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Advances in Environmental Biology (
Advances in Environmental Biology (

... are kept indoors during the winter. Appropriate breeding strategies are necessary to improve the productivity of the local breeds in the region. Sheep is one of the species that has relatively high biodiversity in the Middle East. For example, sheep population in Iran comprises 26 breed populations ...
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology

... ropA encodes a 36-kDa outer membrane protein of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 248 which constitutes the low-Mr part of antigen group III (R. A. de Maagd, I. H. M. Mulders, H. C. J. Canter Cremers, and B. J. J. Lugtenberg, J. Bacteriol. 174:214–221, 1992). We observed that genes homologou ...
chromosomes
chromosomes

... Chromosomes may differ in the position of the Centromere, the place on the chromosome where spindle fibers are attached during cell division. In general, if the centromere is near the middle, the chromosome is metacentric If the centromere is toward one end, the chromosome is acrocentric or submetac ...
SABRE is required for stabilization of root hair
SABRE is required for stabilization of root hair

... on similar gene networks and regulatory mechanisms, which have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis by molecular genetics and modeling (Schiefelbein et al. 2009, Balkunde et al. 2010, Benítez et al. 2011). Fate ...
The universal reagent for genome tailoring
The universal reagent for genome tailoring

... control that the remaining loxP site does not create a disturbance in the gene function after the selectable marker is removed. Interestingly, this allele without the marker removal (Fig. 3B) can provide a useful tool for learning more about the function of the gene of interest. If the marker was de ...
The Close Relationship Between the A and B Genomes in Avena L
The Close Relationship Between the A and B Genomes in Avena L

... AŠena ŠaŠiloŠiana (Malz.) Mordv. strongly and uniformly, revealing the close relationship between these two genomes. Comparison of patterns of size-separated DNA restriction fragments between the diploid A. strigosa and the tetraploid A. ŠaŠiloŠiana, using 32 different restriction enzymes, revealed ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... move the mouse and it will appear! ...
The Arabidopsis BET Bromodomain Factor GTE4
The Arabidopsis BET Bromodomain Factor GTE4

... that the function of Bdf1 in sporulation is only dependent on one bromodomain (Chua and Roeder, 1995). The presence of only one bromodomain in the plant BET protein members was supposed to be compensated by a dimerization event, but there is still no evidence that can support this hypothesis (Floren ...
My PP Genetics
My PP Genetics

... Each codon represents an amino acid. These are strung together to make a protein. Translation uses transfer RNA (tRNA) to transfer amino acids to the protein being assembled. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley ...
Syntrophic linkage between predatory Carpediemonas and
Syntrophic linkage between predatory Carpediemonas and

... with other microbes has rarely been investigated so far. Here, we studied an example of such an interaction by cultivating the anerobic marine flagellate, Carpediemonas frisia sp. nov. (supergroup Excavata), with parts of its naturally associated microbiome. This microbiome consisted of so far uncul ...
The aconitase of Escherichia cok purification of the
The aconitase of Escherichia cok purification of the

... Prodromou, unpublished observations). One corresponded to the lac region of the physical map (Kohara et al., 1987), possibly because the probe was contaminated with fragments of lac DNA, and the other was traced to the recC and ptrIII genes at 61 min. These genes each contain a small sequence that i ...
HIV-1 Vpr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins
HIV-1 Vpr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins

... (Figure 4b). These results indicate that Vpr-fusion proteins containing HIV protease-cleavage sites did not undergo nonspecific proteolytic cleavage in COS-7 cells. To test whether these Vpr-fusion proteins could be efficiently incorporated and subsequently processed in HIV-1 viral particles, each o ...
Cloning and functional characterization of temperature responsive
Cloning and functional characterization of temperature responsive

... although seeds can germinate at 10°C, the faster germination occurs at 25°C temperature. Beside seed germination, temperature also affects other developmental stages (Weiss, 2000). For instance, castor bean flowering occurs between 20‐26°C. When the temperature rises to 40°C at floweri ...
Dating the Origin of the CCR5-Δ32 AIDS
Dating the Origin of the CCR5-Δ32 AIDS

