Gilchrist, GW, CE Lee. 2007
... Abstract Introduced and invasive species are major threats native species and communities and, quite naturally, most scientists and managers think of them in terms of ecological problems. However, species introductions are also experiments in evolution, both for the alien species and for the communi ...
... Abstract Introduced and invasive species are major threats native species and communities and, quite naturally, most scientists and managers think of them in terms of ecological problems. However, species introductions are also experiments in evolution, both for the alien species and for the communi ...
population subdivision: gene flow
... symmetric or that population sizes are identical. They use all the data provided for each population, and not summary statistics like FST. Several different programs are used including FLUCTUATE, MIGRATE, and GENETREE, but there are many more. Direct measures of migration can come from mark-recaptur ...
... symmetric or that population sizes are identical. They use all the data provided for each population, and not summary statistics like FST. Several different programs are used including FLUCTUATE, MIGRATE, and GENETREE, but there are many more. Direct measures of migration can come from mark-recaptur ...
Lecture 13: May 24, 2004
... 1. Alternative versions of genes account for variation in inherited characters 2. For each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent 3. If two alleles differ, one is dominant, the other recessive 4. The two alleles for each character segregate (separate) during gamete product ...
... 1. Alternative versions of genes account for variation in inherited characters 2. For each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent 3. If two alleles differ, one is dominant, the other recessive 4. The two alleles for each character segregate (separate) during gamete product ...
Mendel`s Laws of Heredity Why we look the way we look
... Codominance – Both show Both alleles of the trait show in the heterozygote ...
... Codominance – Both show Both alleles of the trait show in the heterozygote ...
Other Genetic Crosses
... Hemophilia, coat color in cats, color blindness are some genes located on the X chromosome, thus referred to as Sex-Linked Traits. While males have an X and Y sex chromosome, females have two X’s. In cats, for example the color for their coat is located on the X chromosome. One X chromosome may have ...
... Hemophilia, coat color in cats, color blindness are some genes located on the X chromosome, thus referred to as Sex-Linked Traits. While males have an X and Y sex chromosome, females have two X’s. In cats, for example the color for their coat is located on the X chromosome. One X chromosome may have ...
Types of Inheritance
... • Shared expression of a trait. Each allele is expressed fully. • An example would be a variegated red and white flower, or blood type ...
... • Shared expression of a trait. Each allele is expressed fully. • An example would be a variegated red and white flower, or blood type ...
Hemoglobin: Structure
... new variations. This is one of the crucial pieces of information that Darwin lacked, and thus prevented him from actually directly addressing the name of his book: The Origin of Species (1859). • It was an ongoing criticism of Darwinian evolution until the discoveries of how genetic material can ran ...
... new variations. This is one of the crucial pieces of information that Darwin lacked, and thus prevented him from actually directly addressing the name of his book: The Origin of Species (1859). • It was an ongoing criticism of Darwinian evolution until the discoveries of how genetic material can ran ...
Simulated ecology-driven sympatric speciation
... context of more sophisticated models; in those simple models the equilibrium population ends up to be C, thus justifying its name. This is not the case for models that include a more detailed microscopic description of the evolutionary interactions, where the equilibrium population is a complex func ...
... context of more sophisticated models; in those simple models the equilibrium population ends up to be C, thus justifying its name. This is not the case for models that include a more detailed microscopic description of the evolutionary interactions, where the equilibrium population is a complex func ...
Population Genetics:
... Thalassemia, both genetic diseases that prevent normal globin production occurs more often in some populations than others. For both of these conditions, which are recessive lethals, heterozygotes are more reproductive in areas of the world where malaria is a problem than either homozygous class. Wh ...
... Thalassemia, both genetic diseases that prevent normal globin production occurs more often in some populations than others. For both of these conditions, which are recessive lethals, heterozygotes are more reproductive in areas of the world where malaria is a problem than either homozygous class. Wh ...
How is sex determined in insects?
... sex chromosome-linked mutation in Drosophila melanogaster which gave final proof to this theory. Morgan’s student Calvin Bridges formulated his classic balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila on the basis of genotypes with variable X : A ratios, implying a counting mechanism for X-linked f ...
