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Morphogenesis of Flowers—Our Evolving View
Morphogenesis of Flowers—Our Evolving View

... two forms of date palm and that fruit set could be promoted if dust of a flowering shoot of a sterile tree was shaken over the flowering shoots of potentially fertile trees. The first historical records of attempts to comprehend the general properties of plants are the writings of the Greek philosop ...
Quantitative genetics
Quantitative genetics

... East’s 1916 work on quantitative traits  Environmental  Because ...
Bacterial evolution and the cost of antibiotic resistance
Bacterial evolution and the cost of antibiotic resistance

... suspending the use of an antibiotic. Cohan et al. [5] examined the cost of resistance to rifampicin in Bacillus subtilis. Mutations that confer resistance to rifampicin occur in the rpoB gene, which encodes the β subunit of the RNA polymerase, and these mutations tend to reduce the competitive fitne ...
Seed specific polycomb group gene and methods of use for same
Seed specific polycomb group gene and methods of use for same

... ing betWeen genomes is usually loW or nonexistent. Although apomixis is effectively used in Citrus to produce uniform and disease- and virus-free rootstock (Parlevliet JE et al, in Citrus. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., Vol. 74, 252—260, ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

... Assume that in guinea pigs, dark brown fur (B) is dominant to black fur (b). If you mate a black guinea pig with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what proportion of the progeny will be homozygous? ...
Inflorescence Meristem Identity in Rice Is Specified
Inflorescence Meristem Identity in Rice Is Specified

... genes during reproductive transition and early stages of inflorescence development, we generated transgenic rice plants in which the expression levels of MADS14, MADS15, or MADS18 were reduced by RNA interference (RNAi). Despite a significant reduction in the levels of mRNA from each of these genes, n ...
Effects of increased concentrations of chloride on the expression of
Effects of increased concentrations of chloride on the expression of

... antioxidant enzymes. That said, the specific type of stress, stress intensity and stress period has significantly different effects on gene behavior and impacts on the expression of many different proteins. Since, the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species are the superoxide dismutase ...
THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL - THE FATHER OF GENETICS
THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL - THE FATHER OF GENETICS

... such a cross is accepted today as the correct analysis not only for plants, but also for animals. Mendel’s system of nomenclature was to represent dominant genetic factors using a capital letter for the dominant gene and the same letter in the lower case for the recessive alternative. The letter is ...
Regulators and Regulation of Legume Root
Regulators and Regulation of Legume Root

... Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark Nitrogen is the nutrient plants require in the highest amount, and in agriculture nitrogen availability has a major influence on both yield and product qua ...
Transgenic Tobacco Plant Expressing Environmental E. coli merA
Transgenic Tobacco Plant Expressing Environmental E. coli merA

... environments. Several studies have successfully integrated bacterial mer genes into plant genomes to create superior plants for phytoremediation of mercurial-contaminated sites, based on the merA-mediated mercury reduction and volatilization mechanism [3, 21, 23, 24]. Converting tobacco to a mercury ...
Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing the Drosophila
Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing the Drosophila

... plants derived from a cross of one line with SR1 (Figure 7 and Table 2). Five progeny plants expressed the transgene, four of which showed the characteristic abnormal leaf phenotypes, and three of these four plants also showed a small percentage of abnormal flowers. None of the plants that did not e ...
The Engineered Chloroplast Genome Just Got Smarter
The Engineered Chloroplast Genome Just Got Smarter

... Control via the Chloroplast Genome  Although major advances have been made in hyperexpressing native biopesticide genes from Bacillus thuringiensis via the chloroplast genome  To form crystals of the B. thuringiensis toxin Bt within chloroplasts,  Plastid expression of Bt genes in important major ...
ww2.methuen.k12.ma.us
ww2.methuen.k12.ma.us

... One mechanism for this transmission of traits from parent to offspring is the “blending” hypothesis. • However, the “blending” hypothesis appears incorrect as everyday observations and the results of breeding experiments contradict its predictions. • An alternative model, proposes that parents pass ...
Intro to Punnett Squares
Intro to Punnett Squares

... the offspring of a cross between a homozygous (purebred) tall pea plant and a  homozygous (purebred) short pea plant.   In pea plants (which Gregor Mendel studied), tall pea plants are dominant over short  genotype  ­the visual (dominant) and hidden (recessive) traits that an organism has and  can p ...
What is meant by the term monogenic? What`s probability got to do
What is meant by the term monogenic? What`s probability got to do

