13C analysis of amino acids in human hair using trimethylsilyl
... CONCLUSIONS: The procedure gave consistent d13C values with precision similar to other derivatization methods for the range of sample sizes studied: 50–1000 mg of each amino acid. The method gave d13C values consistent with the known literature values when applied to the analysis of amino acids in h ...
... CONCLUSIONS: The procedure gave consistent d13C values with precision similar to other derivatization methods for the range of sample sizes studied: 50–1000 mg of each amino acid. The method gave d13C values consistent with the known literature values when applied to the analysis of amino acids in h ...
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... amino acids (NEAAs), however, may be biosynthesized using carbon-containing substrates from a variety of dietary macronutrients, and this has been demonstrated by several feeding studies (Reeds 2000; Ambrose and Norr 1993; Jim et al. 2006). In a case where marine or freshwater proteins as well as te ...
... amino acids (NEAAs), however, may be biosynthesized using carbon-containing substrates from a variety of dietary macronutrients, and this has been demonstrated by several feeding studies (Reeds 2000; Ambrose and Norr 1993; Jim et al. 2006). In a case where marine or freshwater proteins as well as te ...
Ovid: Parenteral administration of different amounts of branch
... Altered protein metabolism during injury has been well documented [1-3]. It has been suggested that total parenteral nutrition decreases high muscle protein breakdown and improves impaired body protein synthesis during sepsis [4-6]. The properties of the branch-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, is ...
... Altered protein metabolism during injury has been well documented [1-3]. It has been suggested that total parenteral nutrition decreases high muscle protein breakdown and improves impaired body protein synthesis during sepsis [4-6]. The properties of the branch-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, is ...
Chirality in amino acid over layers at metal crystal surfaces
... A catalyst is a substance that controls the activity (rate of reaction) and/or selectivity (balance of products) of a chemical reaction without itself being a reactant or a product. ...
... A catalyst is a substance that controls the activity (rate of reaction) and/or selectivity (balance of products) of a chemical reaction without itself being a reactant or a product. ...
Reasons for the occurrence of the twenty coded protein amino acids
... should not irreversibly react during the lifetime of the peptide backbone. An example would be phosphoserine in a peptide, which decomposes by hydrolysis and /3elimination. At the present time, stability of the amino acids in peptides is not so critical because of rapid synthesis and turnover, but s ...
... should not irreversibly react during the lifetime of the peptide backbone. An example would be phosphoserine in a peptide, which decomposes by hydrolysis and /3elimination. At the present time, stability of the amino acids in peptides is not so critical because of rapid synthesis and turnover, but s ...
Amino acid concentrations in fluids from the bovine oviduct and
... comprised 70% of the amino acid pool in blastocysts. Aside from being a building block for protein synthesis, GLY has been shown to be one of the most effective organic osmoregulators for the mouse embryo [28-30]. It is possible that GLY plays similar role during preimplantation development of bovin ...
... comprised 70% of the amino acid pool in blastocysts. Aside from being a building block for protein synthesis, GLY has been shown to be one of the most effective organic osmoregulators for the mouse embryo [28-30]. It is possible that GLY plays similar role during preimplantation development of bovin ...
Amino Acids Interp Guide
... Why is this test important? Amino acids are the building blocks that make up protein in all bodily tissues, including bone, muscles, ligaments, tendons, nails, hair, glands and organs. Amino acids are also the basic constituents of all hormones, enzymes and neurotransmitters. Assessment of amino aci ...
... Why is this test important? Amino acids are the building blocks that make up protein in all bodily tissues, including bone, muscles, ligaments, tendons, nails, hair, glands and organs. Amino acids are also the basic constituents of all hormones, enzymes and neurotransmitters. Assessment of amino aci ...
METBIONET GUIDELINES FOR AMINO ACID ANALYSIS.
... homocystine and hydrolysis of peptides causing increased proline12. A repeat specimen should be requested if there is any evidence of specimen deterioration. · Faecal contamination causes increased proline, glutamic acid, branched chain amino acids but not hydroxyproline. Faecal bacteria can produce ...
... homocystine and hydrolysis of peptides causing increased proline12. A repeat specimen should be requested if there is any evidence of specimen deterioration. · Faecal contamination causes increased proline, glutamic acid, branched chain amino acids but not hydroxyproline. Faecal bacteria can produce ...
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... 143B.TK- cells after switching the the culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13C15N culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13 C15 N amino acid ratios at (a) 2.5 min, (b) 5 min, (c) 10 min, and (d) 20 ...
... 143B.TK- cells after switching the the culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13C15N culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13 C15 N amino acid ratios at (a) 2.5 min, (b) 5 min, (c) 10 min, and (d) 20 ...
Gustatory Responses of Eel Palatine Receptors to Amino Acids and
... are as follows: (a) 11 amino acids which are among naturally occurring amino acids elicited responses in the palatine nerve, but 9 amino acids did not elicit a response even at a high concentration. T h e effect of D-amino acids was always much less than that of their corresponding L-isomers. There ...
... are as follows: (a) 11 amino acids which are among naturally occurring amino acids elicited responses in the palatine nerve, but 9 amino acids did not elicit a response even at a high concentration. T h e effect of D-amino acids was always much less than that of their corresponding L-isomers. There ...
Amino acid
Amino acids (/əˈmiːnoʊ, ˈæmənoʊ, əˈmaɪnoʊ/) are biologically important organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino acids are known and can be classified in many ways. They can be classified according to the core structural functional groups' locations as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids; other categories relate to polarity, pH level, and side-chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acids comprise the second-largest component (water is the largest) of human muscles, cells and other tissues. Outside proteins, amino acids perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis.In biochemistry, amino acids having both the amine and the carboxylic acid groups attached to the first (alpha-) carbon atom have particular importance. They are known as 2-, alpha-, or α-amino acids (generic formula H2NCHRCOOH in most cases, where R is an organic substituent known as a ""side-chain""); often the term ""amino acid"" is used to refer specifically to these. They include the 22 proteinogenic (""protein-building"") amino acids, which combine into peptide chains (""polypeptides"") to form the building-blocks of a vast array of proteins. These are all L-stereoisomers (""left-handed"" isomers), although a few D-amino acids (""right-handed"") occur in bacterial envelopes and some antibiotics. Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are encoded directly by triplet codons in the genetic code and are known as ""standard"" amino acids. The other three (""non-standard"" or ""non-canonical"") are selenocysteine (present in many noneukaryotes as well as most eukaryotes, but not coded directly by DNA), pyrrolysine (found only in some archea and one bacterium) and N-formylmethionine (which is often the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts). Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine are encoded via variant codons; for example, selenocysteine is encoded by stop codon and SECIS element. Codon–tRNA combinations not found in nature can also be used to ""expand"" the genetic code and create novel proteins known as alloproteins incorporating non-proteinogenic amino acids.Many important proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids also play critical non-protein roles within the body. For example, in the human brain, glutamate (standard glutamic acid) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (""GABA"", non-standard gamma-amino acid) are, respectively, the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hydroxyproline (a major component of the connective tissue collagen) is synthesised from proline; the standard amino acid glycine is used to synthesise porphyrins used in red blood cells; and the non-standard carnitine is used in lipid transport.Nine proteinogenic amino acids are called ""essential"" for humans because they cannot be created from other compounds by the human body and, so, must be taken in as food. Others may be conditionally essential for certain ages or medical conditions. Essential amino acids may also differ between species.Because of their biological significance, amino acids are important in nutrition and are commonly used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and food technology. Industrial uses include the production of drugs, biodegradable plastics, and chiral catalysts.