- Philsci
... organisms, and “social organisms” such as some social insects. In the course of my argument, I will make clear why I do not endorse the now widespread view that “organism” is not a scientifically pertinent category (Dawkins 1982; Dupré and O’Malley 2009; Bouchard 2010, Bouchard this volume; Haber, t ...
... organisms, and “social organisms” such as some social insects. In the course of my argument, I will make clear why I do not endorse the now widespread view that “organism” is not a scientifically pertinent category (Dawkins 1982; Dupré and O’Malley 2009; Bouchard 2010, Bouchard this volume; Haber, t ...
Immunity and the emergence of individuality
... organisms, and “social organisms” such as some social insects. In the course of my argument, I will make clear why I do not endorse the now widespread view that “organism” is not a scientifically pertinent category (Dawkins 1982; Dupré and O’Malley 2009; Bouchard 2010, Bouchard this volume; Haber, t ...
... organisms, and “social organisms” such as some social insects. In the course of my argument, I will make clear why I do not endorse the now widespread view that “organism” is not a scientifically pertinent category (Dawkins 1982; Dupré and O’Malley 2009; Bouchard 2010, Bouchard this volume; Haber, t ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... Over 90% of the two billion people infected with M. tuberculosis are able to contain the infection without developing disease although the pathogen is not completely eliminated. Whether or not infection will lead to development of disease depends on the outcome of a complex interaction between the p ...
... Over 90% of the two billion people infected with M. tuberculosis are able to contain the infection without developing disease although the pathogen is not completely eliminated. Whether or not infection will lead to development of disease depends on the outcome of a complex interaction between the p ...
MHC
... The Ags primarily responsible for rejection of genetically different tissues are known as histocompatibility Ags. Histocompatibility The ability to accept grafts between individuals. 2. Histocompatibility antigen system Major histocompatibility antigen Minor histocompatibility antigen ...
... The Ags primarily responsible for rejection of genetically different tissues are known as histocompatibility Ags. Histocompatibility The ability to accept grafts between individuals. 2. Histocompatibility antigen system Major histocompatibility antigen Minor histocompatibility antigen ...
Chapter 4
... coding sequence which length is not divisible by three. In addition, we can annotate protein sequences formed by an inversion and shifted variants of inversions as well. A frameshift variant is a genetic mutation due to insertions or deletions on a DNA sequence that is consequently translated into a ...
... coding sequence which length is not divisible by three. In addition, we can annotate protein sequences formed by an inversion and shifted variants of inversions as well. A frameshift variant is a genetic mutation due to insertions or deletions on a DNA sequence that is consequently translated into a ...
Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors
... AAV-2 Site-Specific Integration ............................................................................................................................584 AAV Infection .............................................................................................................................. ...
... AAV-2 Site-Specific Integration ............................................................................................................................584 AAV Infection .............................................................................................................................. ...
Immune Cognition, Micro-evolution,
... When a pathogen invades our bodies, some of our immune cells that recognize this pathogen will start replicating, a process during which mutation occurs. One interesting aspect of the cellular reproduction (cloning) process in the immune system is that cells are subjected to error during cloning. In ...
... When a pathogen invades our bodies, some of our immune cells that recognize this pathogen will start replicating, a process during which mutation occurs. One interesting aspect of the cellular reproduction (cloning) process in the immune system is that cells are subjected to error during cloning. In ...
Protein export elements from Lactococcus lactis
... extracellular proteins and pharmaceuticals.Although, so far, the natural protein export capacity of lactic acid bacteria has scarcely been studied, these bacteria are known to export several proteins, some of which are secretedinto the growth medium. Thus, lactococci export a cell wall-associatedser ...
... extracellular proteins and pharmaceuticals.Although, so far, the natural protein export capacity of lactic acid bacteria has scarcely been studied, these bacteria are known to export several proteins, some of which are secretedinto the growth medium. Thus, lactococci export a cell wall-associatedser ...
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from severe
... The immune responses on asthma involve T lymphocytes activation --- after antigen presentation, but differentiation between Th1, Th2, Th17 or Treg pattern is influenced by several factors, such as the nature of the antigen, costimulatory signals and cytokine profile of the environment.14---16 Thus, ...
