1 How DNA Makes Stuff
... Once the transcription factors are in place, transcription can begin. The workhorse for this process is a collection of enzymes called RNA polymerase. There are a few of these, but the one most intimately connected with the process of making proteins is called RNA polymerase II (also called RNAP II ...
... Once the transcription factors are in place, transcription can begin. The workhorse for this process is a collection of enzymes called RNA polymerase. There are a few of these, but the one most intimately connected with the process of making proteins is called RNA polymerase II (also called RNAP II ...
CIS 595 Bioinformatics
... transcription alone (sometimes referred to as the primary transcript) would contain both coding (exon) and noncoding (intron) sequences. Before it can be translated into protein, the two ends of the RNA are modified, the introns are removed by an enzymatically catalyzed RNA splicing reaction, and th ...
... transcription alone (sometimes referred to as the primary transcript) would contain both coding (exon) and noncoding (intron) sequences. Before it can be translated into protein, the two ends of the RNA are modified, the introns are removed by an enzymatically catalyzed RNA splicing reaction, and th ...
AS 90729 version 2 Describe genetic processes Level 3 Credits 4
... different protein produced / shape change / active site not functional. Silent: the mutation produces the same amino acid as some amino acids have several different codes. No change to the protein. ...
... different protein produced / shape change / active site not functional. Silent: the mutation produces the same amino acid as some amino acids have several different codes. No change to the protein. ...
large bases - De Anza College
... 1st: it binds to one strand of the DNA at a site called the promoter & then moves down the DNA molecule and assembles a complementary copy of RNA transcription ends when the RNA polymerase reaches a certain nucleotide sequence that signals it stop ...
... 1st: it binds to one strand of the DNA at a site called the promoter & then moves down the DNA molecule and assembles a complementary copy of RNA transcription ends when the RNA polymerase reaches a certain nucleotide sequence that signals it stop ...
dna and protein synthesis webquest
... b. What organic molecule group do enzymes belong? (prior knowledge) ________________ c. What gene specifies the amino acid sequence to produce the enzyme from question 12a? ________________________________________________________________________ d. RNA polymerase is used to unwind and unzip the DNA ...
... b. What organic molecule group do enzymes belong? (prior knowledge) ________________ c. What gene specifies the amino acid sequence to produce the enzyme from question 12a? ________________________________________________________________________ d. RNA polymerase is used to unwind and unzip the DNA ...
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard
... nucleotides within a gene in a sperm or an egg cell. • If this cell takes part in fertilization, the altered gene would become part of the genetic makeup of the offspring. ...
... nucleotides within a gene in a sperm or an egg cell. • If this cell takes part in fertilization, the altered gene would become part of the genetic makeup of the offspring. ...
DNA Transcription All#read
... growth-stimulating genes, while translocations in some cancer cells place genes that should be "turned off" in the proximity of strong promoters or enhancers. Enhancer sequences do what their name suggests: They act to enhance the rate at which genes are transcribed, and their effects can be quite p ...
... growth-stimulating genes, while translocations in some cancer cells place genes that should be "turned off" in the proximity of strong promoters or enhancers. Enhancer sequences do what their name suggests: They act to enhance the rate at which genes are transcribed, and their effects can be quite p ...
Formation of Amino Acids
... Notes on Cellular Metabolism Each “word” is just 3 “letters” long. We call each of these “words” a “codon”. Most codons make either a single amino acid or have a special code to start and stop the cell from reading DNA. Total, there are about 20 different amino acids. ...
... Notes on Cellular Metabolism Each “word” is just 3 “letters” long. We call each of these “words” a “codon”. Most codons make either a single amino acid or have a special code to start and stop the cell from reading DNA. Total, there are about 20 different amino acids. ...
SPRGM Teacher Notes - 3D Molecular Designs
... explore modes of inheritance of various traits and develop a deeper understanding of the vocabulary of genetics including heterozygosity, homozygosity, compound heterozygosity, dominance, recessiveness. 4. Mutations Students examine the various mutations noted on the gene map (hypothetical deletions ...
... explore modes of inheritance of various traits and develop a deeper understanding of the vocabulary of genetics including heterozygosity, homozygosity, compound heterozygosity, dominance, recessiveness. 4. Mutations Students examine the various mutations noted on the gene map (hypothetical deletions ...
Assignment 4: The mutation
... A. a change in the gene's reading-frame. B. formation of a protein containing the same amino acids, but in a different order. C. the appearance of a translation stop codon in a different place than in the normal gene. D. formation of an inactive protein or no protein formed. ...
... A. a change in the gene's reading-frame. B. formation of a protein containing the same amino acids, but in a different order. C. the appearance of a translation stop codon in a different place than in the normal gene. D. formation of an inactive protein or no protein formed. ...
