Microwave Engineering
... Microwave: 300MHz ~ 300 GHz, 1 m ~ 1mm. a. Not only apply in this frequency range. The real issue is wavelength. Historically, as early as WWII, this is the first frequency range we need to consider the wave effect. b. Why microwave engineering? We all know that the ideal of capacitor, inductor and ...
... Microwave: 300MHz ~ 300 GHz, 1 m ~ 1mm. a. Not only apply in this frequency range. The real issue is wavelength. Historically, as early as WWII, this is the first frequency range we need to consider the wave effect. b. Why microwave engineering? We all know that the ideal of capacitor, inductor and ...
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Programma EGIL Circuit Breaker Analyzer
... breakers. It is intended for use on circuit breakers with one contact per phase. EGIL incorporates features commonly found on more complex test systems, but is designed to be smaller, simpler to use and less expensive than other similar test sets. Its price makes it attractive to smaller utilities a ...
... breakers. It is intended for use on circuit breakers with one contact per phase. EGIL incorporates features commonly found on more complex test systems, but is designed to be smaller, simpler to use and less expensive than other similar test sets. Its price makes it attractive to smaller utilities a ...
Colpitts oscillator
... active component should be marginally larger than the attenuation of the capacitive voltage divider, to obtain stable operation. Thus, a Colpitts oscillator used as a variable frequency oscillator (VFO) performs best when a variable inductance is used for tuning, as opposed to tuning one of the two ...
... active component should be marginally larger than the attenuation of the capacitive voltage divider, to obtain stable operation. Thus, a Colpitts oscillator used as a variable frequency oscillator (VFO) performs best when a variable inductance is used for tuning, as opposed to tuning one of the two ...
AN-610 - Fairchild
... that are currently utilized for bipolar designs are also applicable to CMOS, power consumption becomes a new area of concern in high-performance system designs. One advantage of using advanced CMOS logic is its low power consumption. However careless circuit design can increase power consumption, po ...
... that are currently utilized for bipolar designs are also applicable to CMOS, power consumption becomes a new area of concern in high-performance system designs. One advantage of using advanced CMOS logic is its low power consumption. However careless circuit design can increase power consumption, po ...
Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate (""chip"") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent electronic components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit can be made smaller and smaller as the technology advances; in 2008 it dropped below 100 nanometers, and has now been reduced to tens of nanometers.ICs were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits in place of designs using discrete transistors.ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) as a result of the small size and close proximity of the components. As of 2012, typical chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 450 mm2, with up to 9 million transistors per mm2.Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of integrated circuits.