Learning Objectives
... 4. Explain how RNA differs from DNA. 5. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein. Is the central dogma ever violated? 6. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 7. Compare where transcription and translation occur in bacteria and in eukaryotes. 8. Define “codon” and expl ...
... 4. Explain how RNA differs from DNA. 5. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein. Is the central dogma ever violated? 6. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 7. Compare where transcription and translation occur in bacteria and in eukaryotes. 8. Define “codon” and expl ...
Learning Objectives
... 4. Explain how RNA differs from DNA. 5. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein. Is the central dogma ever violated? 6. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 7. Compare where transcription and translation occur in bacteria and in eukaryotes. 8. Define “codon” and expl ...
... 4. Explain how RNA differs from DNA. 5. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein. Is the central dogma ever violated? 6. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 7. Compare where transcription and translation occur in bacteria and in eukaryotes. 8. Define “codon” and expl ...
File
... 13. Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? a. the protein product of the promoter b. start and stop codons c. ribosomes and tRNA d. several transcription factors e. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 14. A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said ...
... 13. Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? a. the protein product of the promoter b. start and stop codons c. ribosomes and tRNA d. several transcription factors e. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 14. A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said ...
Defining Protein Products for a Proposed Gene Model
... A reading frame that contains a start codon, a number of codons for amino acids, and then a stop codon A reading frame with multiple start codons A sequence of nucleotides without any stop codons Assume that all the following ORF’s are generated from the same mRNA transcript. Which would be the best ...
... A reading frame that contains a start codon, a number of codons for amino acids, and then a stop codon A reading frame with multiple start codons A sequence of nucleotides without any stop codons Assume that all the following ORF’s are generated from the same mRNA transcript. Which would be the best ...
Biology Slide 1 of 39 End Show
... Translation is the decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein). Translation takes place on ribosomes. During translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. Nucleus ...
... Translation is the decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein). Translation takes place on ribosomes. During translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. Nucleus ...
the 3
... Therefore the second amino acid is Lysine. The first few residues, and their DNA sequence, are as follows (color coded to indicate the correct location in the codon table): Met Lys Leu Gly Arg … ... AUG AAG CUG GGC CGG GCC GUG C.. This procedure is exactly what cells do when they synthesize proteins ...
... Therefore the second amino acid is Lysine. The first few residues, and their DNA sequence, are as follows (color coded to indicate the correct location in the codon table): Met Lys Leu Gly Arg … ... AUG AAG CUG GGC CGG GCC GUG C.. This procedure is exactly what cells do when they synthesize proteins ...
1) For a couple of decades, biologists knew the
... C) the stimulation of translation by initiation factors. D) post-translational control that activates certain proteins. E) a eukaryotic equivalent of prokaryotic promoter functioning. 42) Steroid hormones produce their effects in cells by A) activating key enzymes in metabolic pathways. B) activati ...
... C) the stimulation of translation by initiation factors. D) post-translational control that activates certain proteins. E) a eukaryotic equivalent of prokaryotic promoter functioning. 42) Steroid hormones produce their effects in cells by A) activating key enzymes in metabolic pathways. B) activati ...
Transcription from DNA Virus Genomes
... • T binds polyomaviridae Oris as a hexamer • Early promoter dampened • Late promoter activated • Early transcripts are decreased relative to Late ...
... • T binds polyomaviridae Oris as a hexamer • Early promoter dampened • Late promoter activated • Early transcripts are decreased relative to Late ...
Lecture 2a – Origin of Life and the transition from the RNA world to
... shows that a selfreplicating molecule must be shorter (in terms of base pairs) than the reciprocal of the error rate for copying each base. It is thought that the first self-replicating molecule was an RNA (or perhaps an RNA-like molecule). We will not discuss the important question of how the 4 bas ...
... shows that a selfreplicating molecule must be shorter (in terms of base pairs) than the reciprocal of the error rate for copying each base. It is thought that the first self-replicating molecule was an RNA (or perhaps an RNA-like molecule). We will not discuss the important question of how the 4 bas ...
A Physiological Approach to DNA Music
... RNA) to store genetic information. In eukaryotes, protozoans, yeast, and bacteria, the genetic material is invariably DNA, whereas some viruses use RNA as their genetic material. DNA molecules are comprised of long chains consisting of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine ...
... RNA) to store genetic information. In eukaryotes, protozoans, yeast, and bacteria, the genetic material is invariably DNA, whereas some viruses use RNA as their genetic material. DNA molecules are comprised of long chains consisting of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine ...
Translation and the Genetic Code
... Be sure you understand what you see in Fig. 12.17. I'm not going to be holding you responsible for nit picky details like "How many proteins are there in the small subunit of a eukaryotic ribosome?" The process of translation can be divided into three main phases: initiation, during which the riboso ...
... Be sure you understand what you see in Fig. 12.17. I'm not going to be holding you responsible for nit picky details like "How many proteins are there in the small subunit of a eukaryotic ribosome?" The process of translation can be divided into three main phases: initiation, during which the riboso ...
Gene Expression
... them. Some of these junk DNA segments do have a function: to regulate the gene expression of other genes. There are proteins whose job it is to monitor the cell size, and when the cell gets too big, they race back to the nucleus to tell the cell to divide. A gene codes for those proteins: proto-onco ...
... them. Some of these junk DNA segments do have a function: to regulate the gene expression of other genes. There are proteins whose job it is to monitor the cell size, and when the cell gets too big, they race back to the nucleus to tell the cell to divide. A gene codes for those proteins: proto-onco ...
