Bio 102 Practice Problems
... 4. Many scientists contributed to our understanding that DNA is the genetic material, but only Watson and Crick won the Nobel Prize. What was it about their discovery that was especially important? A. For the first time, we understood how the genetic material was connected to a specific sequence of ...
... 4. Many scientists contributed to our understanding that DNA is the genetic material, but only Watson and Crick won the Nobel Prize. What was it about their discovery that was especially important? A. For the first time, we understood how the genetic material was connected to a specific sequence of ...
Chapter 16 Recombination DNA and Genetic Engineering
... • 1. PCR can create millions of copies of a single gene or a specific piece of DNA in a test tube. • 2. PCR is very specific—the targeted DNA sequence can be less than one part in a million of the total DNA sample; therefore a • single gene can be amplified using PCR. • 3. The polymerase chain reac ...
... • 1. PCR can create millions of copies of a single gene or a specific piece of DNA in a test tube. • 2. PCR is very specific—the targeted DNA sequence can be less than one part in a million of the total DNA sample; therefore a • single gene can be amplified using PCR. • 3. The polymerase chain reac ...
Genetics and Heredity
... European descent but is much rarer in other groups. One out of 25 whites (4% ) is a carrier. The normal allele for this gene codes for a membrane protein that functions in chloride ion transport between certain cells and the extracellular fluid. These chloride channels are defective or absent. The r ...
... European descent but is much rarer in other groups. One out of 25 whites (4% ) is a carrier. The normal allele for this gene codes for a membrane protein that functions in chloride ion transport between certain cells and the extracellular fluid. These chloride channels are defective or absent. The r ...
DNA Structure and Sequencing - SP14
... The size of the genome in one of the most well-studied prokaryotes, E.coli, is 4.6 million base pairs (approximately 1.1 mm, if cut and stretched out). So how does this t inside a small bacterial cell? The DNA is twisted by what is known as supercoiling. Supercoiling means that DNA is either under- ...
... The size of the genome in one of the most well-studied prokaryotes, E.coli, is 4.6 million base pairs (approximately 1.1 mm, if cut and stretched out). So how does this t inside a small bacterial cell? The DNA is twisted by what is known as supercoiling. Supercoiling means that DNA is either under- ...
Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
... Conjugation • Direct transfer of genetic material (usually plasmid DNA) from two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined by a sex pili. • Plasmid genes are not required for survival, but they tend to code for genes that increase fitness (ex. antibiotic resistance) video ...
... Conjugation • Direct transfer of genetic material (usually plasmid DNA) from two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined by a sex pili. • Plasmid genes are not required for survival, but they tend to code for genes that increase fitness (ex. antibiotic resistance) video ...
Glossary( PDF format / 71KB )
... Detection of cancer or other diseases by testing blood or other bodily fluids. This type of testing is less invasive than conventional physical biopsies. M ■Modular concept Individual modules can be combined to create a diverse variety of product configurations. The series also allows for flexibilit ...
... Detection of cancer or other diseases by testing blood or other bodily fluids. This type of testing is less invasive than conventional physical biopsies. M ■Modular concept Individual modules can be combined to create a diverse variety of product configurations. The series also allows for flexibilit ...
Vaccine
... Sometimes this is because the host's immune system simply doesn't respond adequately or at all. This may be due to a lowered immunity in general (diabetes, steroid use, HIV infection) or because the host's immune system does not have a B cell capable of generating antibodies to that antigen. Even if ...
... Sometimes this is because the host's immune system simply doesn't respond adequately or at all. This may be due to a lowered immunity in general (diabetes, steroid use, HIV infection) or because the host's immune system does not have a B cell capable of generating antibodies to that antigen. Even if ...
Immune System Powerpoint
... • Destroy cells infected by intracellular pathogens and cancer cells • Class I MHC molecules (nucleated body cells) expose foreign proteins • Activity enhanced by CD8 surface protein present on most cytotoxic T cells (similar to CD4 and class II MHC) • TC cell releases perforin, a protein that forms ...
... • Destroy cells infected by intracellular pathogens and cancer cells • Class I MHC molecules (nucleated body cells) expose foreign proteins • Activity enhanced by CD8 surface protein present on most cytotoxic T cells (similar to CD4 and class II MHC) • TC cell releases perforin, a protein that forms ...
Determination of the pH Scale by the Method of
... common binding mode, in which the molecule sticks into a groove of DNA. The binding is especially interesting if it is “sequence specific”, such that the molecule binds only to specific sequences of DNA base pairs. Such molecules can be used as diagnostics, to indicate if a certain type of DNA is pr ...
... common binding mode, in which the molecule sticks into a groove of DNA. The binding is especially interesting if it is “sequence specific”, such that the molecule binds only to specific sequences of DNA base pairs. Such molecules can be used as diagnostics, to indicate if a certain type of DNA is pr ...
My Genetics, DNA and Evolution Term Summary! [PDF
... Translation is the making of a protein using the code n mRNA. It occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are made from ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA interacts with rRNA and slides through its subunits. All proteins have their own characteristic shape enabling them to carry out their specifi ...
... Translation is the making of a protein using the code n mRNA. It occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are made from ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA interacts with rRNA and slides through its subunits. All proteins have their own characteristic shape enabling them to carry out their specifi ...
Concepts of Genetics Necessities of Life Reproduction: DNA DNA
... •The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA unit (or gene) coding for that polypeptide. •Protein synthesis is a two-step process: –Transcription: copying the DNA to RNA –Translation: using the RNA to assemble the polypeptide ...
