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Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... e. How did Morgan explain this? Maybe the traits were on the same chromosome (linked) f. If they are linked what results should Morgan have seen? He should have seen a 1 gray/normal : 1 black/vestigial ratio g. Why didn’t he get 1:1? Crossing Over ...
Leukaemia Section t(10;11)(p11.2;q23) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
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... A. Partial Q-banded karyotype showing the t(10;11)(p11.2;q23), derivative chromosomes are on the right. B. FISH using RP13-31H8 (ABI1) shows one signal on the normal chromosome 10 and the another one split between the p arm of der(10) (arrowheads) and the q arm of der(11) (arrow). The BAC clone was ...
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... How is the genetic blueprint that makes you who you are transferred faithfully from one cell to the next? Why are the offspring of two parents different than one another? What happens when something goes wrong during meiosis? How do genetic traits get passed from parent to offspring? If two parents ...
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Study Guide - Flagler Schools
Study Guide - Flagler Schools

... Compare  and  contrast  photosynthesis  and  cellular  respiration  (Know  the  reactants   and  products).       Understand  how  invasive  species  can  negatively  impact  an  ecosystem.       Know  the  10%  rule  of  energy  efficien ...
the genetics of viruses and bacteria
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... ° Microbes such as E. coli and its viruses are called model systems because of their use in studies that reveal broad biological principles. ° Microbiologists provided most of the evidence that genes are made of DNA, and they worked out most of the major steps in DNA replication, transcription, and ...
Full text - Caister Academic Press
Full text - Caister Academic Press

... DNAs with a GC content higher than the GC content of their own genome. Bacterial and archaeal genomes with high AT content are protected from attacks by most viruses. On the other hand, it is difficult for those organisms to use any plasmids. The genome sizes of obligate host-associated bacteria are ...
File - Amazing World of Science with Mr. Green
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... How DNA Controls the Workings of the Cell Below are two partial sequences of DNA bases (shown for only one strand of DNA) Sequence 1 is from a human and sequence 2 is from a cow. In both humans and cows, this sequence is part of a set of instructions for controlling a bodily function. In this case, ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Note Packet
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Note Packet

... 2. Messenger RNA is the _____________________ between the DNA in the nucleus and the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 3. The instructions are carried in the form of _____________. The first codon is called the __________________. This is the point at which mRNA will attach to the ribosome. This tells the ...
Chapter 11 Protein Characterization
Chapter 11 Protein Characterization

... SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrolysis is a technique widely used to separate proteins according to their electrophoresis mobility (a function of length of polypeptide chain or molecular weight). For this procedure, an electric current is applied to the gel so that the sepa ...
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... which involve losses and gains of whole chromosomes. This results in aneuploidy. Alternatively, parts of chromosomes may be lost, or we can observe chromosome translocations, gene amplifications, and mitotic recombinations. Many cancers show evidence of chromosomal instability. For example, 87% of s ...
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No Slide Title

... RAPD- random amplified polymorphic DNA ...
8.2 Structure of DNA
8.2 Structure of DNA

... more structural genes that code for all the proteins needed to do a job. – Operons are most common in prokaryotes. – The lac operon was one of the first examples of gene regulation to be discovered. – The lac operon has three genes that code for enzymes that break down lactose. ...
HB-ATAR-Unit-2
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... male  and  female  gametes  and  birth.  Disruptions  to  the  early  development  stages  can  be  caused  by  genetic  and  environmental  factors:  inheritance   can   be   predicted   using   established   genetic   principles.   The   te ...
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... yielding “sticky ends,” single strands of nucleotide bases capable of binding with complementary sticky ends. By using enzymes that will cut the DNA on either side of the gene, the gene can be clipped out of the DNA strand. Once scientists obtain the gene they are looking for, they must somehow get ...
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... • Chromosome definition: in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA ...
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... • Each cell in our body has exactly the same DNA, but only certain genes are ‘turned on’ at a time – Ex) the genes that determine hair color are only turned on in our hair follicles, and the genes that determine our height are ...
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... perspective, began in 1981 with the publication1 of the complete sequence of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The Cambridge reference sequence (CRS), as it is now designated, continues to be indispensable for studies of human evolution, population genetics and mitochondrial diseases. It has been rec ...
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... dimethylation marks ensures PGC totipotency and prevents the accumulation of epimutations. On p. 2892, Yoshiyuki Seki and co-workers explore the mechanisms underlying genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming in mouse PGCs by investigating the dynamics of epigenetic modifications in transposable elements ...
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campbell biology in focus
campbell biology in focus

... came from each of the following branches of science? A. physics B. chemistry C. biology ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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