... The immune responses on asthma involve T lymphocytes activation --- after antigen presentation, but differentiation between Th1, Th2, Th17 or Treg pattern is influenced by several factors, such as the nature of the antigen, costimulatory signals and cytokine profile of the environment.14---16 Thus, ...
A Novel CpG Island Set Identifies Tissue-Specific
... was digested with MseI (TTAA) [20] and fractionated over the CXXC column (Figure 1B). The reasoning behind use of Mse1 [20] was to cut AT-rich bulk genomic DNA into small fragments (predicted average ¼ 123 bp), but to leave CGIs relatively intact (predicted average ¼ 625 bp). As bulk genomic DNA has ...
... was digested with MseI (TTAA) [20] and fractionated over the CXXC column (Figure 1B). The reasoning behind use of Mse1 [20] was to cut AT-rich bulk genomic DNA into small fragments (predicted average ¼ 123 bp), but to leave CGIs relatively intact (predicted average ¼ 625 bp). As bulk genomic DNA has ...
Cloning of a Novel Na+-Dependent L
... transport upon the initial rates of [14C]serine uptake was investigated (Fig. 4). Serine uptake is a saturatable process displaying a hyperbolic curve. The kinetics of Lserine transport, by preparing a double-reciprocal plot of serine concentration versus initial serine uptakes, was also investigate ...
... transport upon the initial rates of [14C]serine uptake was investigated (Fig. 4). Serine uptake is a saturatable process displaying a hyperbolic curve. The kinetics of Lserine transport, by preparing a double-reciprocal plot of serine concentration versus initial serine uptakes, was also investigate ...
PCR Clean-up Kit / 96-well PCR Clean
... The AxyPrep-96 Plasmid Purification Kit is suitable for the isolation of up to 20 μg of plasmid or cosmid DNA (per well) from up to 1.3 ml of bacterial culture. This method is based on a modified alkaline lysis of the bacteria in combination with the selective binding of the plasmid DNA to a special ...
... The AxyPrep-96 Plasmid Purification Kit is suitable for the isolation of up to 20 μg of plasmid or cosmid DNA (per well) from up to 1.3 ml of bacterial culture. This method is based on a modified alkaline lysis of the bacteria in combination with the selective binding of the plasmid DNA to a special ...
A Diagnostic Target Against Clostridium bolteae
... immunogenicity. Exploration revealed that C. bolteae produces a conserved specific capsular polysaccharide comprised of rhamnose and mannose units: [3)-α-D-Manp(14)-β-D-Rhap-(1], which is immunogenic in rabbits. This is the first described immunogen of C. bolteae and indicates the prospect of usi ...
... immunogenicity. Exploration revealed that C. bolteae produces a conserved specific capsular polysaccharide comprised of rhamnose and mannose units: [3)-α-D-Manp(14)-β-D-Rhap-(1], which is immunogenic in rabbits. This is the first described immunogen of C. bolteae and indicates the prospect of usi ...
Immune Response and Possible Causes of CD4 T
... stage of HIV infection, levels of the virus in the plasma are the result of a dynamic equilibrium between the production of HIV and its clearance by the immune system. In this continuous turnover of the virus population, about 50% of the circulating virus is suggested to be replaced with newly produ ...
... stage of HIV infection, levels of the virus in the plasma are the result of a dynamic equilibrium between the production of HIV and its clearance by the immune system. In this continuous turnover of the virus population, about 50% of the circulating virus is suggested to be replaced with newly produ ...
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ON GLUCOCORTICOID
... chronically-stressed individuals have elevated cortisol levels, but have poorer antibody response to vaccination. Evidence suggests that chronic stress impairs immune cell glucocorticoid sensitivity (GCS), leading to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines. This pathway may contribute to i ...
... chronically-stressed individuals have elevated cortisol levels, but have poorer antibody response to vaccination. Evidence suggests that chronic stress impairs immune cell glucocorticoid sensitivity (GCS), leading to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines. This pathway may contribute to i ...
Document
... Elements of Adaptive Immunity • B Lymphocytes (B Cells) and Antibodies – Specificity of the B cell receptor (BCR) – Each B lymphocyte has multiple copies of a single type of protein called the B cell receptor – Each B cell generates a single BCR – The two variable regions of the BCR form the antige ...
