Quantum Stabilizer Codes Embedding Qubits Into Qudits
... errors (X-type) or phase errors (Z-type) or their combination (XZ-type). However, in [6] the proposed code was essentially classical since only Z-type errors were taken into consideration. In this article we upgrade such a coding scheme to be fully quantum, thus able to correct X-type, Z-type and, X ...
... errors (X-type) or phase errors (Z-type) or their combination (XZ-type). However, in [6] the proposed code was essentially classical since only Z-type errors were taken into consideration. In this article we upgrade such a coding scheme to be fully quantum, thus able to correct X-type, Z-type and, X ...
Quantum Wires and Quantum Point Contacts
... leads are described by the Fermi functions, i. e., the leads are in the equilibrium. Such an equilibrium is achieved only at the distances larger than the electron mean free path. Thus, the dissipation takes place in the leads close to the contacts. What we have calculated is the total resistance of ...
... leads are described by the Fermi functions, i. e., the leads are in the equilibrium. Such an equilibrium is achieved only at the distances larger than the electron mean free path. Thus, the dissipation takes place in the leads close to the contacts. What we have calculated is the total resistance of ...
Statistical Physics Exercises
... 3/ Marginal distribution of component vx .– Deduce from f (~v ) the probability to find vx between vx and vx + dvx , whatever the values of (vy , vz ) (marginal distribution for vx ). 4/ Marginal distribution of the modulus v = k~v k.– Deduce from f (~v ) the probability to find the velocity modulus ...
... 3/ Marginal distribution of component vx .– Deduce from f (~v ) the probability to find vx between vx and vx + dvx , whatever the values of (vy , vz ) (marginal distribution for vx ). 4/ Marginal distribution of the modulus v = k~v k.– Deduce from f (~v ) the probability to find the velocity modulus ...
Nonclassical States of Cold Atomic Ensembles and of Light Fields
... shown in Fig. 2 as well as for the six fiducial input states, H, V, L, R, S, and T are evaluated from the measured density matrices. Fig. 2 shows that F is close to unity with no notable dependence on the zenith angle θ, and we have verified separately that the same is true for the azimuth angle ϕ. ...
... shown in Fig. 2 as well as for the six fiducial input states, H, V, L, R, S, and T are evaluated from the measured density matrices. Fig. 2 shows that F is close to unity with no notable dependence on the zenith angle θ, and we have verified separately that the same is true for the azimuth angle ϕ. ...
(pdf)
... Through this paper I make occasional references to the “physical world.” It is not clear, even to physicists, what the physical world actually is. For simplicity’s sake, I assume the physical world is R3 . This is the subspace of all spatial dimensions in the special relativistic description of spac ...
... Through this paper I make occasional references to the “physical world.” It is not clear, even to physicists, what the physical world actually is. For simplicity’s sake, I assume the physical world is R3 . This is the subspace of all spatial dimensions in the special relativistic description of spac ...
The capacity of the noisy quantum channel
... The ‘quantum’ in quantum mechanics means ‘how much’ — in quantum mechanics, classically continuous variables such as energy, angular momentum and charge come in discrete units called quanta. This discrete character of quantum-mechanical systems such as photons, atoms, and spins allows them to regist ...
... The ‘quantum’ in quantum mechanics means ‘how much’ — in quantum mechanics, classically continuous variables such as energy, angular momentum and charge come in discrete units called quanta. This discrete character of quantum-mechanical systems such as photons, atoms, and spins allows them to regist ...
Quantum cryptography
... be a state of two very distant particles, for example on two planets Measurement of one of the particles, with respect to the standard basis, makes the above state to collapse to one of the states |00> or |11>. This means that subsequent measurement of other particle (on another planet) provides the ...
... be a state of two very distant particles, for example on two planets Measurement of one of the particles, with respect to the standard basis, makes the above state to collapse to one of the states |00> or |11>. This means that subsequent measurement of other particle (on another planet) provides the ...
IMPRECISE MEASUREMENTS IN QUANTUM MECHANICS
... can be passed in theoretical investigations, and, being aware of the idealization, one may concentrate on absolutely accurate measurements. However, in quantum mechanics imprecision has a fundamental role. For instance, there is no joint measurement for sharp position and momentum observables. These ...
... can be passed in theoretical investigations, and, being aware of the idealization, one may concentrate on absolutely accurate measurements. However, in quantum mechanics imprecision has a fundamental role. For instance, there is no joint measurement for sharp position and momentum observables. These ...
Quantum Criticality and Black Holes
... • A chemical potential µ • A magnetic field B After the AdS/CFT mapping, we obtain the Einstein-Maxwell theory of a black hole with • An electric charge • A magnetic charge ...
... • A chemical potential µ • A magnetic field B After the AdS/CFT mapping, we obtain the Einstein-Maxwell theory of a black hole with • An electric charge • A magnetic charge ...
Quantum Clustering Algorithms - The International Machine
... a clustering algorithm is to partition the set Dn in subsets of points called clusters, such that similar objects are grouped together within the same cluster (intrasimilarity) and dissimilar objects are put in different clusters (inter-dissimilarity). A notion of distance (or a similarity measure) ...
... a clustering algorithm is to partition the set Dn in subsets of points called clusters, such that similar objects are grouped together within the same cluster (intrasimilarity) and dissimilar objects are put in different clusters (inter-dissimilarity). A notion of distance (or a similarity measure) ...
A Gentle Introduction to Quantum Computing
... meaning that for the time being we don’t care how they are physically implemented. All we care about the inputs they take and the corresponding outputs. Quantum gates have the property that they have an equivalent number of inputs and outputs. This stems specifically from the fact that quantum mecha ...
... meaning that for the time being we don’t care how they are physically implemented. All we care about the inputs they take and the corresponding outputs. Quantum gates have the property that they have an equivalent number of inputs and outputs. This stems specifically from the fact that quantum mecha ...
File
... Little’s formula • The only requirements are that the system is stable and non-preemptive; this rules out transition states such as initial startup or shutdown. • In some cases it is possible to mathematically relate not only the average number in the system to the average wait but relate the entir ...
... Little’s formula • The only requirements are that the system is stable and non-preemptive; this rules out transition states such as initial startup or shutdown. • In some cases it is possible to mathematically relate not only the average number in the system to the average wait but relate the entir ...
Document
... 9.2 – 9.3 Components of Vectors Any vector can be replaced by two vectors which, acting together, duplicate the effect of the original vector. They are called components of the vector. ...
... 9.2 – 9.3 Components of Vectors Any vector can be replaced by two vectors which, acting together, duplicate the effect of the original vector. They are called components of the vector. ...
Quantum cryptography
... be a state of two very distant particles, for example on two planets Measurement of one of the particles, with respect to the standard basis, makes the above state to collapse to one of the states |00> or |11>. This means that subsequent measurement of other particle (on another planet) provides the ...
... be a state of two very distant particles, for example on two planets Measurement of one of the particles, with respect to the standard basis, makes the above state to collapse to one of the states |00> or |11>. This means that subsequent measurement of other particle (on another planet) provides the ...
Lecture July 2, 2009
... Assuming that the measurements represent a random sample from a normal population, find a 95% confidence interval of the mean drying time of this brand. Exc. 7 The results of a study to determine patterns of drug use in adolescents were published. Of the 4145 seventh graders in a random sample, 124 ...
... Assuming that the measurements represent a random sample from a normal population, find a 95% confidence interval of the mean drying time of this brand. Exc. 7 The results of a study to determine patterns of drug use in adolescents were published. Of the 4145 seventh graders in a random sample, 124 ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.