EXAM 4-Fall2005.doc
... 8) Darwin and Wallace both realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to maintain a constant population. What is the fate of the excess individuals? A) They have evolved so that they cannot survive in their environment. B) Some less favorable individuals do not survive ...
... 8) Darwin and Wallace both realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to maintain a constant population. What is the fate of the excess individuals? A) They have evolved so that they cannot survive in their environment. B) Some less favorable individuals do not survive ...
Possible Research Topics
... Mass extinctions (or one specific extinction if you like) The evolution of particular diseases and/or evolutionarily based responses to them Heterozygous advantage and genetic disorders Darwin's finches Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle The search for the structure of DNA The evolution of symbioti ...
... Mass extinctions (or one specific extinction if you like) The evolution of particular diseases and/or evolutionarily based responses to them Heterozygous advantage and genetic disorders Darwin's finches Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle The search for the structure of DNA The evolution of symbioti ...
chapter_22
... Francis Galton and Karl Pearson (late 1800s): Recognized that continuous traits are statistically correlated between parents and offspring, but could not determine how transmission occurs. ...
... Francis Galton and Karl Pearson (late 1800s): Recognized that continuous traits are statistically correlated between parents and offspring, but could not determine how transmission occurs. ...
How natural selection changes allele frequencies
... neutral. (Five of the six appeared to be weakly deleterious, and one appeared to be beneficial.) A more sensitive experimental design (with larger populations and allele-frequency assays) would probably show most of these to be significant, raising the fraction of deleterious no-phenotype knockouts ...
... neutral. (Five of the six appeared to be weakly deleterious, and one appeared to be beneficial.) A more sensitive experimental design (with larger populations and allele-frequency assays) would probably show most of these to be significant, raising the fraction of deleterious no-phenotype knockouts ...
Lab Sporks and Beans Natural Selection AP Bio 2010
... responsible for the spoon-like appearance of both the spoon and fork while the UF (caused by a genetic mutation) is responsible for the fork-like appearance of the spork. These two alleles show incomplete dominance. The genotype US US yields the phenotype of a spoon and the US UF has a phenotype of ...
... responsible for the spoon-like appearance of both the spoon and fork while the UF (caused by a genetic mutation) is responsible for the fork-like appearance of the spork. These two alleles show incomplete dominance. The genotype US US yields the phenotype of a spoon and the US UF has a phenotype of ...
fitness function.
... • To overcome some of the problems associated with selection (e.g. stagnation and premature convergence), the following can be used • Fitness scaling – Ensures that extremely fit members are not selected too often during fitness proportionate selection methods. ...
... • To overcome some of the problems associated with selection (e.g. stagnation and premature convergence), the following can be used • Fitness scaling – Ensures that extremely fit members are not selected too often during fitness proportionate selection methods. ...
Gene Frequency and Speciation
... local environment. Usually inter-fertile (can interbreed) but generally prevented from doing so by ecological barriers. 3. The differences in these three ecotypes suggests that a different set of alleles is better suited in one type of environment than another. 4. If a barrier to interbreeding is in ...
... local environment. Usually inter-fertile (can interbreed) but generally prevented from doing so by ecological barriers. 3. The differences in these three ecotypes suggests that a different set of alleles is better suited in one type of environment than another. 4. If a barrier to interbreeding is in ...
Individuals DON`T evolve…
... By determining the frequency of allele types (e.g. A and a) and genotypes (e.g. AA, Aa, and aa) it is possible to determine the state of the gene pool. Stable allele frequencies over time indicates no evolution Changing allele frequencies over time indicates evolution is ...
... By determining the frequency of allele types (e.g. A and a) and genotypes (e.g. AA, Aa, and aa) it is possible to determine the state of the gene pool. Stable allele frequencies over time indicates no evolution Changing allele frequencies over time indicates evolution is ...
Q: What does “DNA” stand for? A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Q: If an
... get offspring with the same desirable traits? ...
... get offspring with the same desirable traits? ...
YEAR 10 REVISION – SEMESTER II EXAM
... Name three issues relating to the use of IVF. Give the 5 steps required for a cycle of IVF treatment What does the term mutation mean? What are the two causes of mutations? Give three examples of mutations and state whether they are beneficial or detrimental What genetic disorder is caused by i) too ...
... Name three issues relating to the use of IVF. Give the 5 steps required for a cycle of IVF treatment What does the term mutation mean? What are the two causes of mutations? Give three examples of mutations and state whether they are beneficial or detrimental What genetic disorder is caused by i) too ...
Lecture on Population Genetics
... If one allele is present at very high frequency and the remainder at low frequencies, there will be very little heterozygosity because by necessity most of the individuals will be homozygous for the common allele. Heterozygosity will be greatest when there are many alleles at a locus all at equal fr ...
... If one allele is present at very high frequency and the remainder at low frequencies, there will be very little heterozygosity because by necessity most of the individuals will be homozygous for the common allele. Heterozygosity will be greatest when there are many alleles at a locus all at equal fr ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
... • Crossing over (recombination) very rare within an inversion – Genes within an inversion are linked – Inherited together as a unit ...
... • Crossing over (recombination) very rare within an inversion – Genes within an inversion are linked – Inherited together as a unit ...
Processes of Evolution
... Some of the isolated populations develop genetic and chromosomal differences that no longer allow inter-breeding with the parent population. The subspecies is genetically and geographically isolated from its ancestral population. ...