... Elements of Adaptive Immunity • B Lymphocytes (B Cells) and Antibodies – Specificity of the B cell receptor (BCR) – Each B lymphocyte has multiple copies of a single type of protein called the B cell receptor – Each B cell generates a single BCR – The two variable regions of the BCR form the antige ...
(base) sequence of the genome might reflect biological information
... the S. cerevisiae genome. Therefore, the homology pattern in a wide range of organisms might be dependent on the base sequence sizes for the gene analyzed. In any case, in the S. cerevisiae, S. pombe and E. coli genomes, genes and the base sequence near the chromosomal position of the gene had self- ...
... the S. cerevisiae genome. Therefore, the homology pattern in a wide range of organisms might be dependent on the base sequence sizes for the gene analyzed. In any case, in the S. cerevisiae, S. pombe and E. coli genomes, genes and the base sequence near the chromosomal position of the gene had self- ...
Parallel Genetic and Phenotypic Evolution of DNA Superhelicity in
... Losos et al. 1998; Huey et al. 2000). Parallel changes sometimes extend even to the genome, as has been described for some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore h ...
... Losos et al. 1998; Huey et al. 2000). Parallel changes sometimes extend even to the genome, as has been described for some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore h ...
Energy regulation and neuroendocrine–immune control in
... acids is mainly mediated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS: adrenaline and noradrenaline via b2adrenoceptors), the hypothalamic–pituitary–hormonal axes (cortisol and growth hormone) and the pancreas (glucagon). During starvation, energy-rich fuels are primarily supplied by protein breakdown (du ...
... acids is mainly mediated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS: adrenaline and noradrenaline via b2adrenoceptors), the hypothalamic–pituitary–hormonal axes (cortisol and growth hormone) and the pancreas (glucagon). During starvation, energy-rich fuels are primarily supplied by protein breakdown (du ...
Tract Infection Oviduct Pathology in Chlamydial Genital Receptor
... have not been elucidated. We examined production of TNF-␣ and IL-6 in wild-type TLR2 knockout (KO), and TLR4 KO murine peritoneal macrophages infected with the mouse pneumonitis strain of C. trachomatis. Furthermore, we compared the outcomes of genital tract infection in control, TLR2 KO, and TLR4 K ...
... have not been elucidated. We examined production of TNF-␣ and IL-6 in wild-type TLR2 knockout (KO), and TLR4 KO murine peritoneal macrophages infected with the mouse pneumonitis strain of C. trachomatis. Furthermore, we compared the outcomes of genital tract infection in control, TLR2 KO, and TLR4 K ...
Functional study of hemolymph coagulation in Zhi Wang Drosophila
... protozoa and multicellular parasites. These infectious agents are usually prevented from entering the host body by a combination of physical, chemical and biochemical barriers. Once the barriers are breached by penetrating or through injuries, the infectious agents have the potential to multiply unc ...
... protozoa and multicellular parasites. These infectious agents are usually prevented from entering the host body by a combination of physical, chemical and biochemical barriers. Once the barriers are breached by penetrating or through injuries, the infectious agents have the potential to multiply unc ...
Characterization of amoxicillin‐and clavulanic acid‐specific T cells
... from healthy donors, it is also possible to (1) prime na€ıve CD81 T cells to flucloxacillin with autologous dendritic cells expressing HLA-B*57:01 and (2) drive flucloxacillin-specific T-cell responses in HLA-B*57:01positive and -negative individuals through long-term culture and repetitive rounds o ...
... from healthy donors, it is also possible to (1) prime na€ıve CD81 T cells to flucloxacillin with autologous dendritic cells expressing HLA-B*57:01 and (2) drive flucloxacillin-specific T-cell responses in HLA-B*57:01positive and -negative individuals through long-term culture and repetitive rounds o ...
meriones shawi - ISI International Scientific Indexing
... using student’s t-tests (SPSS software, version 13.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA. Differences between group means were considered statistically significant if P > 0.05, and highly significant if P > 0.01. RESULTS Although males tend to have lower immune parameters than females, no significant sexsp ...
... using student’s t-tests (SPSS software, version 13.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA. Differences between group means were considered statistically significant if P > 0.05, and highly significant if P > 0.01. RESULTS Although males tend to have lower immune parameters than females, no significant sexsp ...
DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.