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Francisella tularensis: an Overview
Francisella tularensis: an Overview

... in these countries since the 1950s may be due to less-frequent exposure of humans to rodents, rabbits, and hares—in turn, reflecting fewer hunters and trappers and a more general reduction in rural populations. During the winter of 1941– 42, 67,000 cases were reported from the region surrounding Ros ...
Laboratory`s BT plan template - American Society for Microbiology
Laboratory`s BT plan template - American Society for Microbiology

http://www.asm.org/ccLibraryFiles/FILENAME/000000002178/BTtemplate3-02-06.pdf
http://www.asm.org/ccLibraryFiles/FILENAME/000000002178/BTtemplate3-02-06.pdf

Biosafety Level 2 - University of Guelph Physics
Biosafety Level 2 - University of Guelph Physics

... risk group towards a classification system based on containment level. Containment levels are more appropriate and give the end-user an indication of the containment required for handling the organism safely in a laboratory setting. The containment level required for work with a particular agent is ...
biosafety guide
biosafety guide

... Biowastes must be decontaminated before leaving the building, usually by autoclaving. Restrict access to the lab. SStaff must receive training in safety procedures appropriate to the organisms being studied. Training sessions should be scheduled annually. Offer immunization and/or tests for the agen ...
MMWR - American Hospital Association
MMWR - American Hospital Association

... Smallpox vaccine is administered by using the multiple-puncture technique with a bifurcated needle, packaged with the vaccine and diluent. According to the product labeling, 2–3 punctures are recommended for primary vaccination and 15 punctures for revaccination. A trace of blood should appear at th ...
Recommendations for Using Smallpox Vaccine in a Pre-Event Vaccination Program
Recommendations for Using Smallpox Vaccine in a Pre-Event Vaccination Program

The biological control of disease vectors
The biological control of disease vectors

Smallpox vaccination and all-cause infectious disease
Smallpox vaccination and all-cause infectious disease

... The present study was based on the Copenhagen School Health Records Register (CSHRR), which contains computerized data on a part of the information from school health records of children who attended public and private primary schools in the municipality of Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark.15 Sinc ...
Module 2
Module 2

... Disinfect weekly and after all spills or breakage's Lubricate O-rings and rotor threads weekly Do not use rotors that have been dropped Contact your centrifuge rep for specific information ...
Figure 1 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Figure 1 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

... the first such study related to Ebola. Additionally, Wenham et al. [4] and Ross [5] detail the high-level architecture of outbreak response management. The most important step forward during the epidemic was the development of a safe and highly effective vaccine and this publication includes the fir ...
Section II Biological Risk Assessment
Section II Biological Risk Assessment

... information helpful for identifying agent and procedural hazards, and the precautions for their control. The absence of a report does not indicate minimal risk. Reports seldom provide incidence data, making comparative judgments on risks among agents difficult. The number of infections reported for ...
Pestilence and Headcolds - Gutenberg-e
Pestilence and Headcolds - Gutenberg-e

... incidence of disease in ancient populations. The general notion is that as populations shifted their subsistence from foraging to agriculture their settlement pattern changed from mobility to sedentism. An increasing population density led to sanitation problems, producing ideal conditions for the s ...
management of biological spills in laboratories
management of biological spills in laboratories

Botulism Infection Control
Botulism Infection Control

... consumption of fermented meat from aquatic mammals and fish. Wound botulism is caused by infection of a contaminated wound with C botulinum organisms, and subsequent absorption into the circulation of locally produced toxin. Most cases are related to injection drug use. In 2004, wound botulism was r ...
Biological Safety Program Manual - BioS
Biological Safety Program Manual - BioS

... 4.6 Animal Biosafety Levels (ABSL) - Designated Levels 1 through 4. The animals purposely infected or naturally carrying the organisms are placed in the ABSL containment level based on a risk assessment of the route of infection (such as an aerosol) of that organism and the degree of pathogenicity. ...
Modeling Potential Responses to Smallpox as a Bioterrorist Weapon Research
Modeling Potential Responses to Smallpox as a Bioterrorist Weapon Research

Anthrax - Government of Manitoba
Anthrax - Government of Manitoba

... from infected cattle have occurred in Africa, Asia, Russia and the USA (12, 19). b The rate and extent of sporulation by vegetative cells shed from infected animals is affected in a complex manner by the environmental conditions into which they fall (2). Under certain laboratory conditions, sporulat ...
The Bioterrorist Threat of Ebola in East Africa and Implications for
The Bioterrorist Threat of Ebola in East Africa and Implications for

... effectively change policy using nonviolent means; if the outlook of the organization has recently changed to reflect urgency and optimism; if new resources such as money are acquired; or if there have been innovations in technology, strategy or weapons. While these characteristics can be conditions ...


... Whatever the biological role of ADA1 and ADA2, it has been demonstrated that the presence (low or high) of these isoenzymes in biological fluids has diagnostic relevance. GAKIS [1] reviewed the known data on ADA activity in serum, pleural, peritoneal and pericardiac effusions, and cerebrospinal flui ...
Bioterrorism Event - Communicable Disease Control and Prevention
Bioterrorism Event - Communicable Disease Control and Prevention

... surveillance (e.g., clinicians requested to watch for and report cases), active surveillance (e.g., calling laboratories or hospitals; this is routinely done in San Francisco by the California Emerging Infectious Diseases program – but only for select conditions), environmental detection (e.g., BioW ...
Literature Review of Laboratory Acquired Infections in Canada and
Literature Review of Laboratory Acquired Infections in Canada and

Vaccine Recommendations
Vaccine Recommendations

Bubonic plague: a metapopulation model of a zoonosis
Bubonic plague: a metapopulation model of a zoonosis

Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)

... infected animal (3). An ulcer forms at the site of infection (3). Bacteria are disseminated from this site via the lymphatic system to regional lymph nodes (3, 5). The enlargement of the lymph nodes often resembles the classic bubo associated with bubonic plague (3). Glandular tularemia occurs when ...
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History of biological warfare

Various types of biological warfare (BW) have been practiced repeatedly throughout history. This has included the use of biological agents (microbes and plants) as well as the biotoxins, including venoms, derived from them.Before the 20th century, the use of biological agents took three major forms: Deliberate contamination of food and water with poisonous or contagious material Use of microbes, biological toxins, animals, or plants (living or dead) in a weapon system Use of biologically inoculated fabrics and personsIn the 20th century, sophisticated bacteriological and virological techniques allowed the production of significant stockpiles of weaponized bio-agents:Bacterial agents: Anthrax, Brucella, Tularemia, etc.Viral agents: Smallpox, Viral hemorrhagic fevers, etc.Toxins: Botulinum, Ricin, etc.
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