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Pierce Genetics: A Conceptual Approach 3e
Pierce Genetics: A Conceptual Approach 3e

... – Conclusion 1: one character is encoded by two genetic factors. – Conclusion 2: two genetic factors (alleles) separate when gametes are formed. – Conclusion 3: The concept of dominant and recessive traits. – Conclusion 4: Two alleles separate with equal probability into the gametes. Fig. 3.4 ...
File
File

... (a) If this population were to reach a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in one generation, what would the phenotypic frequencies be in that new HWE generation? (b) Suppose that the phenotypes of the original adult population were not equally likely to survive and reproduce (selection). The fitness c ...
X-linked - cloudfront.net
X-linked - cloudfront.net

... trait the pedigree is. The information is not given. The possibilities are: o Autosomal dominant ...
introduction to drosophila genetics
introduction to drosophila genetics

Name: Period: Pedigree Chart Activity
Name: Period: Pedigree Chart Activity

... appearance (phenotype) of a particular genetic trait, as it is passed from one generation to the next in a given family. From this information, along with an understanding of inheritance, genotypes of individuals can often be determined. Part 1: How to make a Pedigree Chart. Symbols: 1. Boxes repres ...
click here
click here

... ¼ aa 9. Since individual II-1 is affected, then the parents must be heterozygotes. This means individual II-2 has a 2/3 change of inheriting a recessive allele. If the trait is rare, individual II-3 is presumed to be normal. There is then a ½ chance individual will pass on the TSD gene in her gamete ...
11-2
11-2

... heads and how many tails would you expect to get? Working with a partner, have one person toss a coin ten times while the other person tallies the results on a sheet of paper. Then, switch tasks to produce a separate tally of the second set of 10 tosses. ...
Laboratory animals
Laboratory animals

laboratory animals
laboratory animals

... - obtained by close breeding for more than 20 generations (brother + sister or offspring + one of the parents) - homozygosity higher than 98 % (Degree of homozygosity is expressed as a coefficient of inbreeding.) - features: isogenicity, phenotype uniformity (low variability of reactivity), usually ...
Practice genetics problems
Practice genetics problems

... In the ABO blood system in human beings, alleles A and B are codominant and both are dominant to the O allele. In a paternity dispute, a type AB woman claimed that one of four men was the father of her type A child (the child would be type A with a genotype of either be AA or AO). Which of the follo ...
Ancestral genotypes now susceptible to diease
Ancestral genotypes now susceptible to diease

... susceptibility genotypes can still have weakly deleterious effects on fitness [2,3]. This model predicts that multiple rare, new alleles increasing risk will be found at trait loci, as was recently observed at the ABCA1 gene responsible for low HDL cholesterol [4]. Indeed, a model of weak purifying ...
e. dominant relationships
e. dominant relationships

... The number of chromosomes in the human species is 46; 44 autosomes and two gender (sex) chromosomes. A graphic representation of the chromosome present in the nucleus of a cell is known as karyotype. From a karyotype, we can determine the number, size, and shape of the chromosomes as well as identif ...
Ninja Sea Turtles Lab - Life Sciences Outreach Program
Ninja Sea Turtles Lab - Life Sciences Outreach Program

... generation. (Each consecutive generation is labeled with increasing numbers: F2, F3, F4, and F5) Each player should record this offspring’s genotype on this new turtle card and determine the phenotype. 8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for as many offspring as were determined by rolling the dice in step 5. If ...
Document
Document

... plants with spherical seeds were crossed with true-breeding plants with dented seeds. (Spherical seeds are the dominant characteristic.) Mendel collected the seeds from this cross, grew F1-generation plants, let them self-pollinate to form a second generation, and analyzed the seeds of the resulting ...
Genetics Packet
Genetics Packet

... Some times we only know about the offspring and we want to learn about the parents. If you have been paying attention, you should have started to notice a pattern. You begin by listing the known genotype of the offspring (usually the recessive trait because you should know those letters). Keep in mi ...
Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance

... In some cases, several genes can contribute to aspects of a common phenotype without their gene products ever directly interacting. In the case of organ development, for instance, genes may be expressed sequentially, with each gene adding to the complexity and specicity of the organ. Genes may func ...
Quiz 6
Quiz 6

... and spread quickly throughout the southern states. At that time, nearly all fire ants were found in colonies with a single queen, called monogyne colonies. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that some colonies, called polygyne colonies, had multiple queens. Monogyne colonies produce more offspring ...
Autosomal recessive inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance

... gene from the second parent ...
Natural selection of paper bugs
Natural selection of paper bugs

... processes can occur: genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, gene-flow, and nonrandom mating. You will even gain insights into the processes that can lead to speciation. Summary: The biological principle illustrated by the Hardy-Weinberg equation is this: If a population has only two alleles at ...
(lectures 9-11)  - Felsenstein/Kuhner lab
(lectures 9-11) - Felsenstein/Kuhner lab

... (although the heritability is always written as the square of a quantity h, that is purely for historical reasons and you can ignore h itself). 18. Note that the heritability is not the degree of genetic variation because the VD term is left out of the numerator. Note also that the variance componen ...
Pedigree Chart Activity V2
Pedigree Chart Activity V2

... This is the story of Grandma and Grandpa Flipnob, and their clan! They were married way back in 1933 and have been just like newlyweds ever since. From their union, 4 individuals were created. Elizabeth, the eldest, was born in 1935. Fred soon followed in 1936. In 1939 Michelle was brought into this ...
GENETIC DISORDERS AND PEDIGREES
GENETIC DISORDERS AND PEDIGREES

14_Lecture_Presentation
14_Lecture_Presentation

... • Advantages of pea plants for genetic study – There are many varieties with distinct heritable features, or characters (such as flower color); character variants (such as purple or white flowers) are called traits – Mating can be controlled – Each flower has sperm-producing organs (stamens) and an ...
Self-incompatibility: How to Stay Incompatible
Self-incompatibility: How to Stay Incompatible

... The self-incompatibility genes of flowering plants control recognition reactions that allow self-incompatible plants to reject their own pollen, ensuring that their ovules are available for outcrossing. The Brassica system (Figure 1) involves a pollen surface protein, known as SCR or SP11 [1,2], whi ...
3.1 PEDIGREES AND PROBABILITY The guidelines given below
3.1 PEDIGREES AND PROBABILITY The guidelines given below

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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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