Colpitts Oscillator: Design and Performance Optimization
... As is the scenario with any other oscillator design, the amplification (positive or negative) of the active component must be relatively higher than the attenuation shown by the capacitive voltage divider implemented, to obtain a stable functionality or in other words, a smoother sine-wave output. C ...
... As is the scenario with any other oscillator design, the amplification (positive or negative) of the active component must be relatively higher than the attenuation shown by the capacitive voltage divider implemented, to obtain a stable functionality or in other words, a smoother sine-wave output. C ...
Substrate Coupling in Digital Circuits in Mixed-Signal Smart
... Regardless of the particular noise source—an analog or a digital circuit—substrate noise problems are typically mitigated by employing technological features providing a high degree of component isolation, or by avoiding the integration of digital and analog components on the same chip substrate (e. ...
... Regardless of the particular noise source—an analog or a digital circuit—substrate noise problems are typically mitigated by employing technological features providing a high degree of component isolation, or by avoiding the integration of digital and analog components on the same chip substrate (e. ...
Worst Case Circuit Analysis (WCCA) - les
... critical parameters. Quantifying the contribution of environmental effects on component variability (as will be illustrated in an example) is also a critical step in the development of a WCCA. A number of starting places can be used to establish random and biased contributions to variability. They m ...
... critical parameters. Quantifying the contribution of environmental effects on component variability (as will be illustrated in an example) is also a critical step in the development of a WCCA. A number of starting places can be used to establish random and biased contributions to variability. They m ...
RC Circuit Answers - Rockwood Staff Websites Staff Websites
... 7. Two resistors of the same length, both made of the same material, are connected in a series to a battery as shown above. Resistor II has a greater cross. sectional area than resistor I. Which of the following quantities has the same value for each resistor? A. Potential difference between the two ...
... 7. Two resistors of the same length, both made of the same material, are connected in a series to a battery as shown above. Resistor II has a greater cross. sectional area than resistor I. Which of the following quantities has the same value for each resistor? A. Potential difference between the two ...
Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate (""chip"") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent electronic components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit can be made smaller and smaller as the technology advances; in 2008 it dropped below 100 nanometers, and has now been reduced to tens of nanometers.ICs were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits in place of designs using discrete transistors.ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) as a result of the small size and close proximity of the components. As of 2012, typical chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 450 mm2, with up to 9 million transistors per mm2.Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of integrated circuits.