... Red Blood Cell showing sickle shape due to sickle-cell anemia. ...
Information about mosaic Neurofibromatosis type 2
Information about mosaic Neurofibromatosis type 2

... vestibular schwannoma. Differentiating this diagnosis from either generalised NF2 or mosaic NF2 is clearly important because health monitoring and management will be different to reflect the differing health implications. The next step to clarify the diagnosis is usually to take a blood test to look ...
New Approach to Inactivation of Harmful and Pathogenic
New Approach to Inactivation of Harmful and Pathogenic

... Mechanism of Microbial Inactivation As it was mentioned before, early in the last century it was known that certain microorganisms can be killed by the combination of dyes and light in vitro (21). Since then, there have been several reports about the possibility to kill microorganisms by photoactive ...
Scientist finds the gene that determines major sensitivity to bitter taste
Scientist finds the gene that determines major sensitivity to bitter taste

... of their family also found it bitter. The evidence was so strong for a genetic link that PTC tasting ability was used as evidence in paternity tests before DNA tests were available. More than 70 years later, a single gene underlying this variation was discovered and reported by Un-kyung Kim and coll ...
Genes Critical for Muscle Development and Function in
Genes Critical for Muscle Development and Function in

... assembly of thick and thin filaments into the myofilamerit lattice as well as the polarized location of these components to the sarcolemma. Mutations in another three genes also disrupt thick and thin filament assembly, but allow proper polarization of lattice components based on the myosin heavy ch ...
A Mutation in the Eta Subunit of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
A Mutation in the Eta Subunit of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

... In previous studies, biochemical and immunologic experiments demonstrated that the proband had variable PD C activity in cells and tissues and that the level of activity corresponded to the amo un t of E] subunit proteins detected by immunoblot analysis (18). Whereas fibroblasts had normal activity ...
identification of esterases expressed in caco
identification of esterases expressed in caco

... that are known to enhance the membrane permeability and transepithelial transport of hydrophilic drugs by increasing the lipophilicity of their parent compounds (Taylor, 1996). Caco-2 cells, derived from a colon adenocarcinoma, spontaneously differentiate under defined culture conditions to exhibit ...
Maintenance of DNA Methylation during the Arabidopsis Life Cycle
Maintenance of DNA Methylation during the Arabidopsis Life Cycle

... FIS2 maternal allele in the endosperm. A putative general paternal silencing has been observed for reporters of endospermexpressed genes for up to 4 DAP (Vielle-Calzada et al., 2000). It could be hypothesized that such a general mechanism also affects expression at genomic loci for genes expressed i ...
Induction of XIST expression from the human active
Induction of XIST expression from the human active

... Induced XIST expression does not alter expression of other X-linked genes The induction of XIST expression from the active X chromosome might be anticipated to silence the expression of other genes on the chromosome. To address this, the transcriptional status of seven genes subject to X chromosome ...
Using the Wolbachia Bacterial Symbiont to Teach Inquiry
Using the Wolbachia Bacterial Symbiont to Teach Inquiry

... bacterium Wolbachia and invertebrates. This endeavor, called “Discover the Microbes In addition to insects, Wolbachia are also known to infect filarial Within! The Wolbachia Project,” has the following goals: (1) involve students in grade 7 through college in a nationwide effort to collect new genet ...
Sequence of the Tribolium castaneum Homeotic Complex
Sequence of the Tribolium castaneum Homeotic Complex

... OX genes encode transcription factors that regulate developmental fate along the anterior-posterior (A-P) body axis of virtually all bilaterians (Finnerty and Martindale 1998). Hox genes, located in clusters, are spatially colinear in that their chromosomal organization reflects their functional dom ...
Meiosis Notes
Meiosis Notes

... frequency of crossing-over between genes during meiosis might be a clue to the genes’ locations. Sturtevant reasoned that the farther apart two genes were on a chromosome, the more likely it would be that a crossover event would occur between them. If two genes are close together, then crossovers be ...
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Vectors in gene therapy

Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
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