Ribosomal frameshifting in decoding antizyme mRNAs from yeast
... *Correspondence may be addressed to either author at Tel: þ1-353 21 490 1313; Fax: þ1-353 23 55147; Emails: [email protected] and [email protected] ß 2007 The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:/ ...
... *Correspondence may be addressed to either author at Tel: þ1-353 21 490 1313; Fax: þ1-353 23 55147; Emails: [email protected] and [email protected] ß 2007 The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:/ ...
HiScript ® Reverse Transcriptase
... One activity unit (U) is defined as the amount of enzyme that will incorporate 10 nmol of dNTP into acid-insoluble material in 10 minutes at 37°C, using Poly (rA)•Oligo (dT) as template/ primer. ...
... One activity unit (U) is defined as the amount of enzyme that will incorporate 10 nmol of dNTP into acid-insoluble material in 10 minutes at 37°C, using Poly (rA)•Oligo (dT) as template/ primer. ...
Pseudogenes as regulators of biological function
... stability of an mRNA can be influenced by protein factors that bind at different locations in the RNA [38]. If a pseudogene has a high homology with the parent coding gene, including the presence of the same cis-elements, then the RNAs from both could compete for the same pool of trans-acting molecu ...
... stability of an mRNA can be influenced by protein factors that bind at different locations in the RNA [38]. If a pseudogene has a high homology with the parent coding gene, including the presence of the same cis-elements, then the RNAs from both could compete for the same pool of trans-acting molecu ...
Translational control of regA, a key gene controlling
... plasmids integrate into the Volvox genome at random locations, frequently in the form of multiple tandem repeats (Babinger et al., 2001). The Nit+ transformants that were recovered in the experiments reported below exhibited 70 to 80% co-transformation of the unselected marker (in terms of integrati ...
... plasmids integrate into the Volvox genome at random locations, frequently in the form of multiple tandem repeats (Babinger et al., 2001). The Nit+ transformants that were recovered in the experiments reported below exhibited 70 to 80% co-transformation of the unselected marker (in terms of integrati ...
Protein Synthesis
... Transfer RNA, also called tRNA. Folds back on itself Carries an Amino Acid to the ribosome. Has an anticodon at one end. ...
... Transfer RNA, also called tRNA. Folds back on itself Carries an Amino Acid to the ribosome. Has an anticodon at one end. ...
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding
... virus (TMV) results in a hypersensitive response. During this defense reaction several host encoded proteins, known as pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), are induced. Poly(A) RNA from TMV infected tobacco plants was used to construct a cDNA library. Thirty two cDNA clones were isolated and ...
... virus (TMV) results in a hypersensitive response. During this defense reaction several host encoded proteins, known as pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), are induced. Poly(A) RNA from TMV infected tobacco plants was used to construct a cDNA library. Thirty two cDNA clones were isolated and ...
A dioxin sensitive gene, mammalian WAPL, is implicated in
... cervical cancers and is often associated with cervical carcinogenesis. However, the essential function of hWAPL in normal cells is still unknown. Dioxins, classified as endocrine disruptors, are ubiquitous in the environment. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic dioxin and cau ...
... cervical cancers and is often associated with cervical carcinogenesis. However, the essential function of hWAPL in normal cells is still unknown. Dioxins, classified as endocrine disruptors, are ubiquitous in the environment. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic dioxin and cau ...
Expression of Cloned Gene
... control of an easily regulated promoter such as that of lambda or lac. Expression of the cloned gene(s) occurs shortly after T7 RNA polymerase transcription has been switched on. Because it recognizes only T7 promoters, T7 RNA polymerase transcribes only the cloned genes; all other host genes remain ...
... control of an easily regulated promoter such as that of lambda or lac. Expression of the cloned gene(s) occurs shortly after T7 RNA polymerase transcription has been switched on. Because it recognizes only T7 promoters, T7 RNA polymerase transcribes only the cloned genes; all other host genes remain ...
! Mendel`s Law of Independent Assortment
... an offspring of the cross illustrated in the Punnett square in Figure 11.6 has a 50% (or ½) chance of receiving an E for unattached earlobe or an e for attached earlobe from each parent: ...
... an offspring of the cross illustrated in the Punnett square in Figure 11.6 has a 50% (or ½) chance of receiving an E for unattached earlobe or an e for attached earlobe from each parent: ...
5. Differential Gene Expression
... nervous system. also expressed in different cells within these tissues ...
... nervous system. also expressed in different cells within these tissues ...
transcription factor
... • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different levels. ...
... • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different levels. ...
(CH11) Transcription In Eukaryotes (Slides)
... • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different levels. ...
... • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different levels. ...
Transcription in Eukaryotes
... • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different levels. ...
... • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different levels. ...
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cloning of
... physiological effects in vertebrates from fish to mammals including human. They are synthesized and secreted by adrenal cells and are regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone whose release is under the control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Local action of glucocorticoids depends on var ...
... physiological effects in vertebrates from fish to mammals including human. They are synthesized and secreted by adrenal cells and are regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone whose release is under the control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Local action of glucocorticoids depends on var ...
Measuring the Rates of Transcriptional Elongation in the Female
... sequences are silenced by the repeat-associated small RNA (rasiRNA) pathway (Vagin et al. 2006), an RNA silencing mechanism distinct from both the RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. Small silencing RNAs 24–30 nucleotides long, rasiRNAs not only are about 3–7 nucleotides longer th ...