... Some of the isolated populations develop genetic and chromosomal differences that no longer allow inter-breeding with the parent population. The subspecies is genetically and geographically isolated from its ancestral population. ...
Non-adaptive explanations
... pool. Any heritable characteristics that contribute to reproductive success will come to dominate the gene pool. The species changes in the direction of those characteristics. • In other words, the currency of natural selection is BABIES. Survival is only important in promoting more babies. • Natura ...
... pool. Any heritable characteristics that contribute to reproductive success will come to dominate the gene pool. The species changes in the direction of those characteristics. • In other words, the currency of natural selection is BABIES. Survival is only important in promoting more babies. • Natura ...
10.3 Theory of Natural Selection
... • There is a struggle for survival due to overpopulation and limited resources. • Darwin proposed that adaptations arose over many generations. • Natural selection is when individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring ...
... • There is a struggle for survival due to overpopulation and limited resources. • Darwin proposed that adaptations arose over many generations. • Natural selection is when individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring ...
Variation Hardy
... unattached earlobes; you are either rhesus positive or rhesus negative; you are blood group A, B, AB or O. So, it is typical of dominance, recessive and codominant inheritance patterns. Discontinuous variation is often controlled by a single gene, i.e. it is monogenic. In other cases, it may be cont ...
... unattached earlobes; you are either rhesus positive or rhesus negative; you are blood group A, B, AB or O. So, it is typical of dominance, recessive and codominant inheritance patterns. Discontinuous variation is often controlled by a single gene, i.e. it is monogenic. In other cases, it may be cont ...
All life is based on the same genetic code
... reproduce more themselves. 3. After many generations most (or all) of the individuals have the new trait. ...
... reproduce more themselves. 3. After many generations most (or all) of the individuals have the new trait. ...
population - Damien Rutkoski
... today, biologists often focus on a particular population. This evolution of populations is called microevolution. ...
... today, biologists often focus on a particular population. This evolution of populations is called microevolution. ...
Term 2 Review ?s Answer key
... 58. When a species is separated from each other and therefore unable to breed. 59. This occurs within the same geographic area. This can be a case where subgroups of the original population evolved adaptations for exploiting different food sources. Also polyploidy, which is genetic isolation by h ...
... 58. When a species is separated from each other and therefore unable to breed. 59. This occurs within the same geographic area. This can be a case where subgroups of the original population evolved adaptations for exploiting different food sources. Also polyploidy, which is genetic isolation by h ...
Lecture Summary Concepts
... 4. Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing. 5. Theories are proved true in all cases, hypotheses are usually falsified by tests. Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based? 1. Poorly adapted individuals never produc ...
... 4. Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing. 5. Theories are proved true in all cases, hypotheses are usually falsified by tests. Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based? 1. Poorly adapted individuals never produc ...
Chapter 4 Heredity and Evolution
... altered in small populations that are taken from, or are remnants of, larger populations. A new population will be established, and as long as mates are chosen only within this population, all the members will be descended from the founders. An allele that was rare in the founders’ parent population ...
... altered in small populations that are taken from, or are remnants of, larger populations. A new population will be established, and as long as mates are chosen only within this population, all the members will be descended from the founders. An allele that was rare in the founders’ parent population ...
The Genetic Engine
... • Natural selection can “happen” if the trait undergoing selective pressure is genetically determined • Natural selection can only work toward traits' that increase fitness for survival and reproduction • Natural selection acts by changing the frequency of alleles in the gene pool over time – thus p ...
... • Natural selection can “happen” if the trait undergoing selective pressure is genetically determined • Natural selection can only work toward traits' that increase fitness for survival and reproduction • Natural selection acts by changing the frequency of alleles in the gene pool over time – thus p ...
Traditional (historical) Breeding
... • Gene: The basic unit of heredity consisting of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that forms the genetic code • Chromosome: One of a number of long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell • Homolog: O ...
... • Gene: The basic unit of heredity consisting of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that forms the genetic code • Chromosome: One of a number of long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell • Homolog: O ...
3-HumanGen Linkage
... • Researchers looked for the gene that causes Huntington disease took researchers to a remote village in Venezuela and a large family pedigree. • The gene was eventually traced to a Portuguese sailor believed to have introduced the mutant gene in a fishing village. ...
... • Researchers looked for the gene that causes Huntington disease took researchers to a remote village in Venezuela and a large family pedigree. • The gene was eventually traced to a Portuguese sailor believed to have introduced the mutant gene in a fishing village. ...
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology is said to occur when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).Polymorphism as described here involves morphs of the phenotype. The term is also used somewhat differently by molecular biologists to describe certain point mutations in the genotype, such as SNPs (see also RFLPs). This usage is not discussed in this article.Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation; it usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Other examples are mimetic forms of butterflies (see mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types.According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified by natural selection. In polyphenism, an individual's genetic make-up allows for different morphs, and the switch mechanism that determines which morph is shown is environmental. In genetic polymorphism, the genetic make-up determines the morph. Ants exhibit both types in a single population.Polymorphism also refers to the occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals, called zooids within the same organism. It is a characteristic feature of Cnidarians.For example, in Obelia there are feeding individuals, the gastrozooids; the individuals capable of asexual reproduction only, the gonozooids, blastostyles and free-living or sexually reproducing individuals, the medusae.