61, 062310 (2000)
... entangled states. The similar problem exists in the situation of identifying an arbitrary unknown state 关6兴. Since perfect quantum cloning and identification are impossible, the inaccurate cloning and identification of quantum states have attracted much attention with the development of quantum info ...
... entangled states. The similar problem exists in the situation of identifying an arbitrary unknown state 关6兴. Since perfect quantum cloning and identification are impossible, the inaccurate cloning and identification of quantum states have attracted much attention with the development of quantum info ...
Quantum Mechanics of Many-Electrons Systems and the Theories of
... It must be stressed that the permutation symmetry inherent of manyparticle quantum systems is the most important symmetry requirement that one should impose in an electronic many-particle wave function. In the literature a greater emphasis is placed on point group symmetry. However, only a small fra ...
... It must be stressed that the permutation symmetry inherent of manyparticle quantum systems is the most important symmetry requirement that one should impose in an electronic many-particle wave function. In the literature a greater emphasis is placed on point group symmetry. However, only a small fra ...
80, 030202(R) (2009)
... threshold of the first-excited state of the optical dipole trap. The trap reduction rate is chosen to fulfill the adiabaticity requirement. To that end, we maintain a constant trapping frequency throughout the laser culling process, which can be accomplished by dynamically varying the focus of the ...
... threshold of the first-excited state of the optical dipole trap. The trap reduction rate is chosen to fulfill the adiabaticity requirement. To that end, we maintain a constant trapping frequency throughout the laser culling process, which can be accomplished by dynamically varying the focus of the ...
Controlling heat and particle currents in nanodevices
... to a hot one2. This is firmly based on the assumption that a macroscopic body in equilibrium is characterized by a single parameter: its temperature. When two objects with different temperatures are brought in contact, heat will flow from the hotter to the colder one. In macroscopic objects, the obs ...
... to a hot one2. This is firmly based on the assumption that a macroscopic body in equilibrium is characterized by a single parameter: its temperature. When two objects with different temperatures are brought in contact, heat will flow from the hotter to the colder one. In macroscopic objects, the obs ...
A purification postulate for quantum mechanics with indefinite causal
... These processes have been shown to enable the realization of tasks that are otherwise impossible: they allow for the violation of causal inequalities [1, 3–8], can be detected by causal witnesses [9], provide an advantage in quantum computation [10–12], and enable a reduction in communication comple ...
... These processes have been shown to enable the realization of tasks that are otherwise impossible: they allow for the violation of causal inequalities [1, 3–8], can be detected by causal witnesses [9], provide an advantage in quantum computation [10–12], and enable a reduction in communication comple ...
From Quantum theory to Quantum theology: Abstract J
... approximate in nature' (Zadeh 1992:2). According to his fuzzy set theory almost all properties are fuzzy sets and elements belong to sets to different degrees. In mathematical terms a fuzzy set contains its elements to a certain degree. In the same way properties like tallness, redness and happiness ...
... approximate in nature' (Zadeh 1992:2). According to his fuzzy set theory almost all properties are fuzzy sets and elements belong to sets to different degrees. In mathematical terms a fuzzy set contains its elements to a certain degree. In the same way properties like tallness, redness and happiness ...
Wormholes and Entanglement
... final boundary, in such a way that their own boundaries are preserved, as shown in Figure 3. This is quite different to our original intuition in terms of horizontal slices through our solid volume, in which internal boundaries changed over time. Now we have a depression that deepens, in which a hol ...
... final boundary, in such a way that their own boundaries are preserved, as shown in Figure 3. This is quite different to our original intuition in terms of horizontal slices through our solid volume, in which internal boundaries changed over time. Now we have a depression that deepens, in which a hol ...
The Spin Quantum Number
... for a hydrogen atom. Using the four quantum number model, describe the two lowest energy term (orbits) for a helium atom. ...
... for a hydrogen atom. Using the four quantum number model, describe the two lowest energy term (orbits) for a helium atom. ...
classical simulation of restricted quantum computations
... one of two possible values: 0 or 1. The di↵erence between both is that while a bit must be either 0 or 1, the laws of quantum mechanics allow a qubit to be 0, 1, or a superposition of both. When the system is measured, the system takes just one of these states with some probability. The two states t ...
... one of two possible values: 0 or 1. The di↵erence between both is that while a bit must be either 0 or 1, the laws of quantum mechanics allow a qubit to be 0, 1, or a superposition of both. When the system is measured, the system takes just one of these states with some probability. The two states t ...
Quantum Interference of Unpolarized Single Photons
... This objection of Albert Einstein during a lecture given by Heisenberg in 1926 [1] expressed his disbelief in quantum mechanics as it was evolving at that time. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, formulated by Bohr and Heisenberg, was no longer a deterministic description of the wor ...
... This objection of Albert Einstein during a lecture given by Heisenberg in 1926 [1] expressed his disbelief in quantum mechanics as it was evolving at that time. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, formulated by Bohr and Heisenberg, was no longer a deterministic description of the wor ...
Quantum circuits for strongly correlated quantum systems
... different way, such that we not only have access to the lowenergy states but to the whole spectrum for certain quantum many-body problems. This allows us to prepare any excited state or thermal state at any temperature, as well as the dynamical evolution of any state for arbitrary times with an effo ...
... different way, such that we not only have access to the lowenergy states but to the whole spectrum for certain quantum many-body problems. This allows us to prepare any excited state or thermal state at any temperature, as well as the dynamical evolution of any state for arbitrary times with an effo ...
Significant-Loophole-Free Test of Bells Theorem with Entangled Photons
... both sides so quickly that no physical signal (limited by the speed of light) can pass information about the chosen setting or the measurement result to the other side in time to be relevant for the measurement there. The freedom-of-choice loophole refers to the requirement, formulated by Bell, that ...
... both sides so quickly that no physical signal (limited by the speed of light) can pass information about the chosen setting or the measurement result to the other side in time to be relevant for the measurement there. The freedom-of-choice loophole refers to the requirement, formulated by Bell, that ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.