REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
... becomes stable throughout the lineage. Only maternal or paternal copy of the gene is ...
... becomes stable throughout the lineage. Only maternal or paternal copy of the gene is ...
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation (PowerPoint) Gulf Coast 2012
... RNA polymerase binds to lacI promoter Repressor mRNA is transcribed Repressor protein is translated at the ribosome Repressor protein bind to operator The bound repressor protein prevent RNA polymerase from binding to Plac promoter 6. No structural gene expression Instructor should shuffle these eve ...
... RNA polymerase binds to lacI promoter Repressor mRNA is transcribed Repressor protein is translated at the ribosome Repressor protein bind to operator The bound repressor protein prevent RNA polymerase from binding to Plac promoter 6. No structural gene expression Instructor should shuffle these eve ...
Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression
... There seem to be two categories of genes involved in cancer: oncogenes, which code for proteins to regulate cell growth, and should not be stuck “on,” much like the accelerator in a car; and tumor-suppressor genes, which work like the brakes on a car and must function! Let’s begin with a look at the ...
... There seem to be two categories of genes involved in cancer: oncogenes, which code for proteins to regulate cell growth, and should not be stuck “on,” much like the accelerator in a car; and tumor-suppressor genes, which work like the brakes on a car and must function! Let’s begin with a look at the ...
RNA synthesis/Transcription I Biochemistry 302
... No independent 3′→5′ exonuclease activity but may have kinetic proofreading capabilities Two binding sites for ribonucleotides – Initiation site binds only purine rNTPs (GTP or ATP) with Kd = 100 µM…most mRNAs start with purine on 5′ end. – Elongation site binds any of 4 rNTPs with Kd = 10 µM. ...
... No independent 3′→5′ exonuclease activity but may have kinetic proofreading capabilities Two binding sites for ribonucleotides – Initiation site binds only purine rNTPs (GTP or ATP) with Kd = 100 µM…most mRNAs start with purine on 5′ end. – Elongation site binds any of 4 rNTPs with Kd = 10 µM. ...
gene families
... least 30,000 and maybe 40,000 genes, apparently because of the complex aquatic environments it inhabits (several “species” in one genome!). The Ixodes scapularis deer tick (vector of Lyme disease) genome is huge at around 2.2 Gbp, and the Rhodnius prolixus kissing bug (vector of Chagas disease) is a ...
... least 30,000 and maybe 40,000 genes, apparently because of the complex aquatic environments it inhabits (several “species” in one genome!). The Ixodes scapularis deer tick (vector of Lyme disease) genome is huge at around 2.2 Gbp, and the Rhodnius prolixus kissing bug (vector of Chagas disease) is a ...
Transcriptional Activation I
... Terminology • Promoter: The region of DNA 100-1,000bp immediately “upstream” of the TSS, which encodes binding sites for the general purpose RNA polymerase associated TFs, and at times some context specific sites. – There are as many promoters as there are TSS’s in the human genome. Many genes have ...
... Terminology • Promoter: The region of DNA 100-1,000bp immediately “upstream” of the TSS, which encodes binding sites for the general purpose RNA polymerase associated TFs, and at times some context specific sites. – There are as many promoters as there are TSS’s in the human genome. Many genes have ...
Eukaryotic Genome: Organization, Regulation, and Evolution
... Thus histone acetylation enzymes may promote the initiation of transcription not only by modifying chromatin structure, but also by binding to and recruiting components of the transcription machinery. ...
... Thus histone acetylation enzymes may promote the initiation of transcription not only by modifying chromatin structure, but also by binding to and recruiting components of the transcription machinery. ...
Promoter identification
... completely conserved ⟹ similar elements will be found purely by chance all over the genome. ...
... completely conserved ⟹ similar elements will be found purely by chance all over the genome. ...
CHAPTER 17
... core promoter of certain genes, but not next to the core promoter of most genes. Answer: The glucocorticoid receptor binds only next to genes that have a GRE by their core promoters. FIGURE 17.8 Concept check: How might nucleosome eviction affect transcription? Answer: Nucleosome eviction may allow ...
... core promoter of certain genes, but not next to the core promoter of most genes. Answer: The glucocorticoid receptor binds only next to genes that have a GRE by their core promoters. FIGURE 17.8 Concept check: How might nucleosome eviction affect transcription? Answer: Nucleosome eviction may allow ...
Piwi-interacting RNAs and the role of RNA interference
... The understanding of how these proteins regulate the germline was unclear until the discovery of the small RNA that associates with them.1 Small RNA that partners with Piwi proteins was discovered by Lau et al.8 They discovered testis-specific RNA in extracts from rat testis. In samples of a partia ...
... The understanding of how these proteins regulate the germline was unclear until the discovery of the small RNA that associates with them.1 Small RNA that partners with Piwi proteins was discovered by Lau et al.8 They discovered testis-specific RNA in extracts from rat testis. In samples of a partia ...
Biology for Bioinformatics - NIU Department of Biological
... polypeptides. That is, the base sequence of the mRNA is used as a code to construct an entirely different molecule, the polypeptide. The polypeptide is synthesized from N-terminus to C-terminus, based on free -NH2 and -COOH groups on terminal amino acids of the polypeptide. The polypeptide is collin ...
... polypeptides. That is, the base sequence of the mRNA is used as a code to construct an entirely different molecule, the polypeptide. The polypeptide is synthesized from N-terminus to C-terminus, based on free -NH2 and -COOH groups on terminal amino acids of the polypeptide. The polypeptide is collin ...
