Transcription & translation
... made from a long primary transcript by removing sequences separating the ...
... made from a long primary transcript by removing sequences separating the ...
Protein synthesis: An expressive couple
... novel link between transcription and translation in eukaryotes. mRNAs shuttle between polysomes (sites of active translation) and processing bodies (PBs), the latter being complexes in which non-translating mRNAs accumulate and may be degraded. It is increasingly evident that translation and mRNA de ...
... novel link between transcription and translation in eukaryotes. mRNAs shuttle between polysomes (sites of active translation) and processing bodies (PBs), the latter being complexes in which non-translating mRNAs accumulate and may be degraded. It is increasingly evident that translation and mRNA de ...
Transcriptional Regulation II
... measure some “average” over a population of cells. • The population of cells is seldom in sync (same state). • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the less homogeneous it is. • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the harder (time, effort, money) it is to mea ...
... measure some “average” over a population of cells. • The population of cells is seldom in sync (same state). • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the less homogeneous it is. • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the harder (time, effort, money) it is to mea ...
bZip Transcription factors: Picking up DNA with chopsticks
... promoter regions of genes to control their expression. As such, bZips are involved in numerous fundamental cellular processes and many are implicated in cancer. The activator protein 1 (AP1) family for example, which contains the well known transcription factors cJun a ...
... promoter regions of genes to control their expression. As such, bZips are involved in numerous fundamental cellular processes and many are implicated in cancer. The activator protein 1 (AP1) family for example, which contains the well known transcription factors cJun a ...
Biological information flow
... * preventing RNA polymerase from binding promoter * inhibition of initiation reactions (e.g. transition bubble formation, primer synthesis, promoter clearance) Repressors are allosterically regulated** **inducer: ligands that bind to, and inactivate, repressors ...
... * preventing RNA polymerase from binding promoter * inhibition of initiation reactions (e.g. transition bubble formation, primer synthesis, promoter clearance) Repressors are allosterically regulated** **inducer: ligands that bind to, and inactivate, repressors ...
for? of Immune Homeostasis: Molecules to Die FOXO Transcription
... three of these residues are conserved in the mammalian FOXO isoforms (Fig. 2). Although the concept that FOXO function could be mediated by direct PKB phosphorylation was proposed by C. elegans researchers several years ago, it was work by the groups of Burgering and Greenberg (9, 10) that initially ...
... three of these residues are conserved in the mammalian FOXO isoforms (Fig. 2). Although the concept that FOXO function could be mediated by direct PKB phosphorylation was proposed by C. elegans researchers several years ago, it was work by the groups of Burgering and Greenberg (9, 10) that initially ...
Outline Nov. 8 Types of Gene Regulation Types of Gene Regulation
... – A separate regulatory mechanism controls the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. – If glucose is present, there is little cAMP, so the activator complex (CAP-cAMP) can not bind to the promoter region. ...
... – A separate regulatory mechanism controls the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. – If glucose is present, there is little cAMP, so the activator complex (CAP-cAMP) can not bind to the promoter region. ...
measurements . They demonstrated that, signal, the low likelihood of the postselection
... was present at almost wild-type levels. This suggests that when end-1 mRNA molecules reach a threshold level, the elt-2 auto-activating feedback loop is initiated, leading to near wild-type-level expression of elt-2 and intestinal differentiation of the corresponding cell. If the end-1 threshold is ...
... was present at almost wild-type levels. This suggests that when end-1 mRNA molecules reach a threshold level, the elt-2 auto-activating feedback loop is initiated, leading to near wild-type-level expression of elt-2 and intestinal differentiation of the corresponding cell. If the end-1 threshold is ...
Regulation of Gene Action
... Bacteria and single-celled eukaryotes undergo cell differentiation. This includes responding to the availability of different nutrients. I will discuss some of the most basic aspects; Dr. Restifo will give more detail. ...
... Bacteria and single-celled eukaryotes undergo cell differentiation. This includes responding to the availability of different nutrients. I will discuss some of the most basic aspects; Dr. Restifo will give more detail. ...
ChIP-seq - STAT 115
... – High ChIP ranking => true targets, contain more sites – Search TF motif from highest ranking targets first ...
... – High ChIP ranking => true targets, contain more sites – Search TF motif from highest ranking targets first ...
second of Chapter 10: RNA processing
... Exon-shuffle model • Introns may play a role in gene evolution. • In some proteins, each exon has its own independent folding characteristics. • Folding domains (=exons) can be grouped together to give new proteins with new functions. • This is called the exon-shuffle model. • Not all genes have do ...
... Exon-shuffle model • Introns may play a role in gene evolution. • In some proteins, each exon has its own independent folding characteristics. • Folding domains (=exons) can be grouped together to give new proteins with new functions. • This is called the exon-shuffle model. • Not all genes have do ...
Document
... copied into mRNA molecule • Translation: ribosomes translate mRNA into protein— a chain of amino acids • Proteins control phenotype. How? ...
... copied into mRNA molecule • Translation: ribosomes translate mRNA into protein— a chain of amino acids • Proteins control phenotype. How? ...
From Gene to Protein
... copied into mRNA molecule • Translation: ribosomes translate mRNA into protein— a chain of amino acids • Proteins control phenotype. How? ...