... • The genotype of the F1 round, yellow plants can be symbolized as RrYy to indicate that the plant is heterozygous for the dominant and recessive alleles for two different traits. • Mendel’s principle of segregation predicts that 1/2 of the gametes produced by such a plant should carry the dominant ...
genetics problems
genetics problems

... 5. Gametes are haploid and have 1 allele at each gene locus. Each trait is represented by one letter: B, b. This is the gamete’s genotype for that trait. 6. To determine the gametes that an organism can produce, take one allele (letter) from each gene locus (trait) for each gamete. Use the shortcut ...
Document
Document

... Monohybrid cross = cross of two different true-breeding strains (homozygotes) that differ in a single trait. Reciprocal cross = sexes for the two strains are reversed (and if the results are the same, trait is not sex-linked). Dihybrid cross = cross of two different true-breeding strains (homozygote ...
Mendel - the father of modern genetics
Mendel - the father of modern genetics

... ** note that Mendel used the same letter (T or t) , and not T vs d for the different forms of one trait. You must try to do the same or you will confuse yourself and me too! We now use the term genes rather than factor, and different forms of a gene are called alleles; thus T and t are alleles of a ...
Types of NLRDs - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator
Types of NLRDs - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator

... physical containment level 2 and that are appropriate for the dealings: (a) a dealing involving whole animals (including non-vertebrates) that: (i) involves genetic modification of the genome of the oocyte or zygote or early embryo by any means to produce a novel whole organism; and (ii) does not in ...
1/7/2011 Probability and Independent Assortment Genetical Jargon
1/7/2011 Probability and Independent Assortment Genetical Jargon

... variation is explained by allelic differences in just one gene The term single gene trait in no way implies that only a single gene product is involved in the development or structure & function of the cells/tissue/organ related to the trait Other genes are likely to be involved in pea seed morpholo ...
Gene editing - Publications
Gene editing - Publications

... animals to impart new characteristics. The ability to transfer a gene from one species to another, or from one organism to another, was a significant development in biotechnology however its adoption was fraught with consumer aversion to plant or animal products that contained genetic material of an ...
The Inheritance of DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes
The Inheritance of DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes

... 1 in pea plants. DNA sequence analysis in plants with yellow and green peas has identified one normal gene for yellow coloration, and a mutated form of this same gene responsible for green coloration. The name of this gene is the “stay green” (SGR) gene. A mutation in the green peas abolishes the ac ...
4/1/2011 Probability and Independent Assortment Genetical Jargon
4/1/2011 Probability and Independent Assortment Genetical Jargon

... variation is explained by allelic differences in just one gene The term single gene trait in no way implies that only a single gene product is involved in the development or structure & function of the cells/tissue/organ related to the trait Other genes are likely to be involved in pea seed morpholo ...
Association genetics of complex traits in conifers
Association genetics of complex traits in conifers

... determined. Thus, whole genome scan association mapping is not possible. The candidate-gene-based approach is feasible and might even be more desirable given the characteristics of conifer genome variation. The most important issues in designing and implementing an association mapping study are: (i) ...
Apple polygalacturonase inhibiting protein1 expressed in transgenic tobacco
Apple polygalacturonase inhibiting protein1 expressed in transgenic tobacco

... The previously sequenced apple pgip gene (Arendse et al., 1999; Genbank Accession no. DQ185063), termed Mdpgip1, was identical to that isolated independently by Yao et al. (1999) from an apple fruit (cv. Golden delicious) cDNA library (Genbank accession no. U77041). The Mdpgip1 gene was engineered f ...
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Genetically modified crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation.Farmers have widely adopted GM technology. Between 1996 and 2013, the total surface area of land cultivated with GM crops increased by a factor of 100, from 17,000 square kilometers (4,200,000 acres) to 1,750,000 km2 (432 million acres). 10% of the world's croplands were planted with GM crops in 2010. In the US, by 2014, 94% of the planted area of soybeans, 96% of cotton and 93% of corn were genetically modified varieties. In recent years GM crops expanded rapidly in developing countries. In 2013 approximately 18 million farmers grew 54% of worldwide GM crops in developing countries.There is general scientific agreement that food on the market derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food. GM crops also provide a number of ecological benefits. However, opponents have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including environmental concerns, whether food produced from GM crops is safe, whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.
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