Population genetics Main concepts
... evolution) over time. • State why mutations are important to the process of genetic change over time. Are all mutations harmful? (Please note that just because an organism “needs” some trait doesn’t mean it will appear suddenly as a “mutation.” Think genetically.) • State why gene flow can alter the ...
... evolution) over time. • State why mutations are important to the process of genetic change over time. Are all mutations harmful? (Please note that just because an organism “needs” some trait doesn’t mean it will appear suddenly as a “mutation.” Think genetically.) • State why gene flow can alter the ...
In addition to natural selection, genetic drift & gene flow cause change
... population of several thousand managed to survive. One of the survivors carried a color blindness allele. In today’s population on this island, over 1 in 20 people is afflicted with color blindness – well over 20%. In the original population about 2.5% of the people had this form of color blindness. ...
... population of several thousand managed to survive. One of the survivors carried a color blindness allele. In today’s population on this island, over 1 in 20 people is afflicted with color blindness – well over 20%. In the original population about 2.5% of the people had this form of color blindness. ...
Evolution of Populations - Living Environment H: 8(A,C)
... left/right because there’s a higher fitness and increase in the number of individuals with the trait at one end of the curve Stabilizing selection: When the bell becomes more narrow, because there’s a higher fitness and increase in the number of individuals with the trait in the center of the curve ...
... left/right because there’s a higher fitness and increase in the number of individuals with the trait at one end of the curve Stabilizing selection: When the bell becomes more narrow, because there’s a higher fitness and increase in the number of individuals with the trait in the center of the curve ...
CP Biology Chapter 11 notes
... are isolated in this way. Each species produces a different pattern of flashes that attracts mates of their own species. Geographic, or physical, barriers result in geographic isolation, such as wen a river or mountain divides a population into two or more groups. For example, populations of snappin ...
... are isolated in this way. Each species produces a different pattern of flashes that attracts mates of their own species. Geographic, or physical, barriers result in geographic isolation, such as wen a river or mountain divides a population into two or more groups. For example, populations of snappin ...
So what does genetics have to do with Evolution
... the proportion of gene copies in a population that are a specific allele. Calculated by dividing the number of copies of an allele of the gene, but the total number of genes (of all alleles). Frequencies are reported in decimal form. The frequencies of all possible alleles should sum to 1.0 2. How m ...
... the proportion of gene copies in a population that are a specific allele. Calculated by dividing the number of copies of an allele of the gene, but the total number of genes (of all alleles). Frequencies are reported in decimal form. The frequencies of all possible alleles should sum to 1.0 2. How m ...
Natural Selection Notes
... Produce Glycerol which acts like antifreeze This prevents ice crystals from forming in a way that destroys the cells ...
... Produce Glycerol which acts like antifreeze This prevents ice crystals from forming in a way that destroys the cells ...
Evolution - Richard Dawkins Foundation
... supported by multiple forms of evidence. III. Natural Selection is a primary mechanism leading to change over time in organisms. ...
... supported by multiple forms of evidence. III. Natural Selection is a primary mechanism leading to change over time in organisms. ...
N AA
... likely to breed with each other, e.g. because of geography or culture • The gene pool is the sum total of all alleles in the population (Purves fig 23.3) ...
... likely to breed with each other, e.g. because of geography or culture • The gene pool is the sum total of all alleles in the population (Purves fig 23.3) ...
Evolution Lecture Part 2
... variations (may not be ideal) • 2. Evolution is limited by historical constraints (bats, birds from walking) • 3. Adaptations are often compromises • 4. Chance, natural (founders effect does not ensure fit alleles in new pop) selection,and the environment interact ...
... variations (may not be ideal) • 2. Evolution is limited by historical constraints (bats, birds from walking) • 3. Adaptations are often compromises • 4. Chance, natural (founders effect does not ensure fit alleles in new pop) selection,and the environment interact ...
Chapter 23: Evolution of Populations - Biology E
... If individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygotes, they exhibit heterozygote advantage, wherein natural selection tends to maintain two or more alleles at that locus. Since heterozygote advantage is defined by genotype, not phenotype, wh ...
... If individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygotes, they exhibit heterozygote advantage, wherein natural selection tends to maintain two or more alleles at that locus. Since heterozygote advantage is defined by genotype, not phenotype, wh ...
objectives 11
... Explain why individuals cannot evolve and why evolution does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Describe two examples of natural selection known to occur in nature. Note three key points about how natural selection works. Explain how fossils form, noting examples of each process. Explain how t ...
... Explain why individuals cannot evolve and why evolution does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Describe two examples of natural selection known to occur in nature. Note three key points about how natural selection works. Explain how fossils form, noting examples of each process. Explain how t ...
evolution/population genetics
... phenotype is controlled by the homozygous aa genotype. Therefore, the frequency of the dominant phenotype equals the sum of the frequencies of AA and Aa, and the recessive phenotype is simply the frequency of aa. Therefore, the dominant frequency is 64% and, in the first part of this question above, ...
... phenotype is controlled by the homozygous aa genotype. Therefore, the frequency of the dominant phenotype equals the sum of the frequencies of AA and Aa, and the recessive phenotype is simply the frequency of aa. Therefore, the dominant frequency is 64% and, in the first part of this question above, ...
