Common Exam - 2005 Department of Physics University of Utah August 27, 2005
... Please note that there is a separate booklet for each numbered question (i.e., use booklet #1 for problem #1, etc.). To receive full credit, not only should the correct solutions be given, but a sufficient number of steps should be given so that a faculty grader can follow your reasoning. Define all ...
... Please note that there is a separate booklet for each numbered question (i.e., use booklet #1 for problem #1, etc.). To receive full credit, not only should the correct solutions be given, but a sufficient number of steps should be given so that a faculty grader can follow your reasoning. Define all ...
NP-complete Problems and Physical Reality
... Throughout the article, I assume basic familiarity with complexity classes such as P and NP (although not much more than that). Sometimes I do invoke elementary physics concepts, but the difficulty of the physics is limited by my own ignorance. After reviewing the basics of P versus NP in Section 2, ...
... Throughout the article, I assume basic familiarity with complexity classes such as P and NP (although not much more than that). Sometimes I do invoke elementary physics concepts, but the difficulty of the physics is limited by my own ignorance. After reviewing the basics of P versus NP in Section 2, ...
Theory and simulations of quantum glass forming liquids
... Understanding the fundamental causes of the dramatic slowdown of dynamics when a liquid transforms into a glass is still a subject of great debate.1–4 Essentially all discussion of the glass transition has focused on the strictly classical regime of liquid state behavior, namely where the de Broglie ...
... Understanding the fundamental causes of the dramatic slowdown of dynamics when a liquid transforms into a glass is still a subject of great debate.1–4 Essentially all discussion of the glass transition has focused on the strictly classical regime of liquid state behavior, namely where the de Broglie ...
Accelerated electron populations formed by Langmuir wave
... the caviton development, fine jetlike structures form in the electron phase space, and we derive the necessary conditions for jet formation depending on the characteristics of the caviton. These phase-space jets represent a portion of the electron population accelerated from a small region near the ...
... the caviton development, fine jetlike structures form in the electron phase space, and we derive the necessary conditions for jet formation depending on the characteristics of the caviton. These phase-space jets represent a portion of the electron population accelerated from a small region near the ...
Path integrals in quantum mechanics
... The operatorial formulation of quantum mechanics is the one usually presented in introductory courses on quantum mechanics. Path integrals are introduced later on, when approaching the problem of quantizing gauge fields. Indeed with the advent of gauge theories, path integrals have become quite popu ...
... The operatorial formulation of quantum mechanics is the one usually presented in introductory courses on quantum mechanics. Path integrals are introduced later on, when approaching the problem of quantizing gauge fields. Indeed with the advent of gauge theories, path integrals have become quite popu ...
Quantum process tomography of two-qubit controlled-Z
... the required nonadiabatic Z pulse, we directly measured the coherent oscillation between the 兩11典 and 兩02典 states. This 共iSWAP兲2 operation sequence is shown in Fig. 3共a兲: we first prepare the 兩11典 state with a pulse to both qubits and then apply a Z pulse with amplitude ⌬i and length ⌬t to qubit B ...
... the required nonadiabatic Z pulse, we directly measured the coherent oscillation between the 兩11典 and 兩02典 states. This 共iSWAP兲2 operation sequence is shown in Fig. 3共a兲: we first prepare the 兩11典 state with a pulse to both qubits and then apply a Z pulse with amplitude ⌬i and length ⌬t to qubit B ...
Observable and hidden singular features of large fluctuations
... and of the LM are formed by the paths which have not touched a caustic. Only the solution with the smallest Sa (q) should be kept in (2) in the range of q where the distance between the sheets of Sa (q) greatly exceeds D. Therefore the top sheet of So(q) is "invisible" away from the cusp, and the tr ...
... and of the LM are formed by the paths which have not touched a caustic. Only the solution with the smallest Sa (q) should be kept in (2) in the range of q where the distance between the sheets of Sa (q) greatly exceeds D. Therefore the top sheet of So(q) is "invisible" away from the cusp, and the tr ...
Link to PDF - D
... in particular the second law of thermodynamics, are more likely to remain true as we discover more and more about our universe than any other set of laws. Quantum mechanics or general relativity could be shown to be facets of some grander underlying theory, but thermodynamics will likely remain as t ...
... in particular the second law of thermodynamics, are more likely to remain true as we discover more and more about our universe than any other set of laws. Quantum mechanics or general relativity could be shown to be facets of some grander underlying theory, but thermodynamics will likely remain as t ...
On the measurement problem for a two
... used, is assumed to be induced by the embedding of S H into H. However, the sphere S H is a manifold and thus, can be defined independently of the ambient space H. As such, S H is a Hilbert manifold which means that it can be obtained by “gluing together” open sets in a Hilbert space. The Hilbert me ...
... used, is assumed to be induced by the embedding of S H into H. However, the sphere S H is a manifold and thus, can be defined independently of the ambient space H. As such, S H is a Hilbert manifold which means that it can be obtained by “gluing together” open sets in a Hilbert space. The Hilbert me ...
- Philsci
... particles are in the box, and which is otherwise such that the marble counts as being in the box, and another in which all the particles are outside the box, and which is otherwise such that the marble counts as being outside the box. Consider a process that transforms one configuration to the othe ...
... particles are in the box, and which is otherwise such that the marble counts as being in the box, and another in which all the particles are outside the box, and which is otherwise such that the marble counts as being outside the box. Consider a process that transforms one configuration to the othe ...
Quantum Mechanical Path Integrals with Wiener Measures for all
... defined here on the unit sphere, again as the diffusion constant diverges. Finally we comment on how the spin path-integral expression passes to the canonical one as s We content ourselves here with a statement of our principal results, reserving a precise formulation and detailed proofs to a separa ...
... defined here on the unit sphere, again as the diffusion constant diverges. Finally we comment on how the spin path-integral expression passes to the canonical one as s We content ourselves here with a statement of our principal results, reserving a precise formulation and detailed proofs to a separa ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.