the message x (denoted M → x), and V (M ) is the volume of machine M . M is supposed to contain all physical computers that can emit message x. Equation 5 is too abstract and it would h ...
... where x ∈ D is any d-ary message written in an alphabet D, M is any physical machine (finite mechanism) that emits the message x (denoted M → x), and V (M ) is the volume of machine M . M is supposed to contain all physical computers that can emit message x. Equation 5 is too abstract and it would h ...
Small-Depth Quantum Circuits
... …but we only have AND, OR, and NOT gates, and, as an added bonus, MOD3 gates, that determine if the number of 1’s in the input is divisible by 3. Plus our circuits can only have constant depth. Can it be done with a polynomial number of gates? Answer (Razborov/Smolensky, 1987): No. Exponential size! ...
... …but we only have AND, OR, and NOT gates, and, as an added bonus, MOD3 gates, that determine if the number of 1’s in the input is divisible by 3. Plus our circuits can only have constant depth. Can it be done with a polynomial number of gates? Answer (Razborov/Smolensky, 1987): No. Exponential size! ...
REF2
... If the imbalances of both interferometers are alike and much smaller than the pump-laser coherence length, then these two paths are indistinguishable. According to quantum physics, one should thus add the probability amplitudes and expect interference effects. These are two-photon interferences and ...
... If the imbalances of both interferometers are alike and much smaller than the pump-laser coherence length, then these two paths are indistinguishable. According to quantum physics, one should thus add the probability amplitudes and expect interference effects. These are two-photon interferences and ...
A quantum physical argument for panpsychism - Philsci
... collapse events with non-zero probability. For these collapse processes, the collapse time of the single superposition state is much longer than the (average) collapse time and the normal conscious time, and thus the conscious being can distinguish the nonorthogonal states and have the distinct quan ...
... collapse events with non-zero probability. For these collapse processes, the collapse time of the single superposition state is much longer than the (average) collapse time and the normal conscious time, and thus the conscious being can distinguish the nonorthogonal states and have the distinct quan ...
Non-Local Realistic Theories and the Scope of the Bell theorem
... The question of how we should reshape the notion of physical reality after the advent of quantum mechanics continues to hold a central position in foundational debates, whereas the startling advances in experimental physics, and especially in quantum optics, seem to open up new ways of addressing th ...
... The question of how we should reshape the notion of physical reality after the advent of quantum mechanics continues to hold a central position in foundational debates, whereas the startling advances in experimental physics, and especially in quantum optics, seem to open up new ways of addressing th ...
Universal quantum interfaces
... In Ref. 关6兴, it is shown how one can perform any desired generalized measurement corresponding to Kraus operators 兵 A k 其 by making a series of such two-outcome measurements. An important distinction between the construction in Ref. 关6兴 and ours is that we do not need the system S to be directly con ...
... In Ref. 关6兴, it is shown how one can perform any desired generalized measurement corresponding to Kraus operators 兵 A k 其 by making a series of such two-outcome measurements. An important distinction between the construction in Ref. 关6兴 and ours is that we do not need the system S to be directly con ...
Optical Properties of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials
... about the properties of matter through many different spectroscopies that cover a wide range of wavelengths. This dissertation presents a serial study about the optical properties of different semiconductor materials. It is motivated by the fact that semiconductors are extremely important in modern ...
... about the properties of matter through many different spectroscopies that cover a wide range of wavelengths. This dissertation presents a serial study about the optical properties of different semiconductor materials. It is motivated by the fact that semiconductors are extremely important in modern ...
Quantum Networking and Internetworking
... The concept of entanglement, in which the states of two or more quantum subsystems are correlated in a fashion that is not possible in classical systems, is the most difficult quantum concept to grasp. Two qubits can be entangled in a continuous spectrum of possible states; four types of entangled s ...
... The concept of entanglement, in which the states of two or more quantum subsystems are correlated in a fashion that is not possible in classical systems, is the most difficult quantum concept to grasp. Two qubits can be entangled in a continuous spectrum of possible states; four types of entangled s ...
This chapter is our first on electromagnetic waves. We begin with a
... power n divided by n! ( or n factorial), Odd powers of (i phi) will be imaginary and even powers of (i phi) will be real. Both the real and imaginary parts will be alternating series in phi^n/n! with the real part being a even function and the imaginary part being an odd function. The even and odd f ...
... power n divided by n! ( or n factorial), Odd powers of (i phi) will be imaginary and even powers of (i phi) will be real. Both the real and imaginary parts will be alternating series in phi^n/n! with the real part being a even function and the imaginary part being an odd function. The even and odd f ...
Particle creation by black holes | SpringerLink
... tensor of the classical matter fields. However, although it may be reasonable to ignore quantum gravitational effects on the grounds that these are likely to be small, we know that quantum mechanics plays a vital role in the behaviour of the matter fields. One therefore has the problem of defining a ...
... tensor of the classical matter fields. However, although it may be reasonable to ignore quantum gravitational effects on the grounds that these are likely to be small, we know that quantum mechanics plays a vital role in the behaviour of the matter fields. One therefore has the problem of defining a ...
Chapter 7 The Quantum- Mechanical Model of the Atom
... • Proof that the electron had wave nature came a few years later with the demonstration that a beam of electrons would produce an interference pattern the same as waves do. If electrons behave only like particles, there should only be two bright spots on the target. ...
... • Proof that the electron had wave nature came a few years later with the demonstration that a beam of electrons would produce an interference pattern the same as waves do. If electrons behave only like particles, there should only be two bright spots on the target. ...
Nobel Lecture: Fractional quantization
... sufficiently large random potential. It simply means that all the eigenstates of the one-electron Hamiltonian below a certain energy have finite spatial extent, so that occupying them with electrons contributes nothing to the zero-frequency conductivity. Real metals, in which the electrons interact, ...
... sufficiently large random potential. It simply means that all the eigenstates of the one-electron Hamiltonian below a certain energy have finite spatial extent, so that occupying them with electrons contributes nothing to the zero-frequency conductivity. Real metals, in which the electrons interact, ...
Bohr–Einstein debates
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. An account of the debates was written by Bohr in an article titled ""Discussions with Einsteinon Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"". Despite their differences of opinion regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr and Einstein had a mutual admiration that was to last the rest of their lives.The debates represent one of the highest points of scientific research in the first half of the twentieth century because it called attention to an element of quantum theory, quantum non-locality, which is absolutely central to our modern understanding of the physical world. The consensus view of professional physicists has been that Bohr proved victorious, and definitively established the fundamental probabilistic character of quantum measurement.