Slide 1
... One allele will give information for producing normal hemoglobin -Another allele (ONLY 1 base different) produces hemoglobin with 1 different amino acid This difference makes the hemoglobin less soluble When Oxygen levels are low, the hemoglobin molecules start sticking together, resulting in the re ...
... One allele will give information for producing normal hemoglobin -Another allele (ONLY 1 base different) produces hemoglobin with 1 different amino acid This difference makes the hemoglobin less soluble When Oxygen levels are low, the hemoglobin molecules start sticking together, resulting in the re ...
Population Genetics & Evolution
... Mechanisms that disrupt a population’s genetic equilibrium • Gene flow - transport of genes by migrating individuals Genes are lost from the gene pool when an individual leaves a population; genes are added when an individual enters a population QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this ...
... Mechanisms that disrupt a population’s genetic equilibrium • Gene flow - transport of genes by migrating individuals Genes are lost from the gene pool when an individual leaves a population; genes are added when an individual enters a population QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this ...
honors biology Ch. 13 Notes Evolution
... o less common #’s go up from greater food 13.16 Explain what is meant by neutral variation. Mutations that have no effect, + or -, on the individual Mutation occurs in __________ region of DNA Occurs but doesn’t change ___________ significantly 13.17 Give four reasons why natural selection can ...
... o less common #’s go up from greater food 13.16 Explain what is meant by neutral variation. Mutations that have no effect, + or -, on the individual Mutation occurs in __________ region of DNA Occurs but doesn’t change ___________ significantly 13.17 Give four reasons why natural selection can ...
Classification and Adaptation
... species cannot adapt to a change in its environment. This can be gradual or rapid. – Gradual extinction - occurs at a slow rate and may be due to other organisms, changes in climate, or natural disasters. – Mass extinction - occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment very suddenly (suc ...
... species cannot adapt to a change in its environment. This can be gradual or rapid. – Gradual extinction - occurs at a slow rate and may be due to other organisms, changes in climate, or natural disasters. – Mass extinction - occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment very suddenly (suc ...
Notes on Evolution, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Primates
... selection dependent upon most common phenotype (at the time) ...
... selection dependent upon most common phenotype (at the time) ...
The Theory of Evolution
... Dogs being bred for certain traits Horses being bred for speed Cotton and wheat being bred for size ...
... Dogs being bred for certain traits Horses being bred for speed Cotton and wheat being bred for size ...
Date
... 4. Know the observations and inferences Darwin had while on his voyage (what did he do with specimens? Homologous, analogous, vestigial features, know examples!!!) Natural Selection 5. Be able to explain and support the theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Microevolution 6. What is microevoluti ...
... 4. Know the observations and inferences Darwin had while on his voyage (what did he do with specimens? Homologous, analogous, vestigial features, know examples!!!) Natural Selection 5. Be able to explain and support the theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Microevolution 6. What is microevoluti ...
genes in population
... Carolus Linnaeus - 1760’s, introduced method of classifying living organisms - assumed fixed and unchanging species biologists of late 1700’s - concept of changing species Jean Baptiste Lamarck - 1800, first scientific hypothesis of evolution - based on inheritance of acquired characteristics Charle ...
... Carolus Linnaeus - 1760’s, introduced method of classifying living organisms - assumed fixed and unchanging species biologists of late 1700’s - concept of changing species Jean Baptiste Lamarck - 1800, first scientific hypothesis of evolution - based on inheritance of acquired characteristics Charle ...
Consequence of Late Spring Freeze?
... Q: What if blue was better able to survive the effects of a spring freeze? Who dies? . . .and therefore, does not reproduce... ...
... Q: What if blue was better able to survive the effects of a spring freeze? Who dies? . . .and therefore, does not reproduce... ...
Slide 1
... 2. Codominance (codominant alleles) -phenotypes of both homozygote parents are expressed in the heterozygote e.g. flowers Purple x White = Purple&White PP x WW = PW ...
... 2. Codominance (codominant alleles) -phenotypes of both homozygote parents are expressed in the heterozygote e.g. flowers Purple x White = Purple&White PP x WW = PW ...
population
... today, biologists often focus on a particular population. This evolution of populations is called microevolution. ...
... today, biologists often focus on a particular population. This evolution of populations is called microevolution. ...
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology is said to occur when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).Polymorphism as described here involves morphs of the phenotype. The term is also used somewhat differently by molecular biologists to describe certain point mutations in the genotype, such as SNPs (see also RFLPs). This usage is not discussed in this article.Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation; it usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Other examples are mimetic forms of butterflies (see mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types.According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified by natural selection. In polyphenism, an individual's genetic make-up allows for different morphs, and the switch mechanism that determines which morph is shown is environmental. In genetic polymorphism, the genetic make-up determines the morph. Ants exhibit both types in a single population.Polymorphism also refers to the occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals, called zooids within the same organism. It is a characteristic feature of Cnidarians.For example, in Obelia there are feeding individuals, the gastrozooids; the individuals capable of asexual reproduction only, the gonozooids, blastostyles and free-living or sexually reproducing individuals, the medusae.