Quantum field theory and Green`s function
... exchanging virtual photons. If one takes into account these virtual particles, the particle number is not very small, and thus we shall use second quantization. 1.2.3. Fock space The reason why it is hard to write down wavefunctions for indistinguishable particles is because when we write do the wav ...
... exchanging virtual photons. If one takes into account these virtual particles, the particle number is not very small, and thus we shall use second quantization. 1.2.3. Fock space The reason why it is hard to write down wavefunctions for indistinguishable particles is because when we write do the wav ...
Intensity and State Estimation in Quantum Cryptography
... Both Alice and Eve have to measure the unknown states to the information that Bob has sent. This is achieved by quantum state tomography by which identical unknown quantum states is characterized. Initially, all the photons pairs are filtered using the spatial filters and frequency filters. After th ...
... Both Alice and Eve have to measure the unknown states to the information that Bob has sent. This is achieved by quantum state tomography by which identical unknown quantum states is characterized. Initially, all the photons pairs are filtered using the spatial filters and frequency filters. After th ...
A functional quantum programming language
... input qubit x, returns one of two superpositions of a qubit. We can also easily calculate that applying had twice gets us back where we started by cancelling out amplitudes. An important feature of quantum programming is the possibility to create superpositions which have non-local effects. A simple ...
... input qubit x, returns one of two superpositions of a qubit. We can also easily calculate that applying had twice gets us back where we started by cancelling out amplitudes. An important feature of quantum programming is the possibility to create superpositions which have non-local effects. A simple ...
Atomic Physics
... Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof ...
... Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof ...
1 - Philsci
... right now is that R1 counterfactually implies two contradictory statements. From this Stapp derives the conclusion that R1 has to be impossible, because if it were possible, there would be a possible world in which R1 would hold, and hence two contradictory statements would have to be true in it.3 F ...
... right now is that R1 counterfactually implies two contradictory statements. From this Stapp derives the conclusion that R1 has to be impossible, because if it were possible, there would be a possible world in which R1 would hold, and hence two contradictory statements would have to be true in it.3 F ...
Spectroscopic Selection Rules: The Role of Photon States
... Quantum electrodynamics is concerned with the application of quantum mechanics to the motion of charged particles and electromagnetic fields. When applied to the latter, the radiation field is found to be quantized, giving rise to the familiar concept of photons. Further, these light quanta, like at ...
... Quantum electrodynamics is concerned with the application of quantum mechanics to the motion of charged particles and electromagnetic fields. When applied to the latter, the radiation field is found to be quantized, giving rise to the familiar concept of photons. Further, these light quanta, like at ...
PDF
... are among the principal performance-limiting factors in schemes that are currently used to synchronize distant clocks [3]. We can exploit our protocol’s independence of time-ofarrival measurements to devise synchronization schemes that thwart the ill effects of dispersion. In a previous paper [5] we ...
... are among the principal performance-limiting factors in schemes that are currently used to synchronize distant clocks [3]. We can exploit our protocol’s independence of time-ofarrival measurements to devise synchronization schemes that thwart the ill effects of dispersion. In a previous paper [5] we ...
Why Quantum Computing? - Quantum Physics and Quantum
... The Principal of Superposition states if a quantum system can be measured to be in one of a number of states then it can also exist in a blend of all its states simultaneously RESULT: An n-bit qubit register can be in all 2n states at once ...
... The Principal of Superposition states if a quantum system can be measured to be in one of a number of states then it can also exist in a blend of all its states simultaneously RESULT: An n-bit qubit register can be in all 2n states at once ...
INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM CHAOS
... mechanical worlds. Together they form the foundation for all of physics and there is still much left to uncover about their connections and the Correspondence Principle. In addition, quantum chaos has pushed the development of new theoretical techniques and methods of analysis that apply to a wide v ...
... mechanical worlds. Together they form the foundation for all of physics and there is still much left to uncover about their connections and the Correspondence Principle. In addition, quantum chaos has pushed the development of new theoretical techniques and methods of analysis that apply to a wide v ...
PROBABILITIES FOR SINGLE EVENTS
... for renormalizing the probabilities so that the rules are exactly obeyed without changing their values in any relevent sense. II.1.2. Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics The characteristic feature of a quantum mechanical theory is that not every history that can be described can be assigned a probabi ...
... for renormalizing the probabilities so that the rules are exactly obeyed without changing their values in any relevent sense. II.1.2. Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics The characteristic feature of a quantum mechanical theory is that not every history that can be described can be assigned a probabi ...
“Mind the gap” Solving optimization problems with a
... We compute the minimum gap for many (50) instances for each size N and look how the median minimum gap ...
... We compute the minimum gap for many (50) instances for each size N and look how the median minimum gap ...
Small-Depth Quantum Circuits
... …but we only have AND, OR, and NOT gates, and, as an added bonus, MOD3 gates, that determine if the number of 1’s in the input is divisible by 3. Plus our circuits can only have constant depth. Can it be done with a polynomial number of gates? Answer (Razborov/Smolensky, 1987): No. Exponential size! ...
... …but we only have AND, OR, and NOT gates, and, as an added bonus, MOD3 gates, that determine if the number of 1’s in the input is divisible by 3. Plus our circuits can only have constant depth. Can it be done with a polynomial number of gates? Answer (Razborov/Smolensky, 1987): No. Exponential size! ...
arXiv:quant-ph/0610027v1 4 Oct 2006
... copies, and determine the optimal strategy that minimizes the total probability of error. This leads to the identification of the quantum Chernoff bound, thereby solving a long standing open problem. The bound reduces to the classical Chernoff bound when the quantum states under consideration commut ...
... copies, and determine the optimal strategy that minimizes the total probability of error. This leads to the identification of the quantum Chernoff bound, thereby solving a long standing open problem. The bound reduces to the classical Chernoff bound when the quantum states under consideration commut ...
Bohr–Einstein debates
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. An account of the debates was written by Bohr in an article titled ""Discussions with Einsteinon Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"". Despite their differences of opinion regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr and Einstein had a mutual admiration that was to last the rest of their lives.The debates represent one of the highest points of scientific research in the first half of the twentieth century because it called attention to an element of quantum theory, quantum non-locality, which is absolutely central to our modern understanding of the physical world. The consensus view of professional physicists has been that Bohr proved victorious, and definitively established the fundamental probabilistic character of quantum measurement.