DETECTING AND CHARACTERIZING PLEIOTROPY: NEW
... Whether pleiotropy is universal or modular has an impact on how pleiotropic genes are influenced by selection. Complex organisms have vastly more cell types than prokaryotes, but only about four-fold more genes.10 The necessary increase in pleiotropy per gene that this statistic suggests could limit ...
... Whether pleiotropy is universal or modular has an impact on how pleiotropic genes are influenced by selection. Complex organisms have vastly more cell types than prokaryotes, but only about four-fold more genes.10 The necessary increase in pleiotropy per gene that this statistic suggests could limit ...
Phylogeny of Firmicutes with special reference to Mycoplasma
... Staphylococcus, Listeria and Lactobacillus (clustering within Bacilli II) and the spore-forming genera Geobacillus and Bacillus (Bacilli I) are well-supported as being monophyletic (Fig. 1). The genus Mycoplasma appeared to be paraphyletic (because of Ureaplasma and Spiroplasma) and Clostridium is a ...
... Staphylococcus, Listeria and Lactobacillus (clustering within Bacilli II) and the spore-forming genera Geobacillus and Bacillus (Bacilli I) are well-supported as being monophyletic (Fig. 1). The genus Mycoplasma appeared to be paraphyletic (because of Ureaplasma and Spiroplasma) and Clostridium is a ...
Inferring Host Gene Subnetworks Involved in Viral
... L), are actually key host factors involved in viral replication. The integer linear program used in our approach consists of an objective function and a set of constraints characterizing subnetworks that are deemed biologically interpretable. Due to functional redundancy in the host genome and the i ...
... L), are actually key host factors involved in viral replication. The integer linear program used in our approach consists of an objective function and a set of constraints characterizing subnetworks that are deemed biologically interpretable. Due to functional redundancy in the host genome and the i ...
Natural variation in nucleolar dominance reveals
... distinct differences in the NOR chromatin organization in interphase nuclei of LC1 and 9502 (Fig. 5). In LC1, A. arenosalike NORs show partial decondensation at interphase, which is manifest in two ways. One manifestation is the appearance of FISH signal spots in excess of the number of NORs because ...
... distinct differences in the NOR chromatin organization in interphase nuclei of LC1 and 9502 (Fig. 5). In LC1, A. arenosalike NORs show partial decondensation at interphase, which is manifest in two ways. One manifestation is the appearance of FISH signal spots in excess of the number of NORs because ...
PDF
... assembly. We also found that more mRNAs had higher percentage matches in Cel2 than in MGSCv3 (that is, > 97%). As a further test, we especially investigated how well long mRNAs can be matched to each assembly. The 10 longest mRNA sequences are all matched well with both assemblies, except for the pi ...
... assembly. We also found that more mRNAs had higher percentage matches in Cel2 than in MGSCv3 (that is, > 97%). As a further test, we especially investigated how well long mRNAs can be matched to each assembly. The 10 longest mRNA sequences are all matched well with both assemblies, except for the pi ...
Bean Bunny Evolution
... 2. From your previous knowledge about natural selection, evolution and genetics, answer the problem question on your student answer page in the space marked “Hypothesis.” State your hypothesis in an “If…then…” format. Include your predictions regarding how you think natural selection will affect the ...
... 2. From your previous knowledge about natural selection, evolution and genetics, answer the problem question on your student answer page in the space marked “Hypothesis.” State your hypothesis in an “If…then…” format. Include your predictions regarding how you think natural selection will affect the ...
Unit 7.3: Mutation
... A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation. Does the word mutation make you think of science fiction and bug-eyed monsters? Think again. Everyone has mutations. In fact, most people have dozens or even hundreds of mutations in their DNA. Mutations are essential for evolutio ...
... A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation. Does the word mutation make you think of science fiction and bug-eyed monsters? Think again. Everyone has mutations. In fact, most people have dozens or even hundreds of mutations in their DNA. Mutations are essential for evolutio ...
Gene Finding by Computational Analysis
... • The total info stored in all chromosomes constitutes a genome • In most multi-cell organisms, every cell contains the same complete set of chromosomes – May have some small different due to mutation ...
... • The total info stored in all chromosomes constitutes a genome • In most multi-cell organisms, every cell contains the same complete set of chromosomes – May have some small different due to mutation ...
Searching for Mobile Genetic Elements in the Genome of the
... genome, was used to obtain a list of possible DNA transposable elements sequences. The list of sequences that was obtained from RepeatModeler was compared using ...
