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BDOL Interactive Chalkboard
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard

... of DNA. Mutations may affect only one gene, or they may affect whole chromosomes. • Mutations in eggs or sperm affect future generations by producing offspring with new characteristics. Mutations in body cells affect only the individual and may result in cancer. ...
Rapid Communication: Mapping of the Titin (TTN) Gene to Pig
Rapid Communication: Mapping of the Titin (TTN) Gene to Pig

... 15q23–q26. The linkage results were obtained using two-point linkage analysis with the CRI-MAP program (Green et al., 1990) and the genotypes of PiGMaP animals (Archibald et al., 1995). The genetic mapping confirmed that the chromosome location was SSC15 and showed that TTN is linked to the followin ...
Génmanipuláció
Génmanipuláció

... of interest. By mechanisms that are poorly understood but are similar to what occurrs during meiosis and mitosis when homolgous chromosomes align along the metaphase plane, the engineered construct finds the targeted gene and recombination takes place within the homolgous (meaning identical in this ...
Nebraska - Iowa FFA Association
Nebraska - Iowa FFA Association

... 45. A peanut breeder would like to develop a variety that produces sweet flavored nuts for the peanut butter industry. They search the world collection of peanut lines and they cannot find any that produce sweet flavor. What should they do next? a. They will need to cross peanuts with sugar beets o ...
Lecture
Lecture

... • The retrovirus genome consists of an RNA molecule of about 8500 nucleotides; two such molecules are packaged into each viral particle. • The enzyme reverse transcriptase first makes a DNA copy of the viral RNA molecule and then a second DNA strand, generating a double-stranded DNA copy of the RNA ...
File - Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
File - Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

... • At the end of the lagging strand, when the RNA primer is removed, there is no free 3’ end to which nucleotides can be added. • Telomeres consist of multiple repetitions of one short nucleotide sequence. ...
Biotechnology: Applications of DNA Manipulation
Biotechnology: Applications of DNA Manipulation

... this. For example, the strains of E. coli used in the lab have a number of mutations that make their survival in the human intestine ...
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase

Table of Contents
Table of Contents

... this. For example, the strains of E. coli used in the lab have a number of mutations that make their survival in the human intestine ...
Genomics and Behavior “Central Dogma” Outline
Genomics and Behavior “Central Dogma” Outline

... nucleus to the ribosome • Protein synthesis takes place based on the genetic code • A three base codon codes for an amino acid ...
File
File

... DNA Replication Each strand of the DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing. In most prokaryotes, DNA replication begins at a single point and continues in two directions. ...
Practice Exam 2
Practice Exam 2

... For questions c-e, list all the mutations that apply. (Assume each mutation occurs alone) c. Which of the mutations could change the sequence of the processed mRNA? _____________ d. Which of the mutations could change the number of processed mRNA molecules? ________ e. Which of the mutations could c ...
a 2-sided "mini-poster" version. - Southeast Missouri State University
a 2-sided "mini-poster" version. - Southeast Missouri State University

... TEM1 probe suggest that lateral gene transmission from enteric bacteria associated with animals to environmental bacteria is not taking place. On the other hand, environmental bacteria that show a high degree of resistance to Amp were widespread, and resistance in these bacteria may be due to zinc-h ...
11.2 Meiosis
11.2 Meiosis

... a. Only one replication of DNA but two divisions II. Meiosis I A. Prophase I 1. Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears, & crossing over occurs B. Metaphase I 1. Chromosomes moved to equator by spindle fibers. 2. Two chromatids remain together 3. Independent assortment a. Random distributi ...
24. DNA testing
24. DNA testing

... Fairly large gene: 250 kb genomic DNA Giant gene: 2400 kb genomic DNA 27 exons, 6.5 kb mRNA 79 exons, 14 kb mRNA Almost all mutations are single nt changes, 65% of mutations are deletions of 1 or although most common is a 3 nt deletion more exons 5% duplications 30% nonsense or splice site mutations ...
Intro Bioinform 1-19..
Intro Bioinform 1-19..

... Medical Sciences in their quest for understanding protein structure and function in living organisms. ...
Ataxia- telangiectasia Mutated (ATM)
Ataxia- telangiectasia Mutated (ATM)

... ATM knockout is not lethal ...
Chapter 10 (Sample questions)
Chapter 10 (Sample questions)

... In the sequence: DNA  RNA  protein Step (1) is called a. Translation b. Amino acid synthesis c. DNA replication d. Transcription e. Dehydration synthesis Transfer RNA: a. Is a nucleic acid that alone codes for the primary structure of a protein b. Is made directly from DNA during transcripti ...
Final Exam
Final Exam

... 10. Two pea plants are both heterozygous for the dominant traits of tall height and purple flowers. (short height and white flowers are recessive) What is the probability that a cross of these two plants will produce a white flowered, short plant? ...
Molecular biology of Ri-plasmid—A review
Molecular biology of Ri-plasmid—A review

... The left T-DNA (TL) of agropine Ri-plasmid A4b is about 20 Kb in length but, unlike the TR–DNA does not appear to be closely related to any other characterized Ti-plasmid (Huffman et al., 1984). Limited homology has been reported to the T– DNA of nopaline type Ti-plasmids, presumably to the region i ...
Solving the structure of DNA
Solving the structure of DNA

... DNA replication must have high fidelity. Why? Well, if DNA replication was low fidelity the consequences would be: ...
Recombinant DNA Technology and Molecular Cloning
Recombinant DNA Technology and Molecular Cloning

... • Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are important tools for mapping and analysis of ...
gene duplication
gene duplication

... but most genes actually code for multiple proteins because they join different “exons” the executable or coding portions of a gene together to make different proteins. This process is called alternative splicing. ...
Pl Path 111- Variability in Plant Pathogens
Pl Path 111- Variability in Plant Pathogens

Cell Division - OpenStax CNX
Cell Division - OpenStax CNX

... that is necessary to accurately produce gametes, the genes found on the X and Y chromosomes are dierent. ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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