PowerPoint Presentation - Foundations of Biology
... The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or ...
... The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or ...
PHAR2811 Dale`s lecture 7 The Transcriptome Definitions: Genome
... • It cuts off the hairpin loop and the 65 75 nt pre-miRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm by exportin 5 • It is further processed by another RNase III endonuclease system, Dicer. • The mature miRNA s are ~22 nt duplexes and act usually to repress translation of target mRNA sequences. ...
... • It cuts off the hairpin loop and the 65 75 nt pre-miRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm by exportin 5 • It is further processed by another RNase III endonuclease system, Dicer. • The mature miRNA s are ~22 nt duplexes and act usually to repress translation of target mRNA sequences. ...
Slides PPT
... miRNA and siRNA • The 2 species are quite similar, the variations come from their source or origin. • MicroRNA comes from short endogenous hairpin loop structures, synthesised by RNA pol II, often from within introns. • The hairpin structures are cleaved in the nucleus, exported to the cytoplasm an ...
... miRNA and siRNA • The 2 species are quite similar, the variations come from their source or origin. • MicroRNA comes from short endogenous hairpin loop structures, synthesised by RNA pol II, often from within introns. • The hairpin structures are cleaved in the nucleus, exported to the cytoplasm an ...
Protein Structure and Enzyme Function
... you get “CAR”, which is a completely different thing than a “CAT!” The same is true for protein synthesis. ...
... you get “CAR”, which is a completely different thing than a “CAT!” The same is true for protein synthesis. ...
Transcription
... like Roger Kornberg, awarded the 2006 Nobel prize for Chemistry, who has painstakingly studied the micromechanics of transcription, we’re getting a much clearer picture of what happens inside the nucleus, and how the billions of metres of DNA in your body are converted into RNA by an enzyme called R ...
... like Roger Kornberg, awarded the 2006 Nobel prize for Chemistry, who has painstakingly studied the micromechanics of transcription, we’re getting a much clearer picture of what happens inside the nucleus, and how the billions of metres of DNA in your body are converted into RNA by an enzyme called R ...
Fig. 8.1. Amino acid structure
... GGGGGGGGGGGG… Gly Gly Gly Gly… translate in vitro and look at peptides made ...
... GGGGGGGGGGGG… Gly Gly Gly Gly… translate in vitro and look at peptides made ...
Genomic DNA & cDNA Libraries
... At this point we have a mixture containing mutant λ-phage heads and tails. There is isolated A protein and recombinant DNA containing λ-phage genetic information with COS sites. Therefore we have all the components necessary to package the recombinant DNA into the λ-phage head. Once the information ...
... At this point we have a mixture containing mutant λ-phage heads and tails. There is isolated A protein and recombinant DNA containing λ-phage genetic information with COS sites. Therefore we have all the components necessary to package the recombinant DNA into the λ-phage head. Once the information ...
Methods to analyze RNA expression
... What is Real-Time RT-qPCR? • Similar protocol as RT-PCR but rather than checking the presence of products at the end of the reaction by gel electrophoresis, the presence and amplification are tested at the end of every PCR cycles (hence “real-time”). • Fluorescence-based detection of amplificatio ...
... What is Real-Time RT-qPCR? • Similar protocol as RT-PCR but rather than checking the presence of products at the end of the reaction by gel electrophoresis, the presence and amplification are tested at the end of every PCR cycles (hence “real-time”). • Fluorescence-based detection of amplificatio ...
CONTENTS DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA
... biotechnology, allowing scientists to convert RNA to DNA for techniques such as PCR. ...
... biotechnology, allowing scientists to convert RNA to DNA for techniques such as PCR. ...
Ch11_lecture students
... • Some genes are transcribed in all cells because they encode essential proteins, like the electron transport chain of mitochondria. • Other genes are transcribed only in specific types of cells. • How do cells regulate which genes are transcribed? • Proteins bind to “control regions” near gene prom ...
... • Some genes are transcribed in all cells because they encode essential proteins, like the electron transport chain of mitochondria. • Other genes are transcribed only in specific types of cells. • How do cells regulate which genes are transcribed? • Proteins bind to “control regions” near gene prom ...
Systems Biology Conceptual Modeling by Means of Discrete
... the gene is called the mRNA. For the information to be translated from the DNA sequences of the genes into amino acid sequences of proteins, a special class of RNA molecules is used as intermediates [1, 2]. Complementary copies of the genes to be expressed are transcribed from the DNA in the form of ...
... the gene is called the mRNA. For the information to be translated from the DNA sequences of the genes into amino acid sequences of proteins, a special class of RNA molecules is used as intermediates [1, 2]. Complementary copies of the genes to be expressed are transcribed from the DNA in the form of ...
Transcription and Translation
... • All rRNA genes are transcribed as a large precursor molecule that is edited by ribonucleases after transcription to yield the final r RNA products ...
... • All rRNA genes are transcribed as a large precursor molecule that is edited by ribonucleases after transcription to yield the final r RNA products ...
Document
... • Operon: a set of genes that are transcribed from the same promoter and controlled by the same operator site and regulatory proteins. • Regulon: a set of genes (and/or operons) expressed from separate promoter sites, but controlled by the same regulatory molecule. Global regulons may coordinate exp ...
