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... 5) cDNA is made from mRNA by the enzyme______________________ 6a) Double stranded cDNA for a protein coding gene usually has what three identifiable regions: ___________ ___________ _____________ 6b) Must these three regions equate to three exons? (yes, no –circle one) 7) The triplet code for transl ...
Introduction to Genetical
Introduction to Genetical

... First step in identifying genes and their function is to isolate it from the rest of genome and produce a large quantity of it (called cloning a gene). Cloning a DNA fragment using bacteria – DNA fragment is isolated from the entire genome using restriction enzyme. • These enzymes can cut the DNA (i ...
DNA (Gene) Mutations
DNA (Gene) Mutations

... Every part of your DNA doesn’t make a protein or trait. ...
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... Incubate the nitrocellulose with a (radioactive) probe containing unique DNA (or RNA) that encodes for the gene of interest – at least 20 nucleotides in length a) Sometimes many probes are needed because the amino acid sequence in question can be encoded by numerous nucleotide sequences (this is cal ...
Molecular_genetics_revision_checklist
Molecular_genetics_revision_checklist

... and transcription factors. Students should understand the role of control elements, including the promoter region, enhancer region, the transcription factors (proteins) that must bind to both regions before transcription can occur, and the terminator region. The role of transcription factors in brin ...
Gene and Antisense Therapy
Gene and Antisense Therapy

... Injection of naked genetic material • Large amount of naked DNA in saline injected into mouse tail vein – 5 μg in 1.6 mL of saline, injected of ~5-8 sec in ...
Concepts of Genetics Necessities of Life Reproduction: DNA DNA
Concepts of Genetics Necessities of Life Reproduction: DNA DNA

... •The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA unit (or gene) coding for that polypeptide. •Protein synthesis is a two-step process: –Transcription: copying the DNA to RNA –Translation: using the RNA to assemble the polypeptide ...
Nucleotide-Sugar Transporters in Plants
Nucleotide-Sugar Transporters in Plants

... To amplify (increase the concentration of) specific sequences within a DNA sample. This technique makes use of enzymes (classes of proteins that catalyse reactions) known as DNA polymerases which are able to make double stranded DNA from single stranded template. This enzyme cannot work on a purely ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis

... tail are added to form the final RNA molecule. ...
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2421 _Ch8.ppt

... Genotype - the genetic makeup of an organism, the genes which encode particular characteristics of the organism (collection of genes). Determined by actual DNA sequence (gene) written pyrBPhenotype - the actual, expressed properties (observed) of the gene. The result of phenotype is a protein (or co ...
Document
Document

... What is PCR? (basically a xerox machine) • DNA replication gone crazy in a tube! • Makes many copies of a specific target sequence from a small amount of template DNA • Affects gene mapping and cloning and DNA sequencing and detection • Applications in the detection of specific mutations, criminal ...
2015 Event Materials - Iowa FFA Association
2015 Event Materials - Iowa FFA Association

... 37. Heat helps with the DNA extraction process because a. Warm DNA is easier to find. b. Heat helps to disrupt the cells. c. When the equipment is warm, it is easier for the scientist to work with. 38. Chloroform is used to wash away unwanted cellular components such as a. Protein molecules. b. Pigm ...
Griffith/Hershey/Chase
Griffith/Hershey/Chase

... causes the production of many new viruses within the cell. Eventually the cell is ruptured (lysed), and the new viruses are released. The chemical make-up of protein and of DNA is quite different. Hershey and Chase used these differences to distinguish between them. DNA contains phosphorus and prote ...
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By Michael Harwood This article was catalysed

... over from our evolutionary past. There are some scientists who are very unhappy with the results of the ENCODE project and are trying to find flaws in it, which, one must admit, is part of the way science progresses. However, even before this data was released in 2010, the phrase “junk DNA” was alre ...
An integrative plasmid vector for zinc inducible
An integrative plasmid vector for zinc inducible

... controls when their expression is turned on or off. Without such regulation, new genes are expressed constitutively (constantly) and are of limited use if even the simplest control is required of their expression. Genes are introduced into bacterial cells on circular loops of DNA called plasmid vect ...
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BI 200 – Final Exam

... c. involves central chlorophyll molecules P680 of photosystem II d. evolved before aerobic respiration and oxygenic photosynthesis 39. Which of the following is a purple non-sulfur phototrophic bacterium? a. Volvox b. Oscillatoria c. Halobacterium d. Rhodospirillum e. Clostridium 40. Carbon fixation ...
Chapter 9 I am - Mrs Smith`s Biology
Chapter 9 I am - Mrs Smith`s Biology

... I am the symbol used to represent the fact that a cell is diploid n ...
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10 - WTPS.org

... 1. A single gene change in DNA that results in different amino acids 2. A multiple gene change in DNA that results in different amino acids 3. A single gene change in DNA that results in the same amino acids 4. A multiple gene change in DNA that results in the same amino acids A single g... ...
Chromosome structure & Gene Expression
Chromosome structure & Gene Expression

... and distribution) through their kinetochore region with motor proteins that specifically bind to microtubules of the spindle apparatus. - In yeast, centromeres consist of two highly conserved sequences each 10-15 bp separated by 90 bp of AT-rich DNA. Higher eukaryotes have larger and more complex ce ...
Plants` Epigenetic Secrets
Plants` Epigenetic Secrets

... Although CHG methylation is symmetrical and thus could in principle use the same methylation maintenance pathway as CG methylation, it also relies on RNA-directed DNA methylation (not pictured below). In addition, this type of methylation is paired with methylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9). ...
TrueAllele Report
TrueAllele Report

... Computer interpretation of DNA evidence A definite genotype can be determined when a person’s DNA produces unambiguous data. However, when the data signals are less definitive, or when there are multiple contributors to the evidence, uncertainty arises. This uncertainty is expressed in the resulting ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... • If you’re worried that the FDA approved something that it should not have, this is the best way to gather evidence of their mistake • If you think that the approved genetic modifications are safe, this is the best way to gather evidence to support that ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... DNA molecule known as a plasmid. Plasmids are found naturally in some bacteria and have been very useful for DNA transfer. The plasmid has a genetic marker —a gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid (and the foreign DNA) from those that don't. ...
Chromosome structure & Gene Expression
Chromosome structure & Gene Expression

... 10-15 bp separated by 90 bp of AT-rich DNA. Higher eukaryotes have larger and more complex centromeres. Yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC) demonstrate the important elements for chromosome function. ...
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Epigenomics

Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome. The field is analogous to genomics and proteomics, which are the study of the genome and proteome of a cell (Russell 2010 p. 217 & 230). Epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cell’s DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence (Russell 2010 p. 475). Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis (Russell 2010 p. 597). The study of epigenetics on a global level has been made possible only recently through the adaptation of genomic high-throughput assays (Laird 2010) and.
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