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The riboswitch control of bacterial metabolism
The riboswitch control of bacterial metabolism

... and other Gram-positive bacteria revealed the evolutionarily conserved regulatory element called rfn [10]. It folds into a characteristic conserved structure with five hairpins. Mutations in the rfn-box prevent the repression by flavins and lead to riboflavin overproduction [11]. The rib leader also ...
Mitochondrial DNA and Maximum Oxygen Consumption
Mitochondrial DNA and Maximum Oxygen Consumption

... to 50%. Additionally, a maternal influence for VO2max has been observed (Lesage et al., 1985). This field of research forms the foundation for molecular investigations that aim to identify genetic markers associated with the heritability of aerobic performance--in essence, relating genotype to pheno ...
Novel genes involved in the regulation of
Novel genes involved in the regulation of

... The synthesis of extracellular enzymes and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) in Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc) is subject to co-ordinate regulation by a cluster of genes called rpf (for regulation of pathogenicity factors). These genes are located within a 219 kb region of the ch ...
Human male sex determination and sexual differentiation
Human male sex determination and sexual differentiation

... may be the result of EMX2 mutations that (at least in mice) lead to renal anomalies and intrauterine death (21). In humans, aberrant expression levels of EMX2 have been described in patients with endometriosis (22). The testes consist of two main types of the cells: Sertoli and Leydig cells. Anti-Mü ...
Textbook Reference: Section 17.3
Textbook Reference: Section 17.3

... Chromosomes: Made up of DNA and proteins. Evident during cellular reproduction. Chromatin: Made up of DNA and proteins and is the material that makes up chromosomes. The threads in the nucleus are usually referred to as chromosomes and the material that comprises chromosomes is usually referred to a ...
Cell - David Page Lab
Cell - David Page Lab

... Fortunately for those of us who value this chromosome, David Page and his collaborators have identified a set of new structural elements within the euchromatic MSY that would appear to have a bit of evolutionary “staying power” (Skaletsky et al., 2003). This set of seven regions, referred to as the ...
MOLB – 2220 Pathogenic Microbiology
MOLB – 2220 Pathogenic Microbiology

... • 1958 – Beadle and Tatum: “for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”. …and Lederberg: "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" • 1962 – Watson, Crick, and Wilkins: "for their discoveries concerni ...
DNA and Protein Synthesis WebQuest
DNA and Protein Synthesis WebQuest

... How does the mRNA leave the nucleus? ...
Greed Exam 4
Greed Exam 4

... A: (the first life forms contained RNA instead of DNA as the genetic material) ...
Gene mapping today: applications to farm animals
Gene mapping today: applications to farm animals

... is a DNA sequence that binds a transcription factor whose presence is required for assembly of active chromatin. The hypothesis has been advanced that, in mammals, transcriptionally competent domains replicate during the first half of the S phase, while transcriptionally incompetent domains replicat ...
Leukaemia Section t(11;17)(q13;q21) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Leukaemia Section t(11;17)(q13;q21) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

... globular domain and the alpha helical dimerization domain of NuMA (amino acids 1 to 1883) linked to the ligand-binding, dimerization and DNA-binding domains of RARa (amino acids 61 to 462). Expression localisation Nuclear localisation, under the form of sheet-like nuclear aggregates which partially ...
Section 13.2 Summary – pages 341
Section 13.2 Summary – pages 341

... • The DNA of people with and without a genetic disorder is compared to find differences that are associated with the disorder. Once it is clearly understood where a gene is located and that a mutation in the gene causes the disorder, a diagnosis can be made for an individual, even before birth. ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... • In line with mission to support basic research which will impact on UK quality of life • Fully aligned with priorities for several BBSRC committees including PMS, Agri-Food, GDB, EBS e.g. Comparative Functional Genomics, Bioinformatics Genes to Food Products • Letters of support from Syngenta, Uni ...
Genetics Summary
Genetics Summary