RNA Molecules: More than Mere Information Intermediaries
... temperature increases to 37°C, thereby preventing a repressor protein from binding to this segment and enabling expression of virulence genes. Similarly, when Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is exposed to higher temperatures, one of its transcriptional repressors no longer forms multimers an ...
... temperature increases to 37°C, thereby preventing a repressor protein from binding to this segment and enabling expression of virulence genes. Similarly, when Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is exposed to higher temperatures, one of its transcriptional repressors no longer forms multimers an ...
Sept24_26_07 - Salamander Genome Project
... Was the Cambrian Explosion Explosive? Molecular clock estimates suggest 900-1200 my divergence times for the major animal groups (Wray et al., 1996). ...
... Was the Cambrian Explosion Explosive? Molecular clock estimates suggest 900-1200 my divergence times for the major animal groups (Wray et al., 1996). ...
Principles of Biology Exam
... 4. Which of the following does NOT occur during prophase? A. nuclear membrane starts to disappear B. chromatin condenses into chromosomes C. cell plate formation occurs D. spindle fibers, made of microtubules, begin to form 5. Before beginning mitosis, new DNA is synthesized in: A. S phase B. G1 pha ...
... 4. Which of the following does NOT occur during prophase? A. nuclear membrane starts to disappear B. chromatin condenses into chromosomes C. cell plate formation occurs D. spindle fibers, made of microtubules, begin to form 5. Before beginning mitosis, new DNA is synthesized in: A. S phase B. G1 pha ...
Control of Gene Expression
... that binds to an operator DNA sequence to prevent RNA polymerase from binding. • Same as in lac operon. • However, tryptophan acts as a co-repressor, not an inducer. That is, the repressor protein only binds to the operator if tryptophan is also bound to the repressor. • The repressor is coded for b ...
... that binds to an operator DNA sequence to prevent RNA polymerase from binding. • Same as in lac operon. • However, tryptophan acts as a co-repressor, not an inducer. That is, the repressor protein only binds to the operator if tryptophan is also bound to the repressor. • The repressor is coded for b ...
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UNIT 6 lecture part 3regulation
... Posttranslational aspects of protein synthesis: Polypeptide emerges from the ribosome and folds into its 3-D shape. Its conformation allows it to interact with other molecules—it may contain a signal sequence indicating where in the cell it belongs (nucleus, mitochondria, etc.) In the absence ...
... Posttranslational aspects of protein synthesis: Polypeptide emerges from the ribosome and folds into its 3-D shape. Its conformation allows it to interact with other molecules—it may contain a signal sequence indicating where in the cell it belongs (nucleus, mitochondria, etc.) In the absence ...
Transcription in Eukaryotes Eukaryotes have 3 different RNA
... First concensus sequence from lining up several eukaryotic promoters: TATA box ...
... First concensus sequence from lining up several eukaryotic promoters: TATA box ...
DNA Transcription and Translation Project
... This assignment is due on the day of the Transcription/Translation test. No late work will be accepted. All organisms use proteins to grow and function. These proteins are made up of thousands of amino acids which were created through the processes of DNA transcription and translation. The purpose o ...
... This assignment is due on the day of the Transcription/Translation test. No late work will be accepted. All organisms use proteins to grow and function. These proteins are made up of thousands of amino acids which were created through the processes of DNA transcription and translation. The purpose o ...
... cDNA was then purified with the QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen). This elution of about 55 ul of purified cyaninelabeled cDNA was stored at 4 C, and used in less than 24 hours. Hybridization: For each competitive hybridization, the labeled target cDNAs from two samples were used. One cDNA was ...
DNA RNA
... TTAGGG) at the end of the body's chromosomes. • The telomere can reach a length of 15,000 base pairs. • Telomeres function by preventing chromosomes from losing base pair sequences at their ends. They also stop chromosomes from fusing to each other. • Each time a cell divides, some of the telomere i ...
... TTAGGG) at the end of the body's chromosomes. • The telomere can reach a length of 15,000 base pairs. • Telomeres function by preventing chromosomes from losing base pair sequences at their ends. They also stop chromosomes from fusing to each other. • Each time a cell divides, some of the telomere i ...
Access Slides
... Activation of the HNF-4 Gene during CaCo-2 Cell Differentiation and Mapping of the Upstream Regulatory Region. (A) Total RNAs prepared from CaCo-2 cells at the indicated hours after reaching confluence were analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers HNF-4, Enh-3’, Int.1, and ARP PO as control. Quan ...
... Activation of the HNF-4 Gene during CaCo-2 Cell Differentiation and Mapping of the Upstream Regulatory Region. (A) Total RNAs prepared from CaCo-2 cells at the indicated hours after reaching confluence were analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers HNF-4, Enh-3’, Int.1, and ARP PO as control. Quan ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961.