• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 18 Practice Multiple Choice
Chapter 18 Practice Multiple Choice

... a. The usual mRNAs transcribed from centromeric DNA will be missing from the cells. b. Tetrads will no longer be able to form during meiosis I. c. Centromeres will be euchromatic rather than heterochromatic and the cells will soon die in culture. d. The cells will no longer be able to resist bacteri ...
File
File

... Chapter 7 DNA, RNA, Proteins Draw a DNA molecule in double helix shape. Show and label base pairs – use the full words or a key to explain what the “letters” stand for! Draw and label the 3 parts of a nucleotide. Explain 3 differences in structure between DNA and RNA. Describe the process of DNA rep ...
protein synthesis notes
protein synthesis notes

...  No operons…b/c genes w/similar functions are scattered among different chromosomes  Multicellular organisms have different types of cells, all somatic cells contain the same DNA…but what makes them different is which genes are turned on/off  Ex. Every cell has hemoglobin genes, but only turned “ ...
Retinal Gene Therapy - the Royal College of Ophthalmologists
Retinal Gene Therapy - the Royal College of Ophthalmologists

... capable of infecting a specific cell type which has had all wild type genetic material removed – in place of the viral genes, therapeutic genes are inserted through the process of viral cloning. Some viruses (e.g. lentiviruses) carry an RNA template which is used to reverse transcribe double-strande ...
011 Chapter 11 Microbial Genetics: Gene Structure Replication amp
011 Chapter 11 Microbial Genetics: Gene Structure Replication amp

... 58. DNA replication is a complex process, and as a result the frequency of error is quite high. True False 59. The DNA of bacteria, like that of eucaryotes, is associated with basic proteins known as histones. True False ...
The Nature of Science
The Nature of Science

SUNY-ESF Web
SUNY-ESF Web

... 16S rRNA.. TATA Box– A conserved nucleotide sequence found in many eukaryotic promoters of structural genes found -35 of the initiation nucleotide. Unlike the Pribnow box, it is not necessary for RNA transcription but rather defines the initation codon for the mRNA.. Wobble Hypothesis (define it - ...
DNA.Protein.Synthesis Notes
DNA.Protein.Synthesis Notes

... Elongation adds amino acids to the polypeptide chain until a stop codon terminates translation – Once initiation is complete amino acids are added one by one to the first amino acid – The mRNA moves a codon at a time • A tRNA with a complementary anticodon pairs with each codon, adding its amino ac ...
Mutations - Northeast High School
Mutations - Northeast High School

... (4) cause frameshifts which can alter the gene so that its message is no longer correctly phrased. For example, consider the sentence, “The fat cat sat.” Each word represents a codon. If we delete the first letter the sentence doesn’t make sense, “hef act ats at”. The same thing happens to DNA if a ...
Webquests_files/heridity SWQ
Webquests_files/heridity SWQ

... 2. Individuals carry _____ genes for each trait, one from the _________________ and one from the ________________________. 3. When an individual reproduces, the two genes ____________ and end up in separate_________. Go to: http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/heredity.html Go to the link that says M ...
Review for Biology Spring Semester
Review for Biology Spring Semester

... 11. Compare mitosis and meiosis: purpose, number of cell divisions, products… Mitosis is asexual reproduction to help your body replace old cells and heal, there is only one set of division that produces the same amount of chromosomes (Humans=2323) Meiosis is sexual reproduction to make gametes (s ...
Cell Division - OpenStax CNX
Cell Division - OpenStax CNX

... that is necessary to accurately produce gametes, the genes found on the X and Y chromosomes are dierent. ...
Notification: “Statement of activity with biological agents
Notification: “Statement of activity with biological agents

... Experimental procedures with established lines of genetically modified mice of P1 risk level, provided that they are not inoculated with biological agents, viral vectors or hazardous chemical agents. ...
Name Period ______ Ms Foglia • AP Biology Date LAB: CLONING
Name Period ______ Ms Foglia • AP Biology Date LAB: CLONING

... and A whenever it encounters the six-base sequence AAGCTT. 4. Examine the DNA sequence for the plasmid and the jellyfish gene. Which restriction enzyme should you use to cut the plasmid? The jellyfish gene? Remember, when you cut each gene, you need to retain the start and stop sequences. Should you ...
MCDB 1041 3/15/13 Working with DNA and Biotechnology Part I
MCDB 1041 3/15/13 Working with DNA and Biotechnology Part I

... is  a  phosphomannose  isomerase  selectable  marker.  Why  might  you  want  to  use  the  phosphomannose   isomerase  selectable  marker  instead  of  the  antibiotic  resistance  gene  normally  present  in  these  plasmids?   ...
Supplementary information - Springer Static Content Server
Supplementary information - Springer Static Content Server

... use as a chassis the strain previously identified as MG1655 at the ECGSC 1, a strain that was used with success recently in experiments exploring the swarming behaviour of E. coli 5. In ...
NAME HONORS BIO CLASSIFICATION TEST VERSION A
NAME HONORS BIO CLASSIFICATION TEST VERSION A

... 1. Which of the original 5 kingdoms was divided in two to make the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria groups used today? A. Protista B. Monera C. Eukarya D. Thermophilia 2. Which domain includes organisms from more than one kingdom? A. Prokarya B. Protista C. Archaea D. Eukarya 3. The branch of biology t ...
What happens in a Genetics Laboratory
What happens in a Genetics Laboratory

Manual: XL10-Gold® Ultracompetent Cells
Manual: XL10-Gold® Ultracompetent Cells

... 3. Add 4 µl of the β-ME mix provided with this kit to each aliquot of cells. 4. Swirl the tubes gently. Incubate the cells on ice for 10 minutes, swirling gently every 2 minutes. 5. Add 0.1-50 ng of the experimental DNA (or 2 µl of a ligation mixture) to one aliquot of cells. Dilute the pUC18 contro ...
Lec 08 - Development of e
Lec 08 - Development of e

... gas used in World Wars I and II) could cause mutations in cells. Since that time, many other mutagenic chemicals have been identified and there is a huge industry and government bureaucracy dedicated to finding them in food additives, industrial wastes, etc. It is possible to distinguish chemical mu ...
Midterm #1 Study Guide
Midterm #1 Study Guide

... What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Where do these processes occur? What are the results from each? Proteins associated with DNA in eukaryotes are called ______. Histone–DNA units are called _______. Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids? ...
Section 4
Section 4

... – During translation, amino acids are assembled from information encoded in mRNA. – As the mRNA codons move through the ribosome, tRNAs add specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. – The process continues until a stop codon is reached and the newly made protein is released. ...
Rapid Communication: Mapping of the Titin (TTN) Gene to Pig
Rapid Communication: Mapping of the Titin (TTN) Gene to Pig

... 15q23–q26. The linkage results were obtained using two-point linkage analysis with the CRI-MAP program (Green et al., 1990) and the genotypes of PiGMaP animals (Archibald et al., 1995). The genetic mapping confirmed that the chromosome location was SSC15 and showed that TTN is linked to the followin ...
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard

... of DNA. Mutations may affect only one gene, or they may affect whole chromosomes. • Mutations in eggs or sperm affect future generations by producing offspring with new characteristics. Mutations in body cells affect only the individual and may result in cancer. ...
DNA, RNA, and Proteins
DNA, RNA, and Proteins

... —  Translation: The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains ...
< 1 ... 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 ... 481 >

Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report