... genome, was used to obtain a list of possible DNA transposable elements sequences. The list of sequences that was obtained from RepeatModeler was compared using ...
Probabilistic Reconciliation Analysis for Genes and Pseudogenes
... The methods proposed are Bayesian and employ Markov Chain Monte Carlobased framework for analyses. The distinguishing feature of this work from earlier reconciliation-based methods is that evolutionary events of gene tree are mapped to the species tree on the evolutionary time-scale. We present a pr ...
... The methods proposed are Bayesian and employ Markov Chain Monte Carlobased framework for analyses. The distinguishing feature of this work from earlier reconciliation-based methods is that evolutionary events of gene tree are mapped to the species tree on the evolutionary time-scale. We present a pr ...
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... orthologue of ATM and was distinct from internal γ-H2A formation, which depended mostly on the orthologue of ATR (22). It had been thought that telomeres should be protected from recognition as DSBs to prevent cell cycle arrest but it was recently discovered that telomeres could prevent cell cycle d ...
... orthologue of ATM and was distinct from internal γ-H2A formation, which depended mostly on the orthologue of ATR (22). It had been thought that telomeres should be protected from recognition as DSBs to prevent cell cycle arrest but it was recently discovered that telomeres could prevent cell cycle d ...
the art and design of genetic screens
... The lac system. It can be argued that all of molecular biology stems from early detailed studies with three experimental systems: the lac operon of E. coli, and the two E. coli phages T4 and λ (see also the article by Campbell on p471 of this issue). Of these, the lac system remains in widespread us ...
... The lac system. It can be argued that all of molecular biology stems from early detailed studies with three experimental systems: the lac operon of E. coli, and the two E. coli phages T4 and λ (see also the article by Campbell on p471 of this issue). Of these, the lac system remains in widespread us ...
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
... been found to induce the accumulation of anthocyanin in apples [15]. However, when it was transformed into Arabidopsis, no visible pigments in transgenic lines were found [17]. Moreover, the contents of anthocyanin were not mentioned, suggesting that the transgenic lines’ higher tolerance to osmotic ...
... been found to induce the accumulation of anthocyanin in apples [15]. However, when it was transformed into Arabidopsis, no visible pigments in transgenic lines were found [17]. Moreover, the contents of anthocyanin were not mentioned, suggesting that the transgenic lines’ higher tolerance to osmotic ...
Causes, Risks, Prevention
... kidneys develop. Some of the cells that are supposed to develop into mature kidney cells stay as early kidney cells instead. Clusters of these early kidney cells sometimes remain after the baby is born. Usually, these cells mature by the time the child is 3 to 4 years old. If this doesn’t happen, th ...
... kidneys develop. Some of the cells that are supposed to develop into mature kidney cells stay as early kidney cells instead. Clusters of these early kidney cells sometimes remain after the baby is born. Usually, these cells mature by the time the child is 3 to 4 years old. If this doesn’t happen, th ...
Ends-out, or replacement, gene targeting in Drosophila
... of the first exon and the intron and second exon) by PCR. This y fragment was cloned into the corresponding sites downstream of w⫹. The yellow rescue construct without FRTs. Two pairs of oligos, 5⬘AATTTAGGGATAACAGGGTAAT-3⬘, 5⬘-AATTATTACCCTGTTATCCCTA-3⬘, and 5⬘-TAGGGATAACAGGGTAATTGCA-3⬘, 5⬘-ATTACCCTG ...
... of the first exon and the intron and second exon) by PCR. This y fragment was cloned into the corresponding sites downstream of w⫹. The yellow rescue construct without FRTs. Two pairs of oligos, 5⬘AATTTAGGGATAACAGGGTAAT-3⬘, 5⬘-AATTATTACCCTGTTATCCCTA-3⬘, and 5⬘-TAGGGATAACAGGGTAATTGCA-3⬘, 5⬘-ATTACCCTG ...
Environmental Microbiology
... the binding of regulatory proteins at specific sites, and thus alter gene expression (Nou et al., 1995; van der Woude et al., 1996). A paradigm for regulation via differential methylation is presented in Fig. 3. Examples of genes controlled via differential methylation are presented in Table 1. Unpr ...