... •The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA unit (or gene) coding for that polypeptide. •Protein synthesis is a two-step process: –Transcription: copying the DNA to RNA –Translation: using the RNA to assemble the polypeptide ...
8 7 Mutations
... DNA, but the mutation will not be passed on to your kids!!!! ○ Aging, cancer • IF in a gamete (sperm or egg cell), the altered DNA will be transmitted to embryo and may be passed to subsequent generations (genetic disorders)!!!! • ○ If the mutation affects a single gene, it is known as a gene mutati ...
... DNA, but the mutation will not be passed on to your kids!!!! ○ Aging, cancer • IF in a gamete (sperm or egg cell), the altered DNA will be transmitted to embryo and may be passed to subsequent generations (genetic disorders)!!!! • ○ If the mutation affects a single gene, it is known as a gene mutati ...
Innate and adaptive immunity
... receptors on their surface. • Dendritic cells (and macrophages) present antigen to lymphocytes and provide activating signals • Lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion and migrate back to area of infection as effector cells. • T cytotoxic cells selectively kill virally infected cells • T helper cells s ...
... receptors on their surface. • Dendritic cells (and macrophages) present antigen to lymphocytes and provide activating signals • Lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion and migrate back to area of infection as effector cells. • T cytotoxic cells selectively kill virally infected cells • T helper cells s ...
C16 DNA
... Origins of replication – special sites where the two parental strands of DNA separate to form “bubbles”. In eukaryotes there are 100’s – 1000’s of origin sites along the giant DNA molecule of each chromosome. In bacteria, there is only 1 origin of replication. Replication fork – found at each end of ...
... Origins of replication – special sites where the two parental strands of DNA separate to form “bubbles”. In eukaryotes there are 100’s – 1000’s of origin sites along the giant DNA molecule of each chromosome. In bacteria, there is only 1 origin of replication. Replication fork – found at each end of ...
Study Guide for Exam 1
... What is a plasma cell? Why do we need the intervention of CD4 T helper cells in an antibody response (what happens when T helper cells are not involved in an antibody response?)? 13. What is the role MHC in T cell activation? Be familiar with MHC molecules. 14. What is an APC? Why they are important ...
... What is a plasma cell? Why do we need the intervention of CD4 T helper cells in an antibody response (what happens when T helper cells are not involved in an antibody response?)? 13. What is the role MHC in T cell activation? Be familiar with MHC molecules. 14. What is an APC? Why they are important ...
Heredity Notes - Madison County Schools / Overview
... Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. With these four base pairs, there are 8,000,000 possible outcomes between two parents and the arrangement of chromosomes. ...
... Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. With these four base pairs, there are 8,000,000 possible outcomes between two parents and the arrangement of chromosomes. ...
Document
... • Mice lacking a copy of an important metabolism gene live to the human equivalent of a century, according to new research on induced longevity • The gene encodes a protein called insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) • Mice which had been genetically changed to lack one copy of this gene live on avera ...
... • Mice lacking a copy of an important metabolism gene live to the human equivalent of a century, according to new research on induced longevity • The gene encodes a protein called insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) • Mice which had been genetically changed to lack one copy of this gene live on avera ...
The Molecule of Life: DNA
... • The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to extract and visualize DNA from fruit. • The objectives of the laboratory exercise are: To understand where DNA is found To isolate DNA To understand how DNA is extracted To learn about positive and negative controls ...
... • The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to extract and visualize DNA from fruit. • The objectives of the laboratory exercise are: To understand where DNA is found To isolate DNA To understand how DNA is extracted To learn about positive and negative controls ...
Study Guide for DNA Structure and Replication
... 1.2.6 Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. Describe how DNA molecules are long chains linking four kinds of smaller molecules, whose sequence encodes genetic information. To be successful a student should be able to check off the followi ...
... 1.2.6 Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. Describe how DNA molecules are long chains linking four kinds of smaller molecules, whose sequence encodes genetic information. To be successful a student should be able to check off the followi ...
Sentence Synthesis Instructions RNA polymerase Instructions, cont
... • Each group should have the following information on a sheet of paper that can be handed in: – The mRNA sequence from the DNA (NOT the DNA sequence) – The codons from the mRNA – The correct sequence of words to make a sentence ...
... • Each group should have the following information on a sheet of paper that can be handed in: – The mRNA sequence from the DNA (NOT the DNA sequence) – The codons from the mRNA – The correct sequence of words to make a sentence ...
Genetics - DNA
... chromosome (one from each parent) and this is why our chromosomes can be arranged into homologous pairs. A Gene is a section of DNA that contains a specific sequence of bases. This sequence codes for a chain of amino acids that folds into a protein and determines one of our characteristics. Each of ...
... chromosome (one from each parent) and this is why our chromosomes can be arranged into homologous pairs. A Gene is a section of DNA that contains a specific sequence of bases. This sequence codes for a chain of amino acids that folds into a protein and determines one of our characteristics. Each of ...
EXAM 1
... 6. In E coli, which have the lac operon, when lactose is present, where is Lac I? a. bound to the promoter of the lac operon b. bound to the operator of the lac operon c. Xfree in the cytoplasm d. none of the above 7. When Lac I is bound to the lac operon, can RNA polymerase form the initiation comp ...
... 6. In E coli, which have the lac operon, when lactose is present, where is Lac I? a. bound to the promoter of the lac operon b. bound to the operator of the lac operon c. Xfree in the cytoplasm d. none of the above 7. When Lac I is bound to the lac operon, can RNA polymerase form the initiation comp ...
DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.