Uracil in DNA – occurrence, consequences and repair
... since several of the known uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDGs) are not strictly uracil-specific, the repair of some uracil analogues (Figure 1), namely 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-hmU), 3,N4-ethenocytosine (eC) and 5fluorouracil (5-FU) will also be discussed. In addition, repair of T : G mismatches by DNA g ...
... since several of the known uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDGs) are not strictly uracil-specific, the repair of some uracil analogues (Figure 1), namely 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-hmU), 3,N4-ethenocytosine (eC) and 5fluorouracil (5-FU) will also be discussed. In addition, repair of T : G mismatches by DNA g ...
Transvection, nuclear structure, and chromatin proteins.
... For instance, the evidence for nuclear compartmentalization (for example, see Carter et al., 1991; Leonhardt et al., 1992 and references within; reviewed by Manuelidis, 1990; Jackson, 1991) and the restriction of transcripts to nuclear '~racks" (Xing and Lawrence, 1991) lend plausibility to a propos ...
... For instance, the evidence for nuclear compartmentalization (for example, see Carter et al., 1991; Leonhardt et al., 1992 and references within; reviewed by Manuelidis, 1990; Jackson, 1991) and the restriction of transcripts to nuclear '~racks" (Xing and Lawrence, 1991) lend plausibility to a propos ...
Gene methylation in gastric cancer
... protein–DNA complexes is transcriptionally inactive. DNA methylation is the first epigenetic mark shown to be critically involved in the tumorigenesis [15], which provides a stable gene silencing mechanism that plays an important role in regulating gene expression and chromatin architecture, in assoc ...
... protein–DNA complexes is transcriptionally inactive. DNA methylation is the first epigenetic mark shown to be critically involved in the tumorigenesis [15], which provides a stable gene silencing mechanism that plays an important role in regulating gene expression and chromatin architecture, in assoc ...
MHF1 plays Fanconi anaemia complementation group M protein
... mhf1-1 and mhf1-2 single mutants did not exhibit an elevated sensitivity to the cross-linking agents cisplatin and MMC (Figure 2a,b). Furthermore, neither mutant was hypersensitive to bleomycin, hydroxyurea or MMS, respectively (Figure S2). This result, although different from the phenotype of the a ...
... mhf1-1 and mhf1-2 single mutants did not exhibit an elevated sensitivity to the cross-linking agents cisplatin and MMC (Figure 2a,b). Furthermore, neither mutant was hypersensitive to bleomycin, hydroxyurea or MMS, respectively (Figure S2). This result, although different from the phenotype of the a ...
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
... • Mutations occur naturally as accidental changes to DNA or to chromosomes during the cell cycle. • Enzymes repair most DNA that is mismatched during replication, but rarely, some DNA is not repaired. • The rate of mutation can be increased by some environmental factors. Such factors, called mutagen ...
... • Mutations occur naturally as accidental changes to DNA or to chromosomes during the cell cycle. • Enzymes repair most DNA that is mismatched during replication, but rarely, some DNA is not repaired. • The rate of mutation can be increased by some environmental factors. Such factors, called mutagen ...
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... these networks at the level of protein-DNA interactions, we focused on 11 TF genes that play core roles in gene regulatory networks for endomesoderm specification: Brachyury, FoxA-a, FoxD, MyoD, Neurogenin, Otx, Snail, SoxC, Tbx6b, Twist-like1 and ZicL. Because the Ciona genome contains multiple cop ...
... these networks at the level of protein-DNA interactions, we focused on 11 TF genes that play core roles in gene regulatory networks for endomesoderm specification: Brachyury, FoxA-a, FoxD, MyoD, Neurogenin, Otx, Snail, SoxC, Tbx6b, Twist-like1 and ZicL. Because the Ciona genome contains multiple cop ...
Transcriptional Repression of Hox Genes by C. elegans HP1/HPL
... Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additio ...
... Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additio ...
Towards safer vectors for the field release of recombinant bacteria
... on a case-by-case basis (Kappeli and Auberson, 1997). The third type of potential risk, which is the only one that will be dealt with in this review, involves the way in which the recombinant DNA strain is constructed. Most types of recombinant constructs include antibiotic resistance genes, which a ...
... on a case-by-case basis (Kappeli and Auberson, 1997). The third type of potential risk, which is the only one that will be dealt with in this review, involves the way in which the recombinant DNA strain is constructed. Most types of recombinant constructs include antibiotic resistance genes, which a ...
Digital PCR Analysis of Maternal Plasma for
... Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the maternal circulation is a source of fetal genetic material that offers an alternative to sampling chorionic villi or amniocytes for prenatal diagnosis (7 ) and avoids the risk of miscarriage associated with invasive procedures (8 ). Substantial technical challenge ...
... Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the maternal circulation is a source of fetal genetic material that offers an alternative to sampling chorionic villi or amniocytes for prenatal diagnosis (7 ) and avoids the risk of miscarriage associated with invasive procedures (8 ). Substantial technical challenge ...
Using real time RT-PCR analysis to determine multiple gene
... expressed in XY gonads that were not expressed in XX gonads (Table 3). One example is Amh, a gene encoding a protein that induces regression of the internal female reproductive tract derivatives (Mullerian ducts) in male embryos. Munsterberg and Lovell-Badge (1991) detected Amh transcripts in XY gon ...
... expressed in XY gonads that were not expressed in XX gonads (Table 3). One example is Amh, a gene encoding a protein that induces regression of the internal female reproductive tract derivatives (Mullerian ducts) in male embryos. Munsterberg and Lovell-Badge (1991) detected Amh transcripts in XY gon ...
CHAPTER 3 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Specific BRCA1 gene variations amongst young
... Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Although epidemiological surveys in western countries represent a good overview about the incidence and the mortality rate of this disease, investigations in developing countries are very limited, despite the fact that the incidence of breast cancer ...
... Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Although epidemiological surveys in western countries represent a good overview about the incidence and the mortality rate of this disease, investigations in developing countries are very limited, despite the fact that the incidence of breast cancer ...
Prostate Cancer - American Cancer Society
... Screening is testing to find cancer, or other disease, in people who have no symptoms. Screening can help find cancers in an early stage when they are small, have not spread, and are more easily cured. Screening for prostate cancer can be done with: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test ...
... Screening is testing to find cancer, or other disease, in people who have no symptoms. Screening can help find cancers in an early stage when they are small, have not spread, and are more easily cured. Screening for prostate cancer can be done with: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test ...
The genome-scale interplay amongst xenogene silencing
... fitness is a question that is of considerable interest, more so in the light of evidence that gain and loss of transcriptional regulatory functions is not uncommon (1). A single chromatin-structuring gene-silencing system (2– 4), whose central players are the protein H-NS and its homologue StpA (5), ...
... fitness is a question that is of considerable interest, more so in the light of evidence that gain and loss of transcriptional regulatory functions is not uncommon (1). A single chromatin-structuring gene-silencing system (2– 4), whose central players are the protein H-NS and its homologue StpA (5), ...
Gene Section CTNNB1 (Catenin, beta-1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Mutations Somatic Two mechanisms underlying the increase in b-catenin levels by stabilizing b-catenin are known. One is inactivating mutation in the APC gene, the other is activating mutation at the GSK-3b phosphorylation sites within exon 3 of the b-catenin gene. b-catenin plays a key role in the d ...
... Mutations Somatic Two mechanisms underlying the increase in b-catenin levels by stabilizing b-catenin are known. One is inactivating mutation in the APC gene, the other is activating mutation at the GSK-3b phosphorylation sites within exon 3 of the b-catenin gene. b-catenin plays a key role in the d ...
1 Introduction
... Heterozygous deletion or truncation in putative bipartite nucleus localization signals (NLS), spanning amino acids 1422-1489 or 14541497, have been identified in etoposide-resistant cell lines (Takano and Fojo, 1995). At present, these mutations in NLS sequences are only found in IIα isoforms, and c ...
... Heterozygous deletion or truncation in putative bipartite nucleus localization signals (NLS), spanning amino acids 1422-1489 or 14541497, have been identified in etoposide-resistant cell lines (Takano and Fojo, 1995). At present, these mutations in NLS sequences are only found in IIα isoforms, and c ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... species. These regions have been termed “pathogenicity islands.” Frequently, pathogenicity islands are associated with integrases and other genes that are related to mobile DNA elements like plasmids and bacteriophages. Large blocks of related virulence genes (5–25 genes), such as type III and type ...
... species. These regions have been termed “pathogenicity islands.” Frequently, pathogenicity islands are associated with integrases and other genes that are related to mobile DNA elements like plasmids and bacteriophages. Large blocks of related virulence genes (5–25 genes), such as type III and type ...
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... cus, and several eukaryotic genomes. ung gene was determined and is presented in this paper. The open reading frame of the gene, confirmed by N-terminal protein sequence analysis, codes for a protein of25,664 Da DNA glycosylases excise damaged or unconventional bases which contains a single cysteine ...
... cus, and several eukaryotic genomes. ung gene was determined and is presented in this paper. The open reading frame of the gene, confirmed by N-terminal protein sequence analysis, codes for a protein of25,664 Da DNA glycosylases excise damaged or unconventional bases which contains a single cysteine ...
Cancer epigenetics
Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the genome of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence. Epigenetic alterations are as important as genetic mutations in a cell’s transformation to cancer, and their manipulation holds great promise for cancer prevention, detection, and therapy. In different types of cancer, a variety of epigenetic mechanisms can be perturbed, such as silencing of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes by altered CpG island methylation patterns, histone modifications, and dysregulation of DNA binding proteins. Several medications which have epigenetic impact are now used in several of these diseases.