... • Operon: a set of genes that are transcribed from the same promoter and controlled by the same operator site and regulatory proteins. • Regulon: a set of genes (and/or operons) expressed from separate promoter sites, but controlled by the same regulatory molecule. Global regulons may coordinate exp ...
You are going to experiment (on paper) with the somatastatin
... If the codon is changed or mutated such that a C-G pair is substituted for the correct A-T pair that is normally found in the third position, the degeneracy of the code will prevent any change in the overall resulting protein. The codon UGC will also code for Cys and the protein will not be changed. ...
... If the codon is changed or mutated such that a C-G pair is substituted for the correct A-T pair that is normally found in the third position, the degeneracy of the code will prevent any change in the overall resulting protein. The codon UGC will also code for Cys and the protein will not be changed. ...
Lecture 33
... Non-overlapping Unpunctuated – although some codons are signals Mutations - in coding region can cause various ill-effects, such as, change in desired amino acids, early or late stop, insertion, etc. ...
... Non-overlapping Unpunctuated – although some codons are signals Mutations - in coding region can cause various ill-effects, such as, change in desired amino acids, early or late stop, insertion, etc. ...
PAPER 1 File
... In garden peas, the pairs of alleles coding for seed shape and seed colour are unlinked. The allele for smooth seeds (S) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (s). The allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y). If a plant of genotype Ssyy is crossed with a ...
... In garden peas, the pairs of alleles coding for seed shape and seed colour are unlinked. The allele for smooth seeds (S) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (s). The allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y). If a plant of genotype Ssyy is crossed with a ...
Homework Assignment #1
... b. You isolate clones for each of these bands. Two correspond to the ACT1 and ACT2 genes you have already identified. The third you name ACT3. Now you prepare labeled probes specific for each individual actin gene (i.e., they will not cross-hybridize with either of the other actin genes) and use the ...
... b. You isolate clones for each of these bands. Two correspond to the ACT1 and ACT2 genes you have already identified. The third you name ACT3. Now you prepare labeled probes specific for each individual actin gene (i.e., they will not cross-hybridize with either of the other actin genes) and use the ...
File
... mRNA strand leaves the nucleus for the ______________________________ in the cytoplasm Step 6: Once the mRNA leaves, the DNA “zips” back together ...
... mRNA strand leaves the nucleus for the ______________________________ in the cytoplasm Step 6: Once the mRNA leaves, the DNA “zips” back together ...
“Adventures in Eukaryotic Gene Expression: Transcription, Splicing, Polyadenylation, and RNAi”
... Locating the control elements in human DNA New roles for steroid receptor coregulators Connecting transcription with mRNA processing and chromatin Exonic silencers of splicing Signal transduction and alternative splicing Transcriptional responses to DNA damage predict toxicity from radiation therapy ...
... Locating the control elements in human DNA New roles for steroid receptor coregulators Connecting transcription with mRNA processing and chromatin Exonic silencers of splicing Signal transduction and alternative splicing Transcriptional responses to DNA damage predict toxicity from radiation therapy ...
SUNY-ESF Web
... base pairs such as U-G or I-A. If C or A occupies the third position of an anti-codon, they can only base pair in a Watson-Crick geometry. If a U, G, or I occupies the third position, two or three codons can be recognized (See Table 32-5).. Puromycin –an antibiotic that binds to the A site of a r ...
... base pairs such as U-G or I-A. If C or A occupies the third position of an anti-codon, they can only base pair in a Watson-Crick geometry. If a U, G, or I occupies the third position, two or three codons can be recognized (See Table 32-5).. Puromycin –an antibiotic that binds to the A site of a r ...
Nature Rev.Genet
... (sgRNA) binds to PAM sites Recognition of PAM promotes local unwinding and interrogates flanking DNA for the target PAM binding activates the Cas9-RNA nuclease activity and generates a ds break Specificity is determined by the crRNA sequence ...
... (sgRNA) binds to PAM sites Recognition of PAM promotes local unwinding and interrogates flanking DNA for the target PAM binding activates the Cas9-RNA nuclease activity and generates a ds break Specificity is determined by the crRNA sequence ...
DNA REVIEW Name
... 3. Two new strands of DNA result…each with ½ of the original DNA When does replication of chromosomes take place in the cell cycle? S stage of interphase 2. Know these people and their contributions: James Watson and Francis Crick— made the 1st correct model of the DNA molecule Rosalind Franklin and ...
... 3. Two new strands of DNA result…each with ½ of the original DNA When does replication of chromosomes take place in the cell cycle? S stage of interphase 2. Know these people and their contributions: James Watson and Francis Crick— made the 1st correct model of the DNA molecule Rosalind Franklin and ...
DNA RNA Protein
... • DNA can only be synthesized from 5’ to 3’, by adding new nucleotides to the 3’ end. • This is a problem, because both strands must be synthesized at the replication fork, and one strand will necessarily be synthesized in the opposite direction from the movement of the replication fork. • In realit ...
... • DNA can only be synthesized from 5’ to 3’, by adding new nucleotides to the 3’ end. • This is a problem, because both strands must be synthesized at the replication fork, and one strand will necessarily be synthesized in the opposite direction from the movement of the replication fork. • In realit ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961.