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Genetics Notes.notebook
Genetics Notes.notebook

... processes of photosynthesis and respiration in terms of energy  flow, reactants and products. ...
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... d.) A large population has a mating system in which first cousins mate. e.) The population is maintained at a size of 20 individuals, and the mutation rate at the locus being examined is zero. Note: Inbreeding in a large population does not lead to loss of genetic variation. It simply reshuffles it ...
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Commentary by: Matthew Baral, ND Reference: Schlotz W, Jones A

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B.Sc. BOTANY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (DOULE

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Human Heredity - Cloudfront.net

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... of the ABO blood group system (unless some other blood factor gene, such as Rhesus, is incompatible), but they cannot receive any member of the ABO blood group system's blood (which always contains one or more of A and B and H antigens), but only from other people who have Bombay phenotype. The usua ...
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Chromosomal Microarray: Test Information for Families

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... Prudhomme et al (2002) present very similar findings for Streptococcus pneumoniae, a naturally competent Gram positive bacterium, where less than 1 kb of one-sided homology is sufficient for the chromosomal uptake of over 2 kb of foreign DNA. In the absence of DNA homology no stable integration of t ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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