... sequences are silenced by the repeat-associated small RNA (rasiRNA) pathway (Vagin et al. 2006), an RNA silencing mechanism distinct from both the RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. Small silencing RNAs 24–30 nucleotides long, rasiRNAs not only are about 3–7 nucleotides longer th ...
2 An Overview of Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Structure, and Function
... nature. Among these building blocks were nucleic acids, longchain polymers composed of nucleotides. Nucleic acids were named based partly on their chemical properties and partly on the observation that they represent a major constituent of the cell nucleus. That nucleic acids form the chemical basis ...
... nature. Among these building blocks were nucleic acids, longchain polymers composed of nucleotides. Nucleic acids were named based partly on their chemical properties and partly on the observation that they represent a major constituent of the cell nucleus. That nucleic acids form the chemical basis ...
Patrick Cramer Anton Meinhart, Tobias Silberzahn and
... formation (11, 12). Because RNA 3⬘-end formation and transcription termination are interlinked, and because Ssu72 functions also during transcription initiation, Ssu72 may be involved in a possible coupling between transcription termination and initiation (1). Recent data show that Ssu72 is also inv ...
... formation (11, 12). Because RNA 3⬘-end formation and transcription termination are interlinked, and because Ssu72 functions also during transcription initiation, Ssu72 may be involved in a possible coupling between transcription termination and initiation (1). Recent data show that Ssu72 is also inv ...
Export To Word
... Proteins are essential for all functions necessary for life in organisms. Proteins are created by reading the sequence of nucleotides in genetic material (DNA). During cellular processes known as transcription and translation, the DNA code is read, transferred into a copy called mRNA, and then the c ...
... Proteins are essential for all functions necessary for life in organisms. Proteins are created by reading the sequence of nucleotides in genetic material (DNA). During cellular processes known as transcription and translation, the DNA code is read, transferred into a copy called mRNA, and then the c ...
microRNA Targets in Stem Cell Differentiation
... for miR-498 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Chordin, a known inhibitor of bone morphogenic protein, decreased osteogenic differentiation. In addition, application of the synthetic microRNA mimic for miR-148b and the siRNA-mediated knockdown of Noggin, a known bone morphogenic protein ...
... for miR-498 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Chordin, a known inhibitor of bone morphogenic protein, decreased osteogenic differentiation. In addition, application of the synthetic microRNA mimic for miR-148b and the siRNA-mediated knockdown of Noggin, a known bone morphogenic protein ...
Point Mutations Define a Sequence Flanking the
... that is rationalized by the scanning model. However, 5% to 10% of eukaryotic mRNAs have AUG triplet(s) upstream of the known start site for protein synthesis (Kozak, ...
... that is rationalized by the scanning model. However, 5% to 10% of eukaryotic mRNAs have AUG triplet(s) upstream of the known start site for protein synthesis (Kozak, ...
Top Ten Ways to Ensure Valid RNAi Data
... independently use two or more siRNAs to a single target gene. Different siRNAs to the same gene with comparable gene silencing efficacy should induce similar changes in gene expression profiles or phenotypes. Any changes induced by one siRNA and not the other(s) may be attributed to off-target effec ...
... independently use two or more siRNAs to a single target gene. Different siRNAs to the same gene with comparable gene silencing efficacy should induce similar changes in gene expression profiles or phenotypes. Any changes induced by one siRNA and not the other(s) may be attributed to off-target effec ...
Bicoid associates with the 5 -cap-bound complex of caudal mRNA
... (YIRPYL) N-terminal to the BCD homeodomain (Fig. 1c). To test whether cap association of BCD could be mediated by eIF4E, we precoupled recombinant eIF4E to m7GTP-sepharose, incubated it with protein extracts from preblastoderm stage Drosophila embryos, and examined the eIF4E-associated proteins. SDS ...
... (YIRPYL) N-terminal to the BCD homeodomain (Fig. 1c). To test whether cap association of BCD could be mediated by eIF4E, we precoupled recombinant eIF4E to m7GTP-sepharose, incubated it with protein extracts from preblastoderm stage Drosophila embryos, and examined the eIF4E-associated proteins. SDS ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • Splicing itself may regulate the passage of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. • One clear benefit of split genes is to enable a one gene to encode for more than one polypeptide. ...
... • Splicing itself may regulate the passage of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. • One clear benefit of split genes is to enable a one gene to encode for more than one polypeptide. ...
Adrenomedullin Gene Expression Is Developmentally Regulated and
... transcription of the heme-oxygenase-1 gene (14). The two HIF-1 core sequences (59-ACGT-39) within the BT fragment were mutated to 59AAAA-39 to produce the pBTmut plasmid. The mutated heme oxygenase-1 promoter (pBTmut) transfected into rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells produced an 85% reduction ...
... transcription of the heme-oxygenase-1 gene (14). The two HIF-1 core sequences (59-ACGT-39) within the BT fragment were mutated to 59AAAA-39 to produce the pBTmut plasmid. The mutated heme oxygenase-1 promoter (pBTmut) transfected into rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells produced an 85% reduction ...
Supplement Figures
... deduced to be translated at high rates. One of the major difference between their conclusion to the tAI is the value of the U:U interaction (codon with wobble-U translated by a tRNA with a wobble- U) for amino acid in a 4-box. In the tAI calculations this interaction was assumed to be forbidden (sU: ...
... deduced to be translated at high rates. One of the major difference between their conclusion to the tAI is the value of the U:U interaction (codon with wobble-U translated by a tRNA with a wobble- U) for amino acid in a 4-box. In the tAI calculations this interaction was assumed to be forbidden (sU: ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961.