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Study Guide for Test
Study Guide for Test

... 22. In pea plants smooth seeds (S) is dominant to wrinkled seeds (s). Yellow seed color (Y) is dominant to green seed color (y). Two pea plants heterozygous for both traits are crossed in the Punnett square above. a. What genotype should be in square A? ________________ b. What genotype should be in ...
Genetics 314 – Spring 2005
Genetics 314 – Spring 2005

... Conjugation (1 point given for just mentioning Hfr without mentioning conjugation) b) Why do the gene orders appear to differ among the different strains of bacteria? The F plasmid can insert in multiple sites in the bacterial chromosome and in one of two orientations. c) Draw a circular map of the ...
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing

... varies from species to species  all 4 bases not in equal quantity  bases present in characteristic ratio ...
Bio101 Development Guide.pages
Bio101 Development Guide.pages

... before S2 to ensure the total length of original DNA sequence, S3 and S2 is the multiples of 50. (The order is original DNA sequence, S3, S2. S2 and S3 are converted to DNA by ‘toDNA()’ function). Return the treated DNA sequence as S5. ...
Chromosome Wrap-up
Chromosome Wrap-up

... One from Mom and One from Dad You inherited two copies of each gene, one from Mom and one copy from Dad. ...
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... are those traits or characteristics that are passed on directly from parents to offspring ...
DNA Clean/Extraction Kit
DNA Clean/Extraction Kit

... The DNA Clean/Extraction Kit is designed to extract DNA fragments of 70 bp to 50 kb from standard or low-melting agarose gels in either Tris acetate (TAE) or Tris borate (TBE) buffer system, and can also purify DNA fragments directly from an amplification or enzymatic reaction based on our specific ...
Genetics - SCHOOLinSITES
Genetics - SCHOOLinSITES

...  DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, so processes involving DNA, such as transcription, must occur there as well. ...
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What is Biotechnology - Chariho Regional School District
What is Biotechnology - Chariho Regional School District

... principles of genetic engineering and will see how bacteria can be transformed to produce a protein product from another organism. Using the insulin production model as a foundation, they will research current genetic engineering practices being used to create biological based products. Students wil ...
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Slide 1

... – Recombinant DNA is formed by joining nucleotide sequences from two different sources. – One source contains the gene that will be cloned. – Another source is a gene carrier, called a vector. – Plasmids (small, circular DNA molecules independent of the bacterial chromosome) are often used as vector ...
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G T A C A T C T T A A C G C A T A T

... In translation mRNA enters the cytoplasm where it binds with a Ribosome made of rRNA. tRNAs bring amino acids to the Ribosome; it binds codon to anti-codon to make Proteins. 4. 3 nucleotides (nitrogen bases) = 1 codon = 1 amino acid ...
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Mutations and Cancer Review Sheet Key
Mutations and Cancer Review Sheet Key

... 14. Humans have 6 x 109 number of base pairs and mutations occur on an average rate of about 1 in every 50 million base pairs. Therefore each new cell contains on average 120 mutations. 15. What is cancer? Uncontrolled proliferation of cells. 16. Explain the link between mutations and cancer. If a m ...
Stretching DNA Fibers out of a Chromosome in Solution
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... entangled for clearly observing their structures. In contrast, chromosomes from nearly all eucaryotic cells are readily visible during mitosis when they coil up to form highly condensed structures. The chromosome is an intricately folded nucleoprotein complex with many domains, in which the local ch ...
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... there is quite enough for each amino acid to have its own “word” to stand for it. b-If you discovered a planet whose residents had 2-base codons, what is the maximum number of amino acids they could use? (Forget about stop codons for now.) ______ c-Let’s say these aliens had only 2-base codons, but ...
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File - LFHS AP Biology

... the overall process of protein synthesis. Ten was the maximum number of points for part b. For mentioning any one of the four (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) structures of protein, the student would receive one point. For mentioning two or more structures the student received two points. ...
DNA - the Genomics Lab at UMK
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... • It is used to study when and how much gene expression is occurring by measuring how much of that RNA is present in different samples. • one of the most basic tools for determining at what time, and under what conditions, certain genes are expressed in living tissues. ...
Biology 115 Lab 10:Gene Technology
Biology 115 Lab 10:Gene Technology

... DNA is the hereditary molecule. The information necessary to build an organism is encoded in the bases of a DNA molecule. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is composed of subunits called nucleotides. A single nucleotide has three parts: a phosphate group, a 5′-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) and a nitrogenous ...
protein synthesis
protein synthesis

... - Ribosomes move along messenger RNA reading codons and binding amino acids that are in the right place due to the transfer RNA (tRNA). - Enzyme on ribosome catalyses the peptide bond - Chain grows one amino acid at a time TERMINATION: - Ribosome reads “terminate” codon (UAG) and stops - Releases pr ...
History of DNA DNA History 14-15
History of DNA DNA History 14-15

...  DNA composition: “Chargaff’s rules” varies from species to species  all 4 bases not in equal quantity  bases present in characteristic ratio ...
MICRO-MANIPULATION OF CHICKEN CHROM OSOMES AND
MICRO-MANIPULATION OF CHICKEN CHROM OSOMES AND

Acc_Bio_Semester1_Final_Review_Key_12
Acc_Bio_Semester1_Final_Review_Key_12

... fossils – Paleontologists can compare fossils from the past to organisms living today. homologous structures – Organisms have very similar structures that have been modified for different functions. vestigial structures – A remnant (left over) structure that no longer serves a purpose but was useful ...
2013-10-31-Class-lecture
2013-10-31-Class-lecture

... McrBC cleaves DNA containing methylcytosine on one or both strands.  High transformation efficiency.  Tight control of expression by laclq (overproduction of LacI) allows potentially toxic genes to be cloned. -35 site in promoter upstream of lacI is mutated from GCGCAA to GTGCAA.  Highest growth ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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