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Biotechnology
Biotechnology

... Denature – heat up breaks double into single strand (about 98 degrees C) Anneal – cool and primers can attach to either a top or bottom strand Extension – Taq polymerase makes complementary strand ...
Suggested answers to Exercise - Bio-662
Suggested answers to Exercise - Bio-662

... Biotechnology is any technological application that involves the use of organisms, biological systems or processes in producing goods or providing services. 1m The making of cheese / yoghurt / wine involves the use of microorganisms and is thus considered as an early biotechnology. 1m Restriction en ...
Edible DNA - iGEM 2013
Edible DNA - iGEM 2013

... The specific matching of the base pairs, A with T and C with G, provides a way for exact copies of DNA to be made. This process is called DNA replication. In DNA replication, the double helix ladder is untwisted and the two strands are separated by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. ...
Mutation and DNA
Mutation and DNA

... Meiosis I by incorrect chromosomes coming together. Associated with 2 forms of leukemia – oncogenes translocated to incorrect regions within chromosomes of leukocytes (white blood cells) ...
File - Mr Murphy`s Science Blog
File - Mr Murphy`s Science Blog

... _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________ ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... (i.e. Red and White hair are dominant in cattle. A purebred red is crossed with a purebred white cow and results in a cow that is roan in colorhas both red and white hair) ...
Section 2
Section 2

... an organism and the INSTRUCTIONS that all of the body’s cells must follow. ...
How many fragments of DNA can be assembled in one reaction
How many fragments of DNA can be assembled in one reaction

... NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly: Bridging dsDNA with a ssDNA Oligo Learn how NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly bridges dsDNA with a ssDNA oligo. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • based on interruption of a gene • eg., lacZ gene = b-galactosidase ...
Aim: What are some techniques used in DNA engineering?
Aim: What are some techniques used in DNA engineering?

... DNA from tiny amount of blood or semen found at the scenes of violent crimes, DNA from single embryonic cells for rapid prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders, DNA of viral genes from cells infected with difficult-to-detect viruses such as HIV. ...
Mutations are heritable alteration in DNA sequence Most common
Mutations are heritable alteration in DNA sequence Most common

Unit 2 – Genetics Content Map
Unit 2 – Genetics Content Map

... Unit Essential Question: What makes organisms unique? GPS Standard(s): SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations. A. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. B. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information. C. Using Mendel’s laws, ex ...
Bacterial genetics - Comenius University
Bacterial genetics - Comenius University

... - ionizing radiation - opening of the ring, - chemical mutagens - nucleotide base analogues - structural similarity, frameshift mutagens - addition or deletion of one base, DNA reactive chemicals - modification of the base to chemically different structure ...
DNA Review Cards
DNA Review Cards

... potential least effect on the protein. Describe the process of transcription. What is a mutagen? What is the primary enzyme in transcription. Give examples of mutagens. What type of cell must a mutation occur in to be passed on to offspring? ...
Bacterial genetics
Bacterial genetics

... - ionizing radiation - opening of the ring, - chemical mutagens - nucleotide base analogues - structural similarity, frameshift mutagens - addition or deletion of one base, DNA reactive chemicals - modification of the base to chemically different structure ...
GEN2MHG – MOLECULAR AND HUMAN GENETICS DNA is made
GEN2MHG – MOLECULAR AND HUMAN GENETICS DNA is made

... ▪ diameter of 2nm ▪ complete turn is 3.5nm, 10 base pairs per complete turn ▪ strands run anti-parallel ▪ generally right-handed helix ▪ two grooves, major (22A wide) and minor (12A) of different sizes are present -> major groove is more accessible to transcription factors Alternative DNA structures ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... 13.4 Recombinant DNA Technology ...
DNA Manipulation
DNA Manipulation

Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... “infect" the plant cells. ...
Homeostasis
Homeostasis

... BIOLOGY FIRST SEMESTER STUDY GUIDE: Don’t wait until the last minute to study all the information below. It’s a good idea to buddy up with someone. ...
Ch. 16 Molecular Basis Heredity AND Replication Activity
Ch. 16 Molecular Basis Heredity AND Replication Activity

... Antiparallel nature: • sugar/phosphate backbone runs in opposite directions (Crick); • one strand runs 5’ to 3’, while the other runs 3’ to 5’; • DNA polymerase only adds nucleotides at the free 3’ end, forming new DNA strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction only ...
ap-biology-big-idea-3-review-answers
ap-biology-big-idea-3-review-answers

... translation, and gene expression actually increase variation or changes in populations? Viruses lack any sort of error-correcting mechanism, what could this mean about its variation? the mistakes lead to new phenotypes and genetic combinations that may strengthen diversity in the population. Much mo ...
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

... sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred back from protein to either protein or nucleic acid.” Francis Crick, 1958 ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... Lack nucleus and many of the organelles found in eukaryotes. DNA is located in the cytoplasm. Have a single circular DNA molecule (usually referred to as the cell's chromosome). ...
SB2a Build DNA using the Nucleotides Then Print
SB2a Build DNA using the Nucleotides Then Print

... The scissors below represent the enzyme called DNA helicase. It is responsible for cutting the DNA molecule in half by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases so that transcription can occur. Copy and paste the nucleotides from a previous slide to show how transcription occurs. RNA nucleotide ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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