Lecture 16: Expression of genetic information
... - tRNA (transfer RNA) - rRNA (ribosome) Polynucleotides like DNA It has some differences: 1- Single strand, but folded, form short double stranded segment. 2- Pentose sugar is ribose 3- The base Uracil substitutes for thymine ...
... - tRNA (transfer RNA) - rRNA (ribosome) Polynucleotides like DNA It has some differences: 1- Single strand, but folded, form short double stranded segment. 2- Pentose sugar is ribose 3- The base Uracil substitutes for thymine ...
Leukaemia Section t(12;22)(p13;q11-12) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... Phenotype / cell stem origin M4 ANLL often (6/11); M7 ANLL, other ANLL; RAEB evolving towards ANLL; ‘atypical CML’; may occur secondary to genotoxic exposure. Epidemiology Yet poorly known; median age: 22 yrs (range 8-60; n=11 cases herein reviewed); male predominance so far ...
... Phenotype / cell stem origin M4 ANLL often (6/11); M7 ANLL, other ANLL; RAEB evolving towards ANLL; ‘atypical CML’; may occur secondary to genotoxic exposure. Epidemiology Yet poorly known; median age: 22 yrs (range 8-60; n=11 cases herein reviewed); male predominance so far ...
(RBPs) have been demonstrated to perform central roles in these
... cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Unlike most interspecific or intergeneric allopolyploids, xBrassicoraphanus is a rarely successful polyploid displaying intermediate phenotypes for many traits. Their stable inheritance and great fertility indicate that genome incompatibil ...
... cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Unlike most interspecific or intergeneric allopolyploids, xBrassicoraphanus is a rarely successful polyploid displaying intermediate phenotypes for many traits. Their stable inheritance and great fertility indicate that genome incompatibil ...
Let-7 is - University of Colorado-MCDB
... C. Likely a small RNA that inhibits translation of its target mRNA D. A small RNA that inhibits transcription of its target gene ...
... C. Likely a small RNA that inhibits translation of its target mRNA D. A small RNA that inhibits transcription of its target gene ...
Setting up a transformation--how will the competent cells be treated?
... amount of target mRNA in C. elegans. – Mechanistic explanations for this observations: • Catalytic mechanism: each siRNA fragment can be ...
... amount of target mRNA in C. elegans. – Mechanistic explanations for this observations: • Catalytic mechanism: each siRNA fragment can be ...
TRANSCRIPTION-TRANSLATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
... RNA polymerase II makes mRNA genes that code for protein RNA polymerase III makes transfer RNA ...
... RNA polymerase II makes mRNA genes that code for protein RNA polymerase III makes transfer RNA ...
Supplementary Information Text
... To generate substitution rates for the chimp/human comparison, we constructed four-way alignments of human, mouse, chimpanzee, and rat using M-LAGAN and limited our analysis to conserved regions with p-values less than a cutoff number using PEAKVISTA (S. Prabhakar, unpublished work). Simple scripts ...
... To generate substitution rates for the chimp/human comparison, we constructed four-way alignments of human, mouse, chimpanzee, and rat using M-LAGAN and limited our analysis to conserved regions with p-values less than a cutoff number using PEAKVISTA (S. Prabhakar, unpublished work). Simple scripts ...
D. Cell Specialization: Regulation of Transcription Cell
... d. Transcription factors regulate promoter activation – Core promoter made up of TATAbox and CpG islands • Site of RNA Pol II recruitment and activation ...
... d. Transcription factors regulate promoter activation – Core promoter made up of TATAbox and CpG islands • Site of RNA Pol II recruitment and activation ...
Composite Transposons
... 700 to 5000 bp which can move from one location in a DNA sequence to another. They have short 16-41 bp inverted repeats on their ends. They encode a transposase which catalyses site-specific recombination. ...
... 700 to 5000 bp which can move from one location in a DNA sequence to another. They have short 16-41 bp inverted repeats on their ends. They encode a transposase which catalyses site-specific recombination. ...
Access Slides
... A common multi-protein machinery transcribes many thousands of genes coding for proteins in eukaryotes. Recent structural studies have provided Information about the Pol II-based eukaryotic transcription machinery and about Mediator, the complex involved in transcription regulation during initiation ...
... A common multi-protein machinery transcribes many thousands of genes coding for proteins in eukaryotes. Recent structural studies have provided Information about the Pol II-based eukaryotic transcription machinery and about Mediator, the complex involved in transcription regulation during initiation ...
AGO1-IP approach to small RNA target discovery in Arabidopsis
... A drawback of the method is its intrinsic reliance on sufficient VSR expression levels in the tissues of interest. This may partly explain its poor performances in roots (Figure S5), where the 35S promoter is reputed to be only weakly active in several cell layers. Constitutive VSR expression might ...
... A drawback of the method is its intrinsic reliance on sufficient VSR expression levels in the tissues of interest. This may partly explain its poor performances in roots (Figure S5), where the 35S promoter is reputed to be only weakly active in several cell layers. Constitutive VSR expression might ...
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
... transcription? It prevents RNA polymerase from binding to thepromoter. ...
... transcription? It prevents RNA polymerase from binding to thepromoter. ...
Ultraconserved Elements in the Human Genome
... coding exons from known genes. In 17 of these 24 “ancient” cases there is clear mRNA or EST evidence that the coding region overlapped by the element is alternatively spliced in human. These include alternatively spliced exons of genes EIF2C1, BCL11A, EVI1, ZFR, CLK4, HNRPH1, and DDX5, as well as GR ...