... sex chromosome-linked mutation in Drosophila melanogaster which gave final proof to this theory. Morgan’s student Calvin Bridges formulated his classic balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila on the basis of genotypes with variable X : A ratios, implying a counting mechanism for X-linked f ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
... • Thus, Type AB can accept any blood types because it will not attack A or B surface antigens. However, a type AB person could only donate blood to another AB person. They are known as Universal ...
... • Thus, Type AB can accept any blood types because it will not attack A or B surface antigens. However, a type AB person could only donate blood to another AB person. They are known as Universal ...
Biology-studytargetsforsemesterII
... 1. I can summarize the major concepts of natural selection: Differential survival and reproduction Chance inheritance of variation Environment selects for specific traits Mutations are the raw material for change 2. I can describe how natural selection is a mechanism for evolution by explaining how ...
... 1. I can summarize the major concepts of natural selection: Differential survival and reproduction Chance inheritance of variation Environment selects for specific traits Mutations are the raw material for change 2. I can describe how natural selection is a mechanism for evolution by explaining how ...
AP Biology TEST #5 – Chapters 21 – 25 REVIEW SHEET
... A) It increases the difficulty of eliminating harmful mutations from the population B) It breaks up adaptive combinations of genes C) It reduces the rate at which females pass genes on to their offspring D) When it involves separate genders, it reduces the overall reproductive rate ...
... A) It increases the difficulty of eliminating harmful mutations from the population B) It breaks up adaptive combinations of genes C) It reduces the rate at which females pass genes on to their offspring D) When it involves separate genders, it reduces the overall reproductive rate ...
Section 6
... However, its effective size was estimated to be only 85 (Ne/N = 0.04). Genetic concerns are much more immediate with and effective size of 85 than 2,000. ...
... However, its effective size was estimated to be only 85 (Ne/N = 0.04). Genetic concerns are much more immediate with and effective size of 85 than 2,000. ...
Evolution - Language Log
... wiser than any nation upon the face of the earth. Their customs otherwise are not such as I admire. The one thing of which I speak is the contrivance whereby they make it impossible for the enemy who invades them to escape destruction, while they themselves are entirely out of his reach, unless it p ...
... wiser than any nation upon the face of the earth. Their customs otherwise are not such as I admire. The one thing of which I speak is the contrivance whereby they make it impossible for the enemy who invades them to escape destruction, while they themselves are entirely out of his reach, unless it p ...
Population Genetics and Hardy Weinburg
... frequency with the final allele frequency. Ex: The same population was analyzed 5 years later. 25% of the population expressed the homozygous phenotype. What is the frequency of the recessive and dominant alleles now? p and q are both .5 The population has changed…. ...
... frequency with the final allele frequency. Ex: The same population was analyzed 5 years later. 25% of the population expressed the homozygous phenotype. What is the frequency of the recessive and dominant alleles now? p and q are both .5 The population has changed…. ...
chapter_21b
... Non-random mating Inbreeding decreases variation and in some cases fitness (but not always), and contributes to the effects of other processes by decreasing effective population size. ...
... Non-random mating Inbreeding decreases variation and in some cases fitness (but not always), and contributes to the effects of other processes by decreasing effective population size. ...
Important questions from the unit genetics and
... because the two genes representing a single character did not segregate independently. Morgan explained that the deviation from Mendelian ratio was because of linkage. Linkage is defined as the coexistence of two or more genes in the same chromosome that inherited together. If the genes are situated ...
... because the two genes representing a single character did not segregate independently. Morgan explained that the deviation from Mendelian ratio was because of linkage. Linkage is defined as the coexistence of two or more genes in the same chromosome that inherited together. If the genes are situated ...
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology is said to occur when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).Polymorphism as described here involves morphs of the phenotype. The term is also used somewhat differently by molecular biologists to describe certain point mutations in the genotype, such as SNPs (see also RFLPs). This usage is not discussed in this article.Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation; it usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Other examples are mimetic forms of butterflies (see mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types.According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified by natural selection. In polyphenism, an individual's genetic make-up allows for different morphs, and the switch mechanism that determines which morph is shown is environmental. In genetic polymorphism, the genetic make-up determines the morph. Ants exhibit both types in a single population.Polymorphism also refers to the occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals, called zooids within the same organism. It is a characteristic feature of Cnidarians.For example, in Obelia there are feeding individuals, the gastrozooids; the individuals capable of asexual reproduction only, the gonozooids, blastostyles and free-living or sexually reproducing individuals, the medusae.