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(P) BioSafety Policy - Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
(P) BioSafety Policy - Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences

... including the process of deciding whether to engage in a project that involves genetic modification or genetic engineering. These documents can be found on BLOS Storage\Resources\Safety\IBC or by contacting the chair of the IBC (see below). For clarity, when working with genes it is necessary to dis ...
About DNA Ligase The term ligase comes from the latin ligare
About DNA Ligase The term ligase comes from the latin ligare

... special type of ligase, which is an enzyme that repairs breaks in DNA molecules in the cell. Ligase is present in many organisms from bacteriophages to humans, and is used to join Okazaki fragments together. Do you remember what those are? We talked about how DNA can only replicated from the 5’ end ...
File
File

... Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (SL) Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA. State that, in gel electrophoresis, fragments of DNA move in an electric field and are separated according to their size. State that gel electrophoresis of DNA ...
March 20, 2011 - Transcript
March 20, 2011 - Transcript

... as a result they tend to incur many more mistakes and abnormalities in their DNA as they divide and the genetic instability can be at the level of broken or missing chromosomes, or too many chromosomes because the cell division does not occur properly, so the chromosomes do not segregate to the daug ...
What have we learned from Unicellular Genomes?
What have we learned from Unicellular Genomes?

... pulse-field gel electrophoresis before random fragmentation and cloning; 22 853 764 with 5268 ORFs; 19.4% GC; 52.6% coding capacity; average gene length 2283 bp. – Mitochondrial: 5967 bp encodes 3 proteins – Apicoplastic: 29 422 bp encodes 30 proteins ...
Introduction To Molecular Biology
Introduction To Molecular Biology

... of all cellular organisms and most viruses.  DNA; the gigantic molecule which is used to encode genetic information for all life on Earth.  A human cell contains about 2 meters of DNA. DNA in the body could stretch to the sun and back almost 100 times. So it is tightly packed.  DNA responsible fo ...
Mitochondrial inheritance - Centre for Genetics Education
Mitochondrial inheritance - Centre for Genetics Education

REPRODUCTION and GENETICS
REPRODUCTION and GENETICS

... • Chromosomes are made partly of longchain molecules called DNA, which is made of segments called genes. • So… a gene is a segment of a DNA molecule that contains information that governs a specific trait. ...
Human Genome Project
Human Genome Project

... •Unlike the human's seemingly random distribution of gene-rich areas, many other organisms' genomes are more uniform, with genes evenly spaced throughout. •Humans have on average three times as many kinds of proteins as the fly or worm because of mRNA transcript "alternative splicing" and chemical m ...
Genetics review
Genetics review

... Molecule 1 will split apart, triggering an immune response. ...
How Genes and Genomes Evolve
How Genes and Genomes Evolve

... • Moderately repetitive DNA – 10-80% of eukaryotic genomes • Coding repeats – Ribosomal RNA genes • rRNA is necessary in large amounts • Genes are arrayed tandemly ...
BIOL 1107 - Chapter 17
BIOL 1107 - Chapter 17

... Molecular cloning is the isolation of a specific DNA sequence (usually protein-encoding) -Sometimes called gene cloning The most flexible and common host for cloning is E. coli Propagation of DNA in a host cell requires a vector ...
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard - Broken Arrow Public Schools
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard - Broken Arrow Public Schools

... they provide instructions for making the protein. • More than one codon can code for the same amino acid. • However, for any one codon, there can be only one amino acid. ...
File
File

... Our definition of a gene has evolved over the past few chapters, as it has through the history of genetics. We began with the Mendelian concept of a gene as a discrete unit of inheritance that affects a phenotypic character (Chapter 11). We saw that Morgan and his colleagues assigned such genes to sp ...
Curriculum Calendar Biology A 2nd Trimester 2008-2009
Curriculum Calendar Biology A 2nd Trimester 2008-2009

... - Notes: Protein Synthesis - Wkst: Protein Construction site *SC.CM.LS.02.01Describe the structure of DNA and the way that DNA functions to control protein sysnthesis ...
Proc 16(4) Oct 03 web.indd
Proc 16(4) Oct 03 web.indd

... of chromosomes (Figure 7). Currently complementing conventional cytogenetics, SKI is used on dividing cells in the metaphase stage. The cell karyotype is depicted on the digital screen, aligned according to chromosome pair color and numeric order (Figure 8). The pathologist can then readily identify ...
IB Topics DNA HL
IB Topics DNA HL

... chromosomes and help to regulate transcription. ...
Meiosis
Meiosis

... – THINK? – What is the eye color for each chromosome pair? • Bb = Brown eyes • BB = Brown • bb = blue ...
DNA and Mutations Webquest
DNA and Mutations Webquest

... 1. What is sickle-cell anemia? 2. People with _________ copies of the gene have the disease. 3. What are the effects of the sickle cell gene? ...
$doc.title

... “As   most   engineered   cells   are   being   made   to   perform   work   superfluous   to   their   cri]cal  func]ons,  they  are  likely  to  be  out-­‐competed  beyond  the  comforts  of  the  lab   and   therefore   either   die   o ...
BIOL 1010
BIOL 1010

... into a bacterium, using a plasmid as a vector (see next paragraph) – the bacterium could then produce the human form of insulin. A plasmid is a circlet of DNA found in a bacterium. Plasmids are unique to bacteria and are a means by which bacteria can actually exchange genetic material. Scientists ha ...
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

... Messenger RNA contains genetic information. It is a copy of a portion of the DNA. It carries genetic information from the gene (DNA) out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm of the cell where it is translated to produce protein. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) This type of RNA is a structural component of the ri ...
DNATeachPrep
DNATeachPrep

... DNA. DNA polymerase can “proofread” each new double helix DNA strand for mistakes and backtrack to fix any mistakes it finds. To fix a mistake, DNA polymerase removes the incorrectly paired nucleotide and replaces it with the correct one. If a mistake is made and not found, the mistake can become pe ...
double core - MG University
double core - MG University

... Part C (Answer any 4- weight 2 each) 26. What are the advantages of using a restriction enzyme with relatively few cutting sites? When would you use such enzymes? 25. The human insulin gene contains a number of introns. In spite of the fact that bacterial cells do not excise introns from mRNA, expla ...
Behind the Scenes of Gene Expression
Behind the Scenes of Gene Expression

... human chromosome 14q32, arranged enhancers. Transcription can occur only if the much the same way that Princeton’s Shirley enhancers interact with promoters located Tilghman had found them in the mouse. near each gene. Last year Gary Felsenfeld The organization of the DNA around both and A. C. Bell ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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