... coding exons from known genes. In 17 of these 24 “ancient” cases there is clear mRNA or EST evidence that the coding region overlapped by the element is alternatively spliced in human. These include alternatively spliced exons of genes EIF2C1, BCL11A, EVI1, ZFR, CLK4, HNRPH1, and DDX5, as well as GR ...
translational - Bioinformatics Institute
... • Exonucleases ‘attack’ its free 3’ end and rapidly degrades mRNA. • Appears to increase the efficiency by which an mRNA is translated. Not all mRNAs (encoding proteins) are polyadenylated, e.g.mRNAs encoding Histones. ...
... • Exonucleases ‘attack’ its free 3’ end and rapidly degrades mRNA. • Appears to increase the efficiency by which an mRNA is translated. Not all mRNAs (encoding proteins) are polyadenylated, e.g.mRNAs encoding Histones. ...
C. elegans
... genes, analogous to the operons of bacteria. The genes in these operons are of course transcribed together as a polycistronic transcript and hence are coordinately expressed, but the downstream genes are translated as a result of a trans-splicing event in which a short RNA leader is spliced onto the ...
... genes, analogous to the operons of bacteria. The genes in these operons are of course transcribed together as a polycistronic transcript and hence are coordinately expressed, but the downstream genes are translated as a result of a trans-splicing event in which a short RNA leader is spliced onto the ...
Genomic and comparative genomic analysis
... entire genomes. Use information from many genomes to learn more about the individual genes. ...
... entire genomes. Use information from many genomes to learn more about the individual genes. ...
Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS)
... Most widely held view is that RNAi evolved to protect the genome from viruses (and perhaps transposons or mobile DNAs). • Some viruses have proteins that suppress silencing: 1. HCPro - first one identified, found in plant potyviruses (V. Vance) 2. P19 - tomato bushy stunt virus, binds to siRNAs and ...
... Most widely held view is that RNAi evolved to protect the genome from viruses (and perhaps transposons or mobile DNAs). • Some viruses have proteins that suppress silencing: 1. HCPro - first one identified, found in plant potyviruses (V. Vance) 2. P19 - tomato bushy stunt virus, binds to siRNAs and ...
Evidence for determination of the blastoderm
... mutations which arrest normal development at the earliest possible stages with major effects on development. Christiana Nusslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus – Nobel Winners in 1995! Cross to show a recessive female sterile mutation (fs) + / fs female X + / fs male ...
... mutations which arrest normal development at the earliest possible stages with major effects on development. Christiana Nusslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus – Nobel Winners in 1995! Cross to show a recessive female sterile mutation (fs) + / fs female X + / fs male ...
genome
... assumed that the larger genomes code for additional functions. Chloroplast genomes range from 120~200 kb. Those that have been sequenced have a similar organization and coding functions. In both mitochondria and chloroplasts, many of the major proteins contain some subunits synthesized in the organe ...
... assumed that the larger genomes code for additional functions. Chloroplast genomes range from 120~200 kb. Those that have been sequenced have a similar organization and coding functions. In both mitochondria and chloroplasts, many of the major proteins contain some subunits synthesized in the organe ...
Transcription and Translation Candy
... Where does transcription take place?_________________ The end product of transcription is ________________. Where does translation take place? __________________ The final product of translation is _________________. What are the main types of RNA and what is each of their function? ...
... Where does transcription take place?_________________ The end product of transcription is ________________. Where does translation take place? __________________ The final product of translation is _________________. What are the main types of RNA and what is each of their function? ...
DNA RNA protein DNA REPLICATION
... DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS! The genetic material is stored in the form of DNA in most organisms. In humans, the nucleus of each cell contains 3 × 109 base pairs of DNA distributed over 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. This is known collectively as th ...
... DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS! The genetic material is stored in the form of DNA in most organisms. In humans, the nucleus of each cell contains 3 × 109 base pairs of DNA distributed over 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. This is known collectively as th ...
Slide ()
... The transcription cycle. The transcription cycle can be described in six steps: (1) Template binding and closed RNA polymerase-promoter complex formation: RNAP binds to DNA and then locates a promoter (P), (2) Open promoter complex formation: once bound to the promoter, RNAP melts the two DNA strand ...
... The transcription cycle. The transcription cycle can be described in six steps: (1) Template binding and closed RNA polymerase-promoter complex formation: RNAP binds to DNA and then locates a promoter (P), (2) Open promoter complex formation: once bound to the promoter, RNAP melts the two DNA strand ...
origin of genes, the genetic code, and genomes
... A pocket at the center of the GlmS ribozyme specifically binds a molecule of glucosamine-6phosphate close to the scissile phosphate; the glucosamine-6-phosphate plays a key role in GlmS acid-base catalysis. Similar recruitment of amino acids as cofactors might have been the first step from an RNA wo ...
... A pocket at the center of the GlmS ribozyme specifically binds a molecule of glucosamine-6phosphate close to the scissile phosphate; the glucosamine-6-phosphate plays a key role in GlmS acid-base catalysis. Similar recruitment of amino acids as cofactors might have been the first step from an RNA wo ...
Reporter constructs are a tool for studying gene regulation
... paternal gene is not encoded in the DNA. The factor is outside the gene, but is heritable Methylation can be maintained across generations by methylases that recognize methyl groups on one strand and respond by methylating the opposite strand Fig. 15.15 c ...
... paternal gene is not encoded in the DNA. The factor is outside the gene, but is heritable Methylation can be maintained across generations by methylases that recognize methyl groups on one strand and respond by methylating the opposite strand Fig. 15.15 c ...