... copied into mRNA molecule • Translation: ribosomes translate mRNA into protein— a chain of amino acids • Proteins control phenotype. How? ...
Chapter 17 Presentation Transcription Translation and Gene
... DNA and are transcribed and processed in the nucleolus. They are assembled and transferred to the cytoplasm as individual subunits. The large and small subunits form one large subunit when they are attached to the ...
... DNA and are transcribed and processed in the nucleolus. They are assembled and transferred to the cytoplasm as individual subunits. The large and small subunits form one large subunit when they are attached to the ...
Document
... have twofold symmetry and hairpin loop forms. The palindrome is followed by 4–8U residues in the transcript ◦ b.Rho-dependent (r-dependent) or type II terminators require the protein r. Rho binds to the C-rich sequence in the RNA upsteam of the termination site. It then acts as a helicase, using ATP ...
... have twofold symmetry and hairpin loop forms. The palindrome is followed by 4–8U residues in the transcript ◦ b.Rho-dependent (r-dependent) or type II terminators require the protein r. Rho binds to the C-rich sequence in the RNA upsteam of the termination site. It then acts as a helicase, using ATP ...
Module 3 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
... • Ribulokinase - encoded by araB -- phosphorylates ribulose • Ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase - encoded by araD -- converts ribulose-5phosphate to xylulose-5-phosphate which can then be metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway. ...
... • Ribulokinase - encoded by araB -- phosphorylates ribulose • Ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase - encoded by araD -- converts ribulose-5phosphate to xylulose-5-phosphate which can then be metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway. ...
Chapter 15 - Dr. Jennifer Capers
... – RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA – RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA and some snRNA – RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA and some other small RNAs ...
... – RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA – RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA and some snRNA – RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA and some other small RNAs ...
Gene Section FLI1 (Friend leukemia virus integration 1) in Oncology and Haematology
... malignant transformation. Fli-1 was first identified as a target of proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemia (Ben-David et al., 1990). In addition to Friend erythroleukemia, integration at the fli-1 locus also occurs in leukemias induced by the 10A1 (Ott et al., 1994), Graffi (Denicour ...
... malignant transformation. Fli-1 was first identified as a target of proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemia (Ben-David et al., 1990). In addition to Friend erythroleukemia, integration at the fli-1 locus also occurs in leukemias induced by the 10A1 (Ott et al., 1994), Graffi (Denicour ...
Slides
... Transcription- DNA directed RNA synthesis Transcription is the mechanism by which a template strand of DNA is utilized by specific RNA polymerases to generate one of the three different types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA and rRNA) ...
... Transcription- DNA directed RNA synthesis Transcription is the mechanism by which a template strand of DNA is utilized by specific RNA polymerases to generate one of the three different types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA and rRNA) ...
Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information • The information content
... • The discovery of ribozymes rendered obsolete the belief that all biological catalysts were proteins • Three properties of RNA enable it to function as an enzyme – It can form a three-dimensional structure because of its ability to base-pair with itself – Some bases in RNA contain functional groups ...
... • The discovery of ribozymes rendered obsolete the belief that all biological catalysts were proteins • Three properties of RNA enable it to function as an enzyme – It can form a three-dimensional structure because of its ability to base-pair with itself – Some bases in RNA contain functional groups ...
Unpacking the Epigen..
... assistant professor of biochemistry at the University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine. “They may directly alter chromatin contacts, or they may indirectly remodel the structure.” ...
... assistant professor of biochemistry at the University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine. “They may directly alter chromatin contacts, or they may indirectly remodel the structure.” ...
Changes in Prokaryotic Transcription: Phage Lambda and Others
... Look at the legend to this figure in the book. The symbols and colors indicate what kinds of evidence was used. I'll try to interpret this for you here. The bases that are circled (in yellow) are positions that, when polymerase is bound, are protected from modification by a methylating agent (dimeth ...
... Look at the legend to this figure in the book. The symbols and colors indicate what kinds of evidence was used. I'll try to interpret this for you here. The bases that are circled (in yellow) are positions that, when polymerase is bound, are protected from modification by a methylating agent (dimeth ...
1 - western undergrad. by the students, for the students.
... 11. In rats, the gene for the pigment (P) is dominant to no pigment (p). The gene for black (B) is dominant to the gene for cream (b). If a pigment gene (P) is absent, genes B and b are inoperative and the rats are albino in colour. Predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 of a cross between a ...
... 11. In rats, the gene for the pigment (P) is dominant to no pigment (p). The gene for black (B) is dominant to the gene for cream (b). If a pigment gene (P) is absent, genes B and b are inoperative and the rats are albino in colour. Predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 of a cross between a ...
Transcription factor
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor (sometimes called a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. Transcription factors perform this function alone or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator), or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase (the enzyme that performs the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA) to specific genes.A defining feature of transcription factors is that they contain one or more DNA-binding domains (DBDs), which attach to specific sequences of DNA adjacent to the genes that they regulate. Additional proteins such as coactivators, chromatin remodelers, histone acetylases, deacetylases, kinases, and methylases, while also playing crucial roles in gene regulation, lack DNA-binding domains, and, therefore, are not classified as transcription factors.