Biology for Bioinformatics
... polypeptides. That is, the base sequence of the mRNA is used as a code to construct an entirely different molecule, the polypeptide. The polypeptide is synthesized from N-terminus to C-terminus, based on free -NH2 and -COOH groups on terminal amino acids of the polypeptide. The polypeptide is collin ...
... polypeptides. That is, the base sequence of the mRNA is used as a code to construct an entirely different molecule, the polypeptide. The polypeptide is synthesized from N-terminus to C-terminus, based on free -NH2 and -COOH groups on terminal amino acids of the polypeptide. The polypeptide is collin ...
reading guide
... There seem to be two categories of genes involved in cancer: oncogenes, which code for proteins to regulate cell growth, and should not be stuck “on,” much like the accelerator in a car; and tumor-suppressor genes, which work like the brakes on a car and must function! Let’s begin with a look at the ...
... There seem to be two categories of genes involved in cancer: oncogenes, which code for proteins to regulate cell growth, and should not be stuck “on,” much like the accelerator in a car; and tumor-suppressor genes, which work like the brakes on a car and must function! Let’s begin with a look at the ...
Jiang Lab Progress
... Leaf ploidy array summary • ~10% of all genes showed significant expression changes over ploidy levels • ~50% of ribosomal protein genes showed significant expression changes over ploidy levels • ~75% of histone genes showed significant expression changes over ploidy levels ...
... Leaf ploidy array summary • ~10% of all genes showed significant expression changes over ploidy levels • ~50% of ribosomal protein genes showed significant expression changes over ploidy levels • ~75% of histone genes showed significant expression changes over ploidy levels ...
Ensembl
... ncRNAs (2 types) I) RNA with low homology can be identified through conserved 2ary structure (search genome using Rfam pattern) II) High sequence conservation (miRNA) BLAST alignment ‘RNA fold’ applied to make sure sequences can fold (hairpin) ...
... ncRNAs (2 types) I) RNA with low homology can be identified through conserved 2ary structure (search genome using Rfam pattern) II) High sequence conservation (miRNA) BLAST alignment ‘RNA fold’ applied to make sure sequences can fold (hairpin) ...
Genes and Proteins
... (i) Binding of tRNAs and formation of peptide bonds between amino acids continues until the ribosomes reaches a stop codon. No tRNA binds to stop codons. Instead, protein “release factors” signal the ribosome to release the newly made protein. The mRNA is also released, and the subunits separate. ...
... (i) Binding of tRNAs and formation of peptide bonds between amino acids continues until the ribosomes reaches a stop codon. No tRNA binds to stop codons. Instead, protein “release factors” signal the ribosome to release the newly made protein. The mRNA is also released, and the subunits separate. ...
Text S1.
... Nora virus VP1 is unable to suppress the miRNA pathway Several plant virus RNAi suppressors influence the miRNA pathway, thereby inducing strong developmental defects in transgenic plants that express RNAi suppressors during development [1,2]. This effect may be due to convergence of the antiviral R ...
... Nora virus VP1 is unable to suppress the miRNA pathway Several plant virus RNAi suppressors influence the miRNA pathway, thereby inducing strong developmental defects in transgenic plants that express RNAi suppressors during development [1,2]. This effect may be due to convergence of the antiviral R ...
Naming `junk`: Human non-protein coding RNA (ncRNA) gene
... Since protein-coding genes comprise only two per cent of the human genome, the answer may lie in the large swathes of the genome previously regarded as ‘junk DNA’. Indeed, the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Consortium,2 which is aiming to identify all the functional elements in the human geno ...
... Since protein-coding genes comprise only two per cent of the human genome, the answer may lie in the large swathes of the genome previously regarded as ‘junk DNA’. Indeed, the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Consortium,2 which is aiming to identify all the functional elements in the human geno ...
Genetics Journal Club
... plays a role in a variety of biological processes, pathways and pathogenesis, possibly applicable to obesity through gene regulation ...
... plays a role in a variety of biological processes, pathways and pathogenesis, possibly applicable to obesity through gene regulation ...
Differential Gene Expression
... cell types and through developmental stages. 3. There can be multiple signals (e.g. multiple enhancer sites) for a given gene, and each enhancer can be bound by more than one transcription factor (not at the same time). 4. Transcription is regulated by the interaction of transcription factors bound ...
... cell types and through developmental stages. 3. There can be multiple signals (e.g. multiple enhancer sites) for a given gene, and each enhancer can be bound by more than one transcription factor (not at the same time). 4. Transcription is regulated by the interaction of transcription factors bound ...
Objectives • Describe the process of DNA transcription. • Explain
... In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcribed from a gene directly serves as the messenger molecule that is translated into a protein. But this is not the case in eukaryotic cells. In a eukaryotic cell, the RNA transcribed in the nucleus is modified or processed before it leaves the nucleus as mRNA to ...
... In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcribed from a gene directly serves as the messenger molecule that is translated into a protein. But this is not the case in eukaryotic cells. In a eukaryotic cell, the RNA transcribed in the nucleus is modified or processed before it leaves the nucleus as mRNA to ...
Gene Tagging with Transposons
... • F, G and I elements in Drosophila; LINEs in humans • Also called non-LTR retrotransposons because they lack inverted or direct repeats at their ends (do have target site repeats) • Retroposons all have a poly-A region at the end, evidence that these are reverse transcribed mRNAs that re-inserted i ...
... • F, G and I elements in Drosophila; LINEs in humans • Also called non-LTR retrotransposons because they lack inverted or direct repeats at their ends (do have target site repeats) • Retroposons all have a poly-A region at the end, evidence that these are reverse transcribed mRNAs that re-inserted i ...