... - Purines: A (adenosine) & G (guanine) - Pyrimidines —> T (thymine) / U (Uracil) & C (cytosine) - The template DNA strand reads 3’ to 5’ - DNA polymerase reads 5’ to 3’ (coding) - Central dogma: DNA —> mRNA —> proteins - tRNA —> brings in amino acids - Codon —> 3 nucleotides - Restriction enzymes —> ...
Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid
Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid

... are also expanded (Supplementary Figs 18 and 19). It is plausible that these proteins participate in epigenetic silencing of transposable elements (as was recently observed for single-copy transgenes in Caenorhabditis elegans22), thereby preventing horizontally transferred transposable elements from ...
Inner Ear Disorders
Inner Ear Disorders

...  Trait for HL is expressed in the presence of a single X chromosome  Occurs more in males because they have single X  males have a single x chromosome  females have 2 copies of the x chromosome ...
Molecular Structures
Molecular Structures

... encoding a protein or structural or functional RNA. The human genome contains about 25.000 genes … ...
Integrons: natural tools for bacterial genome evolution
Integrons: natural tools for bacterial genome evolution

... unpublished data). Therefore, their movement would have to be co-ordinated with those of other cassettes. Collis and Hall [26] demonstrated that integron gene cassettes are excised as covalently closed circles, and observed differences in the resulting recombination products. Some cassettes could be ...
Clustering Time-Series Gene Expression Data Using Smoothing
Clustering Time-Series Gene Expression Data Using Smoothing

...  In this paper, it focuses on the shapes of the curves rather than on the absolute level of expression.  The shapes of the curves may provide meaningful information on coordinate gene regulation. ...
Freeman, Evolutionary Analysis 4th ed
Freeman, Evolutionary Analysis 4th ed

... descent, Darwin's mechanism for change over time - natural selection - wasn't fully accepted until nearly 100 years after the publication of "The Origin." Explain why. Darwin did not know about the principles of genetics - how variation is created and how it is inherited. Kelvin's (inaccurate) estim ...
ISCI FINAL EXAM
ISCI FINAL EXAM

... do the coding. As part of this be sure you know which bases will pair and which will not, and how that assures that exact replication occurs during mitosis. Given a short DNA strand you should be able to sketch how it divides and replicates, keeping up with which are the original and which the “new” ...
Chem452 : Lecture 15
Chem452 : Lecture 15

... variance in all the variables which is accounted for by that factor. Largest eigenvalues gives the principal axis where the variance is largest along the axis. The ratio of eigenvalues : It is extremely important. If a factor has a low eigenvalue, the variance in the variables can be explained less ...
10 new
10 new

... absent. In the trp operon, the repressor has two binding sites: one for DNA and the other for the effector molecule, tryptophan. The trp repressor must first bind to a molecule of tryptophan before it can bind effectively to the trp operator. a. Draw a map of the tryptophan operon, indicating the pr ...
Great Discoveries in Science: The Double Helix [JUDSON:] In the
Great Discoveries in Science: The Double Helix [JUDSON:] In the

... [CRICK:] The key aspect of the structure was the complementary nature of the bases. If you had a big one on this side you had to have a particular small one on this side or viceversa, and so on, all the way up. So it meant that you could easily make... by separating the two chains, you could then ea ...
Gene Regulation Notes
Gene Regulation Notes

... • A different method is to directly regulate transcription. • Prokaryotic DNA is often under “coordinate control” – meaning multiple polypeptides are made from the same stretch of DNA (makes it easy to turn all the genes on or off). • Gene regulation is how the switch is turned on or off – in prokar ...
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Therapeutic gene modulation

Therapeutic gene modulation refers to the practice of altering the expression of a gene at one of various stages, with a view to alleviate some form of ailment. It differs from gene therapy in that gene modulation seeks to alter the expression of an endogenous gene (perhaps through the introduction of a gene encoding a novel modulatory protein) whereas gene therapy concerns the introduction of a gene whose product aids the recipient directly.Modulation of gene expression can be mediated at the level of transcription by DNA-binding agents (which may be artificial transcription factors), small molecules, or synthetic oligonucleotides. It may also be mediated post-transcriptionally through RNA interference.
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