Biology
... TATA box: code on DNA that tells mRNA to start the process of transcription. The start of a gene. Poly A tail: code on DNA that tells mRNA to stop the process of transcription. The end of a gene. AUG: code on mRNA that tells the ribosome to start making a protein UAA, UAG, UGA: code on mRNA that tel ...
... TATA box: code on DNA that tells mRNA to start the process of transcription. The start of a gene. Poly A tail: code on DNA that tells mRNA to stop the process of transcription. The end of a gene. AUG: code on mRNA that tells the ribosome to start making a protein UAA, UAG, UGA: code on mRNA that tel ...
Lectures 1 & 2 (2010.03.05 & 2010.03.06)
... 1. DNA can reproduce itself (replication) 2. DNA can copy its information into RNA (transcription) 3. RNA can specify a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (translation) ...
... 1. DNA can reproduce itself (replication) 2. DNA can copy its information into RNA (transcription) 3. RNA can specify a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (translation) ...
Gene regulation I Biochemistry 302
... Other side of the coin: the biosynthetic trp operon • Amino acid biosynthesis consumes energy – Advantageous to inhibit synthesis of biosynthetic enzymes when end product (amino acid) is available. – Regulatory goal is to repress gene activity. ...
... Other side of the coin: the biosynthetic trp operon • Amino acid biosynthesis consumes energy – Advantageous to inhibit synthesis of biosynthetic enzymes when end product (amino acid) is available. – Regulatory goal is to repress gene activity. ...
DNAandproteinsynthesis
... The first initiation stage of translation brings together mRNA, a tRNA bearing the first amino acid of a polypeptide, and the two ribosomal subunits. The small ribosomal sub-unit attaches to a specific nucleotide sequence on the mRNA strand just ‘upstream’ the initiation codon (AUG) where translatio ...
... The first initiation stage of translation brings together mRNA, a tRNA bearing the first amino acid of a polypeptide, and the two ribosomal subunits. The small ribosomal sub-unit attaches to a specific nucleotide sequence on the mRNA strand just ‘upstream’ the initiation codon (AUG) where translatio ...
DNA WebQuest
... J. What is Your DNA Alias? (You DO NOT need the computer to do this part!) We use four letters to code all the information contained in DNA: A, T, C and G. The letters are used in groups of three. A group is called a codon. DNA contains the information that is needed by your body to make proteins. T ...
... J. What is Your DNA Alias? (You DO NOT need the computer to do this part!) We use four letters to code all the information contained in DNA: A, T, C and G. The letters are used in groups of three. A group is called a codon. DNA contains the information that is needed by your body to make proteins. T ...
Transcription in Prokaryotes
... 8 A:T base pairs. The resulting RNA forms a stem-loop structure, which disrupts the elongation complex. A stretch of A:U base pairs in the DNA/RNA hybrid are weaker than other base pairs and are more easily disrupted as a consequence of stem loop formation. Rho dependent termination: terminators are ...
... 8 A:T base pairs. The resulting RNA forms a stem-loop structure, which disrupts the elongation complex. A stretch of A:U base pairs in the DNA/RNA hybrid are weaker than other base pairs and are more easily disrupted as a consequence of stem loop formation. Rho dependent termination: terminators are ...
Translation | Principles of Biology from Nature Education
... The genetic code is nearly universal to all known species on Earth. There are a few exceptions such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and some prokaryotes. However, it is clear that the exceptions are very few and affect very few codons. Furthermore, all known genetic codes are more similar than differe ...
... The genetic code is nearly universal to all known species on Earth. There are a few exceptions such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and some prokaryotes. However, it is clear that the exceptions are very few and affect very few codons. Furthermore, all known genetic codes are more similar than differe ...
RNA Synthesis
... Truth is ever to be found in the simplicity, and not in the mul7plicity and confusion of things -‐-‐SIR ISAAC NEWTON ...
... Truth is ever to be found in the simplicity, and not in the mul7plicity and confusion of things -‐-‐SIR ISAAC NEWTON ...
Transcription Translation 2017 p2.notebook
... A. Goal: Take a gene from DNA and make a mRNA copy B. Location: Nucleus (eukaryotic cell) C. Steps to Transcription: 1. Initiation: RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter (start sequence) of a gene on a DNA strand 2. Elongation: RNA Polymerase build a new RNA strand off the template str ...
... A. Goal: Take a gene from DNA and make a mRNA copy B. Location: Nucleus (eukaryotic cell) C. Steps to Transcription: 1. Initiation: RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter (start sequence) of a gene on a DNA strand 2. Elongation: RNA Polymerase build a new RNA strand off the template str ...
Gene Control
... Conserves Energy and Resources by 1. only activating proteins when necessary a. don’t make tryptophan if it can be absorbed from environment 2. only producing proteins when needed a. don’t need lactose digesting enzymes ...
... Conserves Energy and Resources by 1. only activating proteins when necessary a. don’t make tryptophan if it can be absorbed from environment 2. only producing proteins when needed a. don’t need lactose digesting enzymes ...
reduce usage of proper splice site
... • Group I introns use a free G nucleotide to catalyze reaction • Group II splicing is similar reaction to that in pre-mRNA splicing ...
... • Group I introns use a free G nucleotide to catalyze reaction • Group II splicing is similar reaction to that in pre-mRNA splicing ...
File
... ________________________________________________________________________ o Hershey/Chase wanted to determined which part of the bacteriophage (the protein coat or nucleic acid core) entered the infected cell o They thought this would allow them to learn whether genes are made of protein or DNA o The ...
... ________________________________________________________________________ o Hershey/Chase wanted to determined which part of the bacteriophage (the protein coat or nucleic acid core) entered the infected cell o They thought this would allow them to learn whether genes are made of protein or DNA o The ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961.