... the binding of regulatory proteins at specific sites, and thus alter gene expression (Nou et al., 1995; van der Woude et al., 1996). A paradigm for regulation via differential methylation is presented in Fig. 3. Examples of genes controlled via differential methylation are presented in Table 1. Unpr ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... tuberculosis. Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified in a pair-wise manner using the anchor-based whole genome comparison (ABWGC) tool and its modified version. For this analysis, four fully sequenced genomes of different strains of M. tuberculosis were taken along with three KwaZulu-Nata ...
... tuberculosis. Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified in a pair-wise manner using the anchor-based whole genome comparison (ABWGC) tool and its modified version. For this analysis, four fully sequenced genomes of different strains of M. tuberculosis were taken along with three KwaZulu-Nata ...
File
... Many if not most mutations are neutral; they have little or no effect on the expression of genes or the function of the proteins for which they code. Whether a mutation is negative or beneficial depends on how its DNA changes relative to the organism’s situation. Mutations are often thought of as ne ...
... Many if not most mutations are neutral; they have little or no effect on the expression of genes or the function of the proteins for which they code. Whether a mutation is negative or beneficial depends on how its DNA changes relative to the organism’s situation. Mutations are often thought of as ne ...
Document
... • For example: Human Blood Types (ABO blood groups) • Blood cells have a carbohydrate marker that is found on the surface of red blood cells. • These markers are called: A substance or B substance. • They are recognized by antibodies present in the blood serum of individuals for foreign carbohydrate ...
... • For example: Human Blood Types (ABO blood groups) • Blood cells have a carbohydrate marker that is found on the surface of red blood cells. • These markers are called: A substance or B substance. • They are recognized by antibodies present in the blood serum of individuals for foreign carbohydrate ...
Solid Tumour Section Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma
... CGH analysis of a case of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tumor DNA was labeled with FITC (Green) and reference DNA was labeled with TRITC (red). The hybridizations were analyzed using an Olympus fluorescence microscope and the ISIS digital image analysis system (Metasystems GmbH, Altlussheim, ...
... CGH analysis of a case of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tumor DNA was labeled with FITC (Green) and reference DNA was labeled with TRITC (red). The hybridizations were analyzed using an Olympus fluorescence microscope and the ISIS digital image analysis system (Metasystems GmbH, Altlussheim, ...
The agouti mouse model: an epigenetic
... around nucleosomes, covalent modifications of histone tails (e.g. acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation), and DNA methylation. The influence of regulatory small RNAs and micro RNAs on gene transcription is also increasingly recognized as a key mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. Conventional ...
... around nucleosomes, covalent modifications of histone tails (e.g. acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation), and DNA methylation. The influence of regulatory small RNAs and micro RNAs on gene transcription is also increasingly recognized as a key mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. Conventional ...
The endogenous molecular clock orchestrates the temporal
... demands and environmental conditions (for example, nutrient status) [3,8-12]. For instance, skeletal muscle rapidly modulates rates of glucose uptake and utilization in response to contraction and/or insulin stimulation [13-15]. While the fluctuations in the role for muscle to store vs. use is commo ...
... demands and environmental conditions (for example, nutrient status) [3,8-12]. For instance, skeletal muscle rapidly modulates rates of glucose uptake and utilization in response to contraction and/or insulin stimulation [13-15]. While the fluctuations in the role for muscle to store vs. use is commo ...
Dragon Genetics - Sherrilyn Kenyon
... all the strips have been used to make popsicle stick chromosomes. For the autosomes and for the sex chromosomes for females, you can use any two strips from the same page. For the sex chromosomes for males, be sure to include an X-chromosome on one side and a Y chromosome on the other side of each p ...
... all the strips have been used to make popsicle stick chromosomes. For the autosomes and for the sex chromosomes for females, you can use any two strips from the same page. For the sex chromosomes for males, be sure to include an X-chromosome on one side and a Y chromosome on the other side of each p ...
Translational selection is operative for synonymous codon usage in
... one end of the distribution (Fig. 3a). This result is certainly related to the very strong purine bias associated with an excess of coding sequences that characterizes the leading strand of C. perfringens, as well as the genomes of several other Gram-positive prokaryotes (Shimizu et al., 2002). This ...
... one end of the distribution (Fig. 3a). This result is certainly related to the very strong purine bias associated with an excess of coding sequences that characterizes the leading strand of C. perfringens, as well as the genomes of several other Gram-positive prokaryotes (Shimizu et al., 2002). This ...
RNA-Seq
RNA-seq (RNA sequencing), also called whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS), is a technology that uses the capabilities of next-generation sequencing to reveal a snapshot of RNA presence and quantity from a genome at a given moment in time.