Generation of highly entangled photon pairs for continuous variable
... photons experience the ordinary index of refraction. It turns out that while for the PPLN segments k00 ð!0 Þ ¼ 1:0 1031 s2 mm1 , for the calcite segments 00 ð!0 Þ ¼ 2:1 1032 s2 mm1 . Thus, the calcite thickness h to PPLN thickness L ratio must be 4:9 to guarantee that the overall GVD ter ...
... photons experience the ordinary index of refraction. It turns out that while for the PPLN segments k00 ð!0 Þ ¼ 1:0 1031 s2 mm1 , for the calcite segments 00 ð!0 Þ ¼ 2:1 1032 s2 mm1 . Thus, the calcite thickness h to PPLN thickness L ratio must be 4:9 to guarantee that the overall GVD ter ...
26 Optimal Bounds for Johnson-Lindenstrauss
... In many cases, our results are tight. For instance, for estimating the p -norm for any p ≥ 0 in the turnstile model,1 we prove an (ε−2 log n log 1/δ) space lower bound for streams with poly(n) increments/decrements. This resolves a long sequence of work on this problem [Indyk and Woodruff 2003; Ka ...
... In many cases, our results are tight. For instance, for estimating the p -norm for any p ≥ 0 in the turnstile model,1 we prove an (ε−2 log n log 1/δ) space lower bound for streams with poly(n) increments/decrements. This resolves a long sequence of work on this problem [Indyk and Woodruff 2003; Ka ...
The statistical interpretation according to Born and Heisenberg
... Instead they must mean some kind of potentialities, some probabilistic ‘field of force’, existing independently of the presence of a ‘test particle’. Regarding the ‘state’ of the system, the picture they have in mind seems to be similar to that in Born’s papers: namely, that the actual state of the ...
... Instead they must mean some kind of potentialities, some probabilistic ‘field of force’, existing independently of the presence of a ‘test particle’. Regarding the ‘state’ of the system, the picture they have in mind seems to be similar to that in Born’s papers: namely, that the actual state of the ...
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... and the boxcar averager was set to take an average over 10 shots. This method brings the time resolution of the experiments to -1 s. The time-dependent PSHG experiments were designed to measure the trap lifetimes, Tdh and Tde, and charging time, Th. The steady-state PSHG experiments were used to stu ...
... and the boxcar averager was set to take an average over 10 shots. This method brings the time resolution of the experiments to -1 s. The time-dependent PSHG experiments were designed to measure the trap lifetimes, Tdh and Tde, and charging time, Th. The steady-state PSHG experiments were used to stu ...
Chapter 7. Plane Electromagnetic Waves and Wave Propagation
... called left circularly polarized (positive helicity) in optics. For ...
... called left circularly polarized (positive helicity) in optics. For ...
Quantum Algorithms - UCSB Computer Science
... GHZ 12 ( 000 ei( αβ γ ) 111 ) • After the three Hadamard gates this become 41 (1 ei( αβ γ ) )( 000 011 101 110 ) 41 (1 ei( αβ γ ) )( 001 010 100 111 ) • If the sum α+β+γ = 0 mod 2π then the parity of the outcome bits will be even. If α+β+γ = π mod 2π, then the parity of ...
... GHZ 12 ( 000 ei( αβ γ ) 111 ) • After the three Hadamard gates this become 41 (1 ei( αβ γ ) )( 000 011 101 110 ) 41 (1 ei( αβ γ ) )( 001 010 100 111 ) • If the sum α+β+γ = 0 mod 2π then the parity of the outcome bits will be even. If α+β+γ = π mod 2π, then the parity of ...
Lab 7 Ballistic Pendulum! !
... a launch angle of ±0.3°. Add this uncertainty to the range uncertainty above. Calculate the initial speed from this data. Include the uncertainty. Analysis Here is a case where two measurements of the same value are done two different ways without an expected value. How do we know if the two experim ...
... a launch angle of ±0.3°. Add this uncertainty to the range uncertainty above. Calculate the initial speed from this data. Include the uncertainty. Analysis Here is a case where two measurements of the same value are done two different ways without an expected value. How do we know if the two experim ...
What General Chemistry Students Know
... S: X-axis is position… I think it would be position over here, too. The real fundamental questions are the ones that mess you up, but you can solve if you have your amplitude. Quantum Concepts in Chemistry (http://quantumconcepts.bu.edu) ...
... S: X-axis is position… I think it would be position over here, too. The real fundamental questions are the ones that mess you up, but you can solve if you have your amplitude. Quantum Concepts in Chemistry (http://quantumconcepts.bu.edu) ...
Performance Analysis of a Heterogeneous Traffic Scheduler
... possible to achieve multi-user diversity, which enhances the performance of a system considerably. Most studies of scheduling algorithms have focused on optimizing the long term average throughput of users, i.e., stability. From the stability point of view, it is important to design an algorithm whi ...
... possible to achieve multi-user diversity, which enhances the performance of a system considerably. Most studies of scheduling algorithms have focused on optimizing the long term average throughput of users, i.e., stability. From the stability point of view, it is important to design an algorithm whi ...
14-06-16_PLCQC - Columbia University
... Adiabatic Quantum Computing • Quantum computations can be implemented by the adiabatic evolution of the Hamiltonian of a quantum system • To solve a given problem we initialize the system to the ground state of a simple Hamiltonian • We then evolve the Hamiltonian to one whose ground state encodes ...
... Adiabatic Quantum Computing • Quantum computations can be implemented by the adiabatic evolution of the Hamiltonian of a quantum system • To solve a given problem we initialize the system to the ground state of a simple Hamiltonian • We then evolve the Hamiltonian to one whose ground state encodes ...
Kinetics of decay of metastable gas phase of polarized atomic
... of spin waves, with and without simultaneous emission of phonons . The energy values of the collective excit?.tions with spin flip in a Bose gas of polarized hydrogen atoms, given in Sec. 6, impose not too strong a restriction on the density at which the depolarization process still retains a thresh ...
... of spin waves, with and without simultaneous emission of phonons . The energy values of the collective excit?.tions with spin flip in a Bose gas of polarized hydrogen atoms, given in Sec. 6, impose not too strong a restriction on the density at which the depolarization process still retains a thresh ...
Nobel Lecture: Fractional quantization
... state. The phonon ceases to have meaning when the crystal is taken apart, however, because sound makes no sense in an isolated atom. A somewhat more esoteric example, although a more apt one, is the Landau quasiparticle of a metal (Pines and Nozières, 1966). This is an excited quantum state that be ...
... state. The phonon ceases to have meaning when the crystal is taken apart, however, because sound makes no sense in an isolated atom. A somewhat more esoteric example, although a more apt one, is the Landau quasiparticle of a metal (Pines and Nozières, 1966). This is an excited quantum state that be ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.