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PP-Protein Synthesis
... Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. Summarize the process of translation. ...
... Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. Summarize the process of translation. ...
Transcription
... molecules to the 3’ end of mRNA to form what is called as poly(A) tail. • This process is important for the transport of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm and translation. ...
... molecules to the 3’ end of mRNA to form what is called as poly(A) tail. • This process is important for the transport of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm and translation. ...
Protein Synthesis
... Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) which always bonds with Guanine (G). Each stand of DNA is complementary to the other. ...
... Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) which always bonds with Guanine (G). Each stand of DNA is complementary to the other. ...
Slide 1
... Gene = a DNA sequence that specifies an RNA or protein sequence Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA. DNA ...
... Gene = a DNA sequence that specifies an RNA or protein sequence Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA. DNA ...
DNA versus RNA Notes File
... Chargaff’s Rule • One of the puzzling facts about DNA was a curious relationship between its nucleotides. • Erwin Chargaff (an American biochemist) had discovered that the percentages of guanine and cytosine bases are almost always equal in any sample of DNA. ...
... Chargaff’s Rule • One of the puzzling facts about DNA was a curious relationship between its nucleotides. • Erwin Chargaff (an American biochemist) had discovered that the percentages of guanine and cytosine bases are almost always equal in any sample of DNA. ...
TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION: From DNA to Protein
... – Start Signal (starts the protein making process) – 1 of 20 different amino acids (parts of a protein) – Stop Signal (stops the protein making process) ...
... – Start Signal (starts the protein making process) – 1 of 20 different amino acids (parts of a protein) – Stop Signal (stops the protein making process) ...
Protein synthesis and mut ppt
... signal and will go in a 5’ to 3’ direction mRNA, tRNA, and small ribosomal unit ...
... signal and will go in a 5’ to 3’ direction mRNA, tRNA, and small ribosomal unit ...
Molecular Genetics
... • The primary transcript is called hnRNA – 5’ cap (methylated G) – added and a poly-A tail added to the 3’ end – (Note: cap and tail are protection from degradation and recognition by ribosome) – Spliced out introns (non-coding segments; the coding segments are called exons) ...
... • The primary transcript is called hnRNA – 5’ cap (methylated G) – added and a poly-A tail added to the 3’ end – (Note: cap and tail are protection from degradation and recognition by ribosome) – Spliced out introns (non-coding segments; the coding segments are called exons) ...
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis
... • Ribosomes use the codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids to a polypeptide chain or protein. • Process of decoding mRNA to protein is “Translation”. – mRNA transcribed (transcription) in nucleus goes to cytoplasm. – On ribosome, translation begins at START codon. – Each codon attracts an anticodon ...
... • Ribosomes use the codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids to a polypeptide chain or protein. • Process of decoding mRNA to protein is “Translation”. – mRNA transcribed (transcription) in nucleus goes to cytoplasm. – On ribosome, translation begins at START codon. – Each codon attracts an anticodon ...
DNA structure
... • 1 ‘parent’ DNA strand produces 2 new ‘daughter’ strands • Occurs rapidly, both strands simultaneously – Humans with 6 billion pairs a few hours, with only about 1 error every 10 billion nucleotides ...
... • 1 ‘parent’ DNA strand produces 2 new ‘daughter’ strands • Occurs rapidly, both strands simultaneously – Humans with 6 billion pairs a few hours, with only about 1 error every 10 billion nucleotides ...
rnalabreport_1
... Currency - Look for publication or copyright dates associated with the site; the more current the better. Links - What links does the site contain? A reliable website will offer links to other reliable websites, not to "junk" sites. ...
... Currency - Look for publication or copyright dates associated with the site; the more current the better. Links - What links does the site contain? A reliable website will offer links to other reliable websites, not to "junk" sites. ...
1495/Chapter 08
... both costs and benefits for cells. (8.1, 8.4) • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous. (8.1) • Many transcripts can be simultaneously produced from a single gene. (8.2) • Several types of processing are required before a pre-mRNA transcript can meet the needs of a eukaryotic cell. (8.2, 8. ...
... both costs and benefits for cells. (8.1, 8.4) • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous. (8.1) • Many transcripts can be simultaneously produced from a single gene. (8.2) • Several types of processing are required before a pre-mRNA transcript can meet the needs of a eukaryotic cell. (8.2, 8. ...
DNA - TeacherWeb
... 2. RNA carries the codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm a. Messenger RNA carries the code that directs the order in which the amino acids bond b. Ribosomal RNA makes up Ribosomes, where proteins are built ...
... 2. RNA carries the codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm a. Messenger RNA carries the code that directs the order in which the amino acids bond b. Ribosomal RNA makes up Ribosomes, where proteins are built ...
150-06 (8-10-96) RNA world begins to add up
... proteins to its repertoire, are therefore seeking to create self-replicating RNA molecules to mirror those with which life on Earth might have originated. To self-replicate, an RNA strand would need to string together nucleotides, its subunits. In modern organisms, this job is handled by proteins ca ...
... proteins to its repertoire, are therefore seeking to create self-replicating RNA molecules to mirror those with which life on Earth might have originated. To self-replicate, an RNA strand would need to string together nucleotides, its subunits. In modern organisms, this job is handled by proteins ca ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – make up part of the structure of a ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA) – transfers amino acids to the ribosomes ...
... Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – make up part of the structure of a ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA) – transfers amino acids to the ribosomes ...
One copy from each parent Each parent passes on a “mixed copy”
... Protein-coding genes are not easy to find - gene density is low, and exons are interrupted by introns. ...
... Protein-coding genes are not easy to find - gene density is low, and exons are interrupted by introns. ...
pptx - WVU School of Medicine
... DNA sequences “upstream” of transcription initiation site. • different σ factors recognize different promoters (σ70 = most genes; σ32 = heat shock proteins; σ28 = flagella & chemotaxis genes). • 2 DNA sequences (-35 & -10) found in most prokaryotic promoters – “upstream” of transcription start site ...
... DNA sequences “upstream” of transcription initiation site. • different σ factors recognize different promoters (σ70 = most genes; σ32 = heat shock proteins; σ28 = flagella & chemotaxis genes). • 2 DNA sequences (-35 & -10) found in most prokaryotic promoters – “upstream” of transcription start site ...
Slide 1
... particular proteins is called gene expression, which takes place in two stages transcription is the process when a messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a gene within the DNA translation is the process of using the mRNA to direct the production of a protein ...
... particular proteins is called gene expression, which takes place in two stages transcription is the process when a messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a gene within the DNA translation is the process of using the mRNA to direct the production of a protein ...
Making Proteins - Hbwbiology.net
... 3 Steps of Transcription 1. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the gene's promoter - a specific sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription. 2. RNA polymerase then unwinds and separates the two strands of the double helix, exposing the DNA nucleotides. 3. RNA polymerase a ...
... 3 Steps of Transcription 1. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the gene's promoter - a specific sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription. 2. RNA polymerase then unwinds and separates the two strands of the double helix, exposing the DNA nucleotides. 3. RNA polymerase a ...
RNA - GVI.cz
... synthesis (= synthesis of proteins) synthesis of proteins = protein synthesis : fundamental process, by which the information from DNA is transferred into a particular sign polynucleotide chain ...
... synthesis (= synthesis of proteins) synthesis of proteins = protein synthesis : fundamental process, by which the information from DNA is transferred into a particular sign polynucleotide chain ...
protein synthesis (simplified)
... It is made up of 4 different subunits called nucleotides which can be arranged in any order ...
... It is made up of 4 different subunits called nucleotides